• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.910
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• pp.1341-1350
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• 2004

With the advent of the globalization trend of the industry, the enterprises in the fashion industry around the world have witnessed a surge in exports and foreign direct investment (FDI). Many fashion enterprises in each country, along with the multi-national enterprises, have engaged in global outsourcing of the production process in order to increase their global competitiveness, and have attempted to expand their commercial presence in the world market by entering into other foreign markets. Such market entry attempts have lead to the increase of FDI and trade by the fashion enterprises. This study attempts to examine the interactive relation between FDI and export/import of fashion products in different fashion industries both worldwide and in Korea. First, we will look into the relation between export/imports and FDI of each regional fashion industry, then expand the study to the relation between those two factors found in the fashion industry of Korea in general, and finally, to the relation between the two factors in the fashion industry of countries that are the major export nations of fashion goods into Korea. The data which this study is based on were collected from the International Trade Statistics Yearbook Vol. II (UN, 1991-2002, New York: UN), UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics (UN, 1996-2001, Vienna: UN), UNCTAD database, the archives of the Korea Federation of Textile Industry and the archives of the Export-Import Bank of Korea. The methods of analysis used in this study were correlation, regression, and descriptive statistics of the data. The result of this study showed that each fashion industry of different regions was subject to a diversity of effects. For one, the fashion industry in Korea showed a significant correlation between outbound investment and both export and import. On the other hand, the apparel industry in Korea showed a significant correlation between outbound investment and imports, but no such correlation between outbound investment and exports.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2004

$La_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}CoO_3$ (LSCO) electrodes were prepared on ferroelectric $Sr_{0.9}Bi_{2.1}Ta_2O_9$(SBT) thin films by spin coating method using photosensitive sol-gel solution. Self-patterning technique of photosensitive sol-gel solution has advantages such as simple manufacturing process compared to photoresist/dry etching process. Lanthanum(III) 2-methoxyethoxide, Stronitium diethoxide. Cobalu(II)2-methoxyethoxide were used as starting materials for LSCO electrode. UV irradiation on LSCO thin films lead to decrease solubility by M-O-M bond formation and the solubility difference allows us to obtain self-patternine. There was little composition change of the LSCO thin films between before leaching and after leaching in 2-methoxyethanol. The lowest resistivity of LSCO thin films deposited on $SiO_2$/Si substrate was $1.1{\times}10^{-2}{\Omega}cm$ when the thin film was ennealed at $740^{\circ}C$. The values of Pr/Ps and 2Pr of LSCO/SBT/Pt capacitor on the applied voltage of 5V were 0.51, 8.89 ${\mu}C/cm^2$, respectively.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.431-446
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• 1996

This experiment was performed to study the ultrastructural changes of the juxtaglomerular cell of mice following subcutaneous injection of heavy metallic agents. Male mice were divided into normal and experimental groups. The mice were subcutaneouly injected with $HgCl_2$ (2mg, 5mg or 10 mg/Kg/BW) or with $K_{2}Cr_{2}O_7$(5 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg/Kg/BW). Mice were sacrificed on 6 hours, 3 days and 14 days after the injection. Kidneys were fixed in the 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde solution, followed by refixation in the 1% osmium tetroxide solution. Dehydrated blocks were embedded in araldite mixture. The sections were cut on a LKB-V ultratome, and ultrathin sections stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate were observed with JEM 100CX II electron microscope. The results were as follow: 1. Juxtaglomerular cell of the experimental groups showed some alterations, especially in the structures of protein synthesis including dilations and degradations of granular endoplasmic reticula, atrophy of Golgi complex, and numerous free ribosomes in the cytoplasm. 2. Juxtaglomerular cells treated groups showed a number of vacuoles, protogranules and some myelin figures in the cytoplasm, especially in the earlier groups. 3. Juxtaglomerular cells of treated groups, contained a large number of secretory granules showing variable electron densities and pleomorphism in later groups (2 weeks). From the above results, it was concluded that, the mercuric chloride or potassium bichromate induces acute renin release from juxtaglomerular cells of the mice, but many juxtaglomerular cells may secrete prematured secretory granules, or the synthetic system of the cell can not perform normal function.

• Plant Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 2015

This study is about whether the new Project Finance scheme called "Asset Backed Short Term Bond(ABSTB)" with Project Finance Guarantee Cover provided by Korean Exim Bank(KEXIM) is an appropriate and valid financing structure, through close examinations on domestic and overseas IPP case studies. This study clearly indicates that (i) the interest rate of ABSTB with KEXIM's Project Finance Guarantee is relatively more competitive than the interest rate of other ABSTB guaranteed by EPC Companies (ii) the lower credit rated EPC companies make higher ROE(Return on Equity) through this financing structure. Lastly, Korean EPC Companies can secure profitability through this innovative financing scheme which will also lead to winning more power plant Contracts and become globally competitive.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.203-214
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• 1990

A total of 166 strains of Salmonella (S) typhimurium var copenhagen isolated from pigeons (164 strains) and aquatic birds (2 strains) were examined for the biochemical characteristics and plasmid profiles. All the strains were sensitive to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin and sulfadimethoxine. But 13 strains(7.8%) were resistant to streptomycin (Sm), 2 (1.2%) to tetracycline, 2 (1.2%) to rifampicin, and 1 (0.6%) to nalidixic acid. Among drug resistant strains, only one strain resistant to Sm contained conjugative R plasmid which was fertility inhibition and incompatibility group $I_{\alpha}$. All the strains were sensitive to cobalt chloride, cupric sulfate, lead nitrate, mercuric chloride and silver nitrate. Of 166 isolates, 6 (3.6%) were resistant to sodium arsenate and 1 (0.6%) to potassium tellurite. Among 166 isolates, 1 (0.6%) was colicinogenic, 12 (7.2%) sucrose fermenters, and 166 (100%) maltose fermenters. Plasmid profiles were confirmed as being 4 or 5 plasmids, and their molecular weight ranged 3.2 to 60 megadalton (MD). All the strains harbored 60 Md plasmid. There are three patterns by the plasmid profile, 150 isolates (90.4%) were pattern I (3.2, 3.5, 33, 60Md), 14 (8.4%) pattern II (3.2, 3.5, 29, 60Md), and 2 (1.2%) pattern III (4.2, 7.8, 8.5, 15, 60Md). S typhimurium var copenhagen strains containing 60Md plasmid were resistant to killing by 90% normal guinea pig serum.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.347-356
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• 2020

Mechanization and automation constitute an essential stage in the production and operation of any company, as one of the determinants of increase in labor productivity and decrease in product price, while significantly contributing to shortening of the lead time. Businesses are, therefore, able to quickly put projects into operation, improving economic efficiency, quality, and aesthetics, which speeds up the national economic growth. For the construction industry to be the most effective, modern construction equipment is a necessity. It is one of the five main resources of a construction project. Thus, effective construction equipment management contributes to the success of a project and benefits the relevant construction companies economically. This paper presents the critical risk factors affecting equipment management and proposes suitable solutions. The questionnaire-based survey with experienced experts in the construction sector on the management of the likelihood and consequence of risk factors revealed thirty-two risks for equipment management in construction companies. These factors fell into six groups: (i) site organization-related risks; (ii) management-related risks; (iii) owner-related risks; (iv) supplier-related risks; (v) legal risks, and (vi) site condition-related and external risks. The results showed that management-related factors contributed to the most significant risks and problems for equipment management in construction companies.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.373-387
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• 2013

For the efficient operation and management of the water resources system, coordinated operation of weirs and reservoirs is required. A simulation based, and an optimization based approaches are available to deal with the operation and management problems. The simulation based approach does not guarantee an optimal solution, and the optimization based approach is not so flexible to consider, complex, nonlinear problems we will face when trying to allocate water to different uses, various demand sectors in a basin. Hence, it is important to develop a model that would compensate for the weak points in both models. We will compare and contrast intrinsic and extrinsic properties of two modeling approaches, addressing issues related to setting system operation and control rules that would lead us to more efficient use of water in the basin. As a result, we propose to use CoWMOM(Coordinated weirs and multi-reservoir operating model), a "simulation based" optimization model for a simple simulation of the past periods, and for the real-time simulation process considering uncertain inflow.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the incidence, location, and orientation of maxillary sinus septa in formalin embalmed cadavers. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 210 cadaveric heads available in our department. After taking the mid-sagittal section the specimens were opened from the medial aspect and the sinus sinus septa, their anatomical plane, location and dimensions. Results: The mean linear distance between maxillary sinus floor and its anatomical ostium was $26.76{\pm}5.21mm$ and $26.91{\pm}4.96mm$ on right and left side, respectively. A total of 59 maxillary sinus septa (28.1%) were observed in 210 maxillary specimens. Septae were most common, 33 septa (55.9%), in the middle region (between first and second molar tooth) of the sinus cavity. The maxillary sinus membrane (Schneiderian membrane) adhered tightly to the maxillary sinus and over the septae. Significantly more maxillary sinus septa were observed in edentulous maxillae in comparison to the dentate upper jaw. Conclusion: Knowledge of location of maxillary sinus ostium is mandatory for the rhinologist for drainage of secretions in maxillary sinusitis. The morphological details of maxillary sinus septa, particularly their location and anatomical planes, will guide dentists in performance of safe implant surgeries. The maxillary antrum septa of category I and II may complicate the procedure of inversion of bone plate and elevation of sinus membrane during maxillary augmentation surgeries. The category III septa observed in the sagittal plane were embedded by one of the branches of the infraorbital nerve in it, and if accidentally cut will lead to infraorbital nerve palsy in maxillary sinus surgeries.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.169-180
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• 2018

Depression is a major health problem that can lead to mortality. This study was conducted to assess the risk factors associated with depression in a group aged over 65 years by analyzing nationally representative Korean survey data. A total of 1,209 subjects were analyzed among the participants of the 2014 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Statistical methods for a complex sample were applied by using SPSS program(windows ver. 24.0). Depression assessments were carried out by using the 9-item depression module of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Depression ($PHQ-9{\geq}5$) was more frequently found in females (33.2%) compared to males (16.1%). However, there was no evidence suggesting that characteristics such as residence area, income level and age, except for educational level, were related with depression. The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that i) health habits such as smoking (OR: 2.26) and lack of aerobic physical activity (OR: 1.62), ii) mental health status such as bad self-rating of health status (OR: 4.30), more stress (OR: 8.31), and bad health-related quality of life (by EQ_5D, OR: 3.41), iii) chronic diseases such as obesity (OR: 0.66), hypercholesterolemia (OR: 1.57), anemia (OR: 1.91), and iv) low intake of energy (OR: 1.84) and calcium (OR: 1.71) were significantly associated with depression. This study suggests that certain characteristics of health habits, mental health status, chronic diseases and nutrient intake may be associated with depression. Prospective research on long-term control is needed to establish causal connections among those factors with depression.

• BMB Reports
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.186-193
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• 2002

The acid-bible subunit (ALS) associates with the insulinlike growth factor (IGF)-I or II, and the IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in order to form a 150-kD complex in the circulation. This complex may regulate the serum IGFs by restricting them in the vascular system and promoting their endocrine actions. Little is known about how ALS binds to IGFBP3, which connects the IGFs to ALS. Xenopus oocyte was utilized to study the function of ALS in assembling IGFs into the ternary complexes. Xenopus oocyte was shown to correctly translate in vitro transcribed mRNAs of ALS and IGFBP3. IGFBP3 and ALS mRNAs were injected in a mixture, and their products were immunoprecipitated by antisera against ALS and IGFBP3. Contrary to traditional reports that ALS interacts only with IGF-bound IGFBP3, this study shows that ALS is capable of forming a binary complex with IGFBP3 in the absence of IGF When cross-linked by disuccinimidyl suberate, the band that represents the ALS-IGFBP3 complex was evident on the PAGE. IGFBP3 movement was monitored according to the distribution between the hemispheres. Following a localized translation in the vegetal hemisphere, IGFBP3 remained in the vegetal half in the presence of ALS. However, the mutant IGFBP3 freely diffused into the animal half, despite the presence of ALS, which is different from the wild type IGFBP3. This study, therefore, suggests that ALS may play an important role in sequestering IGFBP3 polypeptides via the intermolecular aggregation. Studies using this heterologous model will lead to a better understanding of the IGFBP3 and ALS that assemble into the ternary structure and circulate the IGF system.