• Archives of design research
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.215-226
• /
• 1998

As late as middle of 1980s, what was referred to as new model cars consisted, on the premise of a standardized packaging layout, principally of the endeavor to transform their style images by changing little by little the form of layouts almosts similar to or with larger bodies than those of the old model ones. Afterwards even in the period of competition of engeineering and mechanical body styles for reducing fuel cost and improving comfortability in riding, the standardized packaging layout did not change visibly, simply trying to ameliorating commercialism through high output and high efficacy on the engineering part. Today the sudden prevalent motorization in every walk of life has brought about the development of the car industry, thus producing surplus supply and technical standardization. This phenomenon of technical standardization leads the concept of the renovation of car design to a way quite different from that of the past and so may be said to be confronted with an era that requires genuine-sense car design in a way. It seems that interior design plans are of much more importance than external shapes. This is because the effort for enhancing comfortability to keep car passengers' needs of transportation is one of the essences of car design. The objective of this study consists in inquiring into how to plan motorcar interior design, an essential prerequisite in determining the external or of a car, obtaining data needed via analysis of interior design plans of the car models that have won favorable criticism from consumers, thus contributing to the use of the data obtained for reference in car design activities in a genuine sense.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.203-212
• /
• 2008

The cyclic behavior and energy dissipation mechanism of short coupling beams with various reinforcement layouts were studied. For numerical analysis of coupling beams, nonlinear truss model was used. The results of numerical analysis showed that the coupling beams with conventional reinforcement layout showed pinched cyclic behavior without significant energy dissipation, whereas the coupling beams with diagonal reinforcement exhibited stable cyclic behavior without pinching. The energy dissipation of the coupling beams was developed mainly by diagonal reinforcing bars developing large plastic strains rather than concrete which is a brittle material Based on this result, simplified equations for evaluating the energy dissipation of coupling beams were developed. For verification, the predicted energy dissipation was compared with the test results. The results showed that the simplified equations can predict the energy dissipation of short coupling beams with shear span-to-depth ratio less than 1.25 with reasonable precision, addressing various design parameters such as reinforcement layout, shear span-to-depth ratio, and the magnitude of inelastic displacement. The proposed energy equations can be easily applied to performance-based seismic evaluation and design of reinforced concrete structures and members.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
• /
• 2017.04a
• /
• pp.136-136
• /
• 2017

By-products has been considered lately in Total Mixed Ration (TMR) as an alternative to livestock feed around the world. This is due to the high cost of using forage as feed, less expense in exploring by-products of agriculture origin and environmental concerns with their disposal. However, by-products usually contain contaminants and the production process requires fermentation using a storage and fermentation tank. Animal feed is the start point of the food safety chain in the 'farm-to-fork' model. This necessitated a study to model a protocol that will culminate to safe feed production. Hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP), a systematic preventive approach to food safety from biological, chemical and physical hazards in production processes that can cause the finished product to be unsafe was explored. Implementation of this model provides a mechanism that ensures product safety is continuously achieved. The entire production process of By-products feed production was evaluated using HACCP wizard software. This includes the plant layout, technical standards, storage and fermentation tank cleansing method, staff assignment, safety control method, and distribution. The potential biological, chemical, and physical hazards that may exist in every step of the production process were identified, and then critical control points (CCPs) were selected. This will ensure the safety of products made from livestock that consumes by-product feed. These includes cheese, milk, beef, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.5-15
• /
• 2011

This research performed the laboratory model tests for Top-Base Foundation developed in Japan and Floating Top-Base Foundation developed in Korea on the typical clayey soft soils, namely, clay, clayey silt and clayey sand. The performances of the two types of top-base foundation were compared with each other and evaluated by measuring load-settlement, heaving of foundation side, ground stress distribution in this model tests. The change of settlement caused by the increase of top base width was also analyzed. As a result of the model tests, Floating Top-Base Foundation showed better performance in bearing capacity improvement, settlement decrease, stress dispersion effect and lateral confinement force. And settlement caused by the increase of top base width converged to a regular value from $5{\times}5$ layout of the width.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.183-191
• /
• 2013

Prestress losses assumed for bridge girder design and deflection analyses are dependent on the concrete modulus of elasticity (MOE). Most design specifications, such as the American Association of State Highways and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) bridge specifications, contain a constant value for the MOE based on the unit weight of concrete and the concrete compressive strength at 28 days. It has been shown in the past that that the concrete MOE varies with the age of concrete. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a time-dependent and variable MOE on the prestress losses assumed for bridge girder design. For this purpose, three different variable MOE models from the literature were investigated: Dischinger (Der Bauingenieur 47/48(20):563-572, 1939a; Der Bauingenieur 5/6(20):53-63, 1939b; Der Bauingenieur, 21/22(20):286-437, 1939c), American Concrete Institute (ACI) 209 (Tech. Rep. ACI 209R-92, 1992) and CEB-FIP (CEB-FIP Model Code, 2010). A typical bridge layout for the Dallas, Texas, USA, area was assumed herein. A prestressed concrete beam design and analysis program from the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) was utilized to determine the prestress losses. The values of the time dependent MOE and also specific prestress losses from each model were compared. The MOE predictions based on the ACI and the CEB-FIP models were close to each other; in long-term, they approach the constant AASHTO value. Dischinger's model provides for higher MOE values. The elastic shortening and the long term losses from the variable MOE models are lower than that using a constant MOE up to deck casting time. In long term, the variable MOE-based losses approach that from the constant MOE predictions. The Dischinger model would result in more conservative girder design while the ACI and the CEB-FIP models would result in designs more consistent with the AASHTO approach.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• 2004.04a
• /
• pp.443-449
• /
• 2004

In this paper, we established a simulation model for transport vehicle that carries the container transportation between apron and yard block on automated container terminal with a perpendicular yard layout. Usually, the efficiency of container terminal is evaluated by productivity of container cranes at apron, and though there are enough support of transport vehicles and yard cranes, can improve the productivity of container cranes. Especially, transport vehicle is very important factor in productivity of container cranes and has variable work productivity according to loading and unloading situation of container cranes. Therefore, a method that can estimate work productivity of transport vehicle efficiently is required. We analyzed work productivity of transport vehicle using simulation model that has state transition of transport vehicle. We performed various simulation experiment and analyzed work productivity of transport vehicle and calculated the required number of transport vehicle by container crane additionally.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.20 no.12
• /
• pp.250-265
• /
• 2020

In the N-Screen environment, HTML5 standard-based content development is inevitable. However, it is still passive the development of HTML5 manipulation type contents due to high development cost and insufficient infrastructure. Therefor we propose an efficient contents development model by convergence multimedia contents (such as video and audio) with HTML5 documents that can implement dynamic manipulation for user interaction. The proposed model is designed to divide the multimedia and iframe areas in the HTML5 layout page included the player for integrated contents control. Interactive HTML5 documents are divided into screen units and provided through iframe. The integrated control player composed based on the HTML5

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.29-42
• /
• 2021

This study aimed to provide practical measures to help the relocation of schools by investigating and analyzing the trend of increasing number of students in the old city, the location of schools in the school district, and the distance to school. To this end, a model for the relocation of schools in the old city was derived by conducting prior research surveys and case area analysis. In order to derive the Planning Model of Elementary School Relocation in the Old city, the study first analyzes the mid- to long-term changes in the target area and the number of students by school, and places schools through a regionally customized school layout grid model presented in the study. In addition, the school relocation plan needs to be implemented by establishing a mid- to long-term school relocation plan in connection with the nearby urban readjustment project, etc.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.518-531
• /
• 1995

A study has been Peformed to investigate the thermal margin increase by replacing the single-channel analysis model with a multichannel analysis model. h new critical heat flux(CHF) correlation, which is applicable to a 17$\times$17 Korean Fuel Assembly(KOFA)-loaded core, was developed on the basis of the local conditions predicted by the subchannel analysis code, TORC. The hot sub-channel analysis was carried out by using one-stage analysis methodology with a prescribed nodal layout of the core. The result of the analysis shooed that more than 5％ of the thermal margin can be recovered by introducing the TORC/KRB-1 system(multichannel analysis model) instead of the PUMA/ERB-2 system(single-channel anal)sis model). The thermal margin increase was attributed not only to the effect of the local thermal hydraulic conditions in the hot subchannel predicted by the code, but also to the effect of the characteristics of the CHF correlation.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.100-105
• /
• 2012

In previous study, to investigate the impression of the compound lighting based on the AC-Model at the full-size room, the impressions of various compound lighting were completed as compared with that of the uniform lightings through the comparison method (a paired comparison) by Semantic Differential scaling. Also, we examined the effect of the supplementary lighting type increasing the lights at the side of the window and the blind-control lighting type, and they were compared with the existing compound lighting type. In results, pared comparison of the compound lighting and the uniform lighting, indicates that the impression of the compound lighting is generally similar to that of the uniform lighting when there are same ratios of the light from the window. Based on these results, we suggest that the AC-Model might be applied to various conditions. And we also introduce the method for daylighting that it is possible to reduce discomfort glare and to improve visual impressions as the supplementary type and blind-control type on the compound lighting. And it was found that electric power consumption of the compound lighting room was lower than that of the uniform lighting room when as same lighting ratio of the compound lighting and the uniform lighting from the window was provided or there was the lighting distribution simulated to same light ratio from the window. Since the method of the ACModel was described in the experimental condition, additional studies should be performed to determine if this model could be applied to different window configurations, lighting layout and types of a room.