• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

Antioxidant activity and biological properties in the MeOH extracts from different plant parts of Euonymus alatus (THNUB.) were measured by DPPH free radical scavenging ability and inhibition ability against xanthine/xanthine oxidase and proliferation in HL-60 cells. DPPH free radical scavenging activities in extracts of plant parts were high such as leaf, wing, root, seed and stem, respectively. The EtOAc fractions of plant parts were purified through LH-20 column chromatography and identified by GC/MS. LH-4 fraction and LH-5 fraction of leaf, stem and root showed stronger activities than other fractions in the inhibitor activity of DPPH and xanthine/ xanthine oxidase. $IC_{50}$ values of LH-4 fraction eluted from stem extracts showed such as 2.38 and 5.32 in DPPH and xanthine/ xanthine oxidase assay. Polyphenolic compounds were identified in purified LH-20 fractions showed highest $IC_{50}$ value in DPPH and xanthine/xanthine oxidase assay The activity of POD according to sampling time was high in root harvested in May and leaf harvested in September, respectively. The activity of SOD showed only in the extracts of stem in plant parts. SOD and POD in leaf were similar in the patterns of isozyme to those of stem. The purified extracts from Euonymus alatus (THNUB.) exerted inhibition ability of proliferation in HL-60 cells.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.164-169
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• 2023

Vegetables are rich sources of dietary fiber, which exhibit various health benefits. In the Republic of Korea, vegetables are consumed after cooking using different methods. However, they are most commonly eaten raw or blanched. In this study, chamnamul, sesame leaf, Fischer's ragwort, burdock root, and garlic stem from Korea were analyzed according to the Korean Food Code, and changes in dietary fiber content after blanching were compared. Blanching reduced the total dietary fiber (TDF) content in chamnamul (from 3.67±0.03 to 2.61±0.14 g/100 g), burdock root (from 4.95±0.40 to 3.89±0.10 g/100 g), and sesame leaf (from 4.32±0.12 to 3.65±0.17 g/100 g), but increased it in Fischer's ragwort (from 6.09±0.49 to 6.43±0.01 g/100 g) and garlic stem (from 4.52±0.35 to 5.09±0.04 g/100 g). Sucrose, glucose, and fructose were detected in the vegetables; however, sesame leaf did not have sucrose. Fresh burdock root had the highest sucrose content (1.71±0.07 g/100 g) whereas garlic stem had the highest glucose and fructose content (1.65±0.02 and 1.73±0.02 g/100 g, respectively) compared with other vegetables. Upon blanching, the free sugar content of vegetables decreased for all sugars except for sucrose, which increased in Fischer's ragwort (from 0.10±0.01 to 0.14±0.01 g/100 g) and garlic stem (from 0.76±0.00 to 0.83±0.01 g/100 g). These results can provide information on blanching-associated changes in the content of dietary fiber and free sugar in foods prepared using these vegetables.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.1015-1021
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• 2008

This study was performed to examine the accumulated concentrations (conc.) of cadmium (Cd) in the organs of Arabidopsis thaliana grown in the soil with different conc. of Cd. The official standard conc. of Cd of pollutant exhaust notified by the Korean ministry of environment (0.1 mg/L) and ten times higher (1 mg/L) and fifty times higher (5 mg/L) conc. and no Cd in the soil as control were used for this investigation. The results showed that accumulated conc. of Cd in the stems of plant grown in the soil with different conc. (0.1, 1 and 5 mg/L) were increased 9%, 24% and 286% respectively, compared with normal plant stem. The accumulated conc. of Cd in the leafs of plant gown in the soil with official standard conc. and conc. ten times higher and conc. fifty times higher were increased 3%, 22% and 453%, respectively, compared with normal plant leaf. The accumulated conc. of Cd in the root of plant grown in the soil with 0.1 and 1 mg/L conc. of Cd were increased 6%, 19%, respectively, compared with normal plant root. However, it was observed about 84% of increased accumulation of the Cd in the root of plant, when highest (5 mg/L) conc. was used. The accumulated conc. of Cd in the different organs of Arabidopsis thaliana were increased according to increase of Cd conc. in the soil. When official standard conc. and ten times higher conc. of Cd were used, the accumulated conc. of Cd increased average 6%, 21%, respectively, compared with normal plant organ, and the accumulated conc. of Cd between leaf, stem and root were not significant. However, the accumulated conc. of Cd in the plant organs gown in the conc. fifty times higher were increased about 285%, compared with normal plant. In addition, the accumulated conc. of Cd in different organs of Arabidopsis thaliana exhibited wide differences between organs, that is, stem was increased 118% than root, leaf was increased 256%, 64% than root and stem, respectively. These results show that accumulated conc. of Cd in Arabidopsis thaliana with highest (5 mg/L) conc. of Cd in soil, were much higher in the leaf than the stem or root in proportion to the conc. of Cd contaminated within the soil.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.132-136
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• 2012

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) is an annual herbaceous plant of the family Malvacease that has been planted in tropical Africa and Asia region for more than 4000 years and use as source of fiber, energy and feed stock. In this study, the physiological characters and chemical compositions of kenaf mutant variety "Jangdae" developed using gamma irradiation at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) were compared with three genetic resources (Auxu, C12, and C14-DRS). Jangdae showed the highest productivity growth rates in fresh yield, dry weight (DW) yield (leaf and stem), node number, and stem thickness. Especially, leaf DW yield of Jangdae was 1.6-3.1 times higher than that of three genetic resources. Also, stem DW yield of Jangdae was 1.6-2.1 times higher than that of three genetic resources. In the analysis of chemical composition, Jangdae showed 16.9% of crude protein content that was 0.86-0.94 times lower than three cultivars. However, Jangdae showed the highest neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents in leaf (32.5%) and stem (75.2%). Also, acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of stem and leaf in Jangdae were 64.4% and 33.9%, respectively. Total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents were 22.1 mg/g and 7.4 mg/g in Jangdae. Based on these results, Jangdae would have the potential to become a successful forage crop.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.318-318
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• 2022

Basil(Ocimum basilicum L.) is an annual herb that grows wild in hot and humid regions such as tropical Asia and Africa. This study was carried out for resource discovery, propagation, and DB construction of aromatic plants. In order to evaluate the genetic characteristics, 28 kinds of basil seeds were supplied from the Center for Genetic Resources. For basil characteristics, planting date, plant height, growth shape, leaf length, leaf shape, petiole color, petiole, stem color, flower color, after harvest, Ml length including roots, flower length, stem thickness and biological weight were measured. For anthocyanin analysis, only basil with purple color was selected, anthocyanins were extracted with 60% ethanol containing 1% citric acid, a standard quantitative curve was prepared with cyanidin-3-glucoside, and absorbance was measured at 525 nm. Basil planting started around June 16, and the flowering period lasted for a total of 18 days from July 19 to August 5. On August 6, when flowering was completed, morphological characteristics including flower color were measured at the site by an object. The measured basil plant length was 26.6-59.6 cm, leaf length 2.0-7.9 cm, leaf width 0.7-5.2 cm, and petiole 1.3-3.9 cm. The growth pattern of basil was generally straight, medium in shape. The color of the leaves was observed evenly by mixed green, purple, purple and green, and the recesses in the shape of the leaf were also conspicuously observed. A total of three basil flower colors were observed: white, light pink(149P 10P/84), and purple(37V 2.5RP 4/12). During the second growth survey after harvest, the total length including the basil roots is 26.7-52.0 cm, the flower length is 8.2-29.3cm, the stem thickness is 7.1-15.9mm, the number of stem nodes is 3-12 nodes, and the total weight of the basil was measured to be about 218-1540 g. There are a total of 16 types of basil expressed in purple, and the anthocyanin content was measured to be 73.74 ~ 380.72 mg/100g.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.12
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• pp.1871-1880
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• 2014

Headspace volatile compounds of leaf, stem, and root of Peucedanum japonicum Thunberg (PJT) harvested in March and July were isolated, separated, and identified by using a combined system of solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Identified numbers of volatile compounds were 72, 75, and 63 in March PJT as well as 78, 73, and 69 in July, respectively. Total compounds identified from PJT consisted of alcohols (1~7), aldehydes (7~15), esters (1~4), hydrocarbons (5~9), ketones (1~2), monoterpenes (13~16), monoterpene alcohols (1~5), monoterpene aldehydes (2~4), monoterpene esters (1~4), monoterpene ketones (1~2), sesquiterpenes (16~24), and miscellaneous compounds (2~3). Major volatile compounds of PJT were monoterpenes at all harvest times and in all parts of PJT. The amounts of ${\beta}$-pinene in leaf and stem harvested in March were highest in monoterpenes, followed by ${\alpha}$-pinene and ${\beta}$-myrcene. However, amounts of volatile compounds of monoterpenes in leaf and stem from July PJT were in the decreasing order of ${\beta}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-phellandrene, and ${\beta}$-myrcene. Of the 39 sesquiterpenes identified in PJT, (E)-caryophyllene in March leaf was the most abundant volatile compound, followed by acoradiene in March leaf, ${\beta}$-elemene, and ${\alpha}$-copaene in July stem.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.99-102
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• 2000

Comparing and analysing the productivity and the main ingredients of persimmon leaves by cultivars were conducted to improve the quality and productivity of the per-simmon leaf tea. As a result of the survey, Dungsi was decidedly good in growth co-ndition of survival rate, stem diameter and the number of shoots etc. Also , DUngsi had the highest leaf productivity of 567 leaves and the leaf weight of 1.98 kg per one plant after three years of planting . On accounts of productivity, ingredient analysis and panel test etc. we collectively through that Dungsi was the best cutltivar for the persimmon leaf tea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.1113-1119
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• 2007

Water extracts from root, stem and leaf of Ailanthus altissima were utilized to determine antioxidant properties such as electron donating ability (EDA), nitrite scavenging ability, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, and the inhibitory activities of xanthine oxidase (XO) and tyrosinase. The EDA of root extract was the highest as 77.33% at 0.5 mg/mL concentration and that of stem extract was 70.01% at 1.0 mg/mL. The nitrite scavenging ability of leaf extract revealed the highest effect as 95.18% at pH 1.2, 1.0 mg/mL while those of stem and root extracts were 55.17% and 33.33%, respectively. The leaf extract showed the highest SOD like activity as 26.77% at 1.0 mg/mL, the measurement of root extract was 3.82% and that of stem extract was not effective. All kinds of extracts had strong inhibitory activities on XO of over 92% at 1.0 mg/mL. The highest activity on tyrosinase inhibition was obtained from leaf extract of 16.33% at 2.0 mg/mL. The results indicated that among the three extracts, the leaf extract has a strong and extensive antioxidant activity.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.594-601
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• 1994

Effects of translocation on seed yield and carbon-nitrogen compounds at five leaf-pod ratios of soybean [Glycine max. (L.)Merr. ] culti bars, 'Paldalkong', 'Baekunkong', and 'Danyeobkong' were measured. The upper 50 and lower 50% of leaves and pods were subjected to treatments at growth stage R3. Three soybean cultivars showed the similar trends on changes in dry matter accumulation and on the contents of soluble sugar, starch and protein in seeds among the treatments. Mean stem dry weight was increased with upper leaf-lower pod and lower leaf-upper pod removals, and decreased with upper leaf and lower leaf removals. Leaf dry weight was appeared higher at the upper leaves among the treatments. Seed numbers and dry weights were decreased with leaf and leaf-pod removals, and were higher in lower part of the plants. Soluble sugar and starch contents in seeds were also showed slightly higher in lower part. Protein content of seeds was decreased in upper part with upper leaf removal and in lower part with lower leaf removal, however, that of the upper seeds was the highest with lower leaf removal. The results of this study are assumed that carbon and nitrogen compounds were translocated opposite directions and protein source was weak in remobilization for the long distance transport during the reproductive growth period of soybean plants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2008

Prevention of postprandial hyperglycemia is important, as it is implicated in the development of macro- and microvascular complications associated with diabetes. An inhibitor of ${\alpha}$-amylase which acts in the first step of carbohydrate digestion, is expected to be a suppressor of postprandial hyperglycemia. This study investigated the porcine pancreatic ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activity of the extracts from buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) flower, leaf, stem and grain. Flower, leaf, stem and grain of buckwheat were extracted by water and ethanol (40%, 70%, 100%), respectively. Flower and leaf extracts were more effective ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitors than stem and grain extracts in all tested solutions. Ethanol extracts were more effective than water extracts or powders on the ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activities. At concentrations of $0.5%{\sim}10%$ (w/w, starch basis), the flower extracts of 40%, 70% and 100% ethanol lowered the enzyme activity by about 90% and the results were similar to the values of acarbose. At the same concentrations, the leaf extracts of 100% ethanol lowered the enzyme activity by about 90%. These results suggest that buckwheat flower and leaf ethanol extracts may delay carbohydrate digestion and lower postprandial hyperglycemia.