• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.439-444
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• 2008

The techniques, which locate example motions in abstract parameter space and interpolate them to generate new motion with given parameters, are widely used in real-time animation system for its controllability and efficiency However, as the dimension of parameter space increases for more complex control, the number of example motions for parameterization increases exponentially. This paper proposes a method that uses two different parameter spaces to obtain decoupled control over upper-body and lower-body motion. At each frame time, each parameterized motion space produces a source frame, which satisfies the constraints involving the corresponding body part. Then, the target frame is synthesized by splicing the upper body of one source frame onto the lower body of the other. To generate corresponding source frames to each other, we present a novel scheme for time-warping. This decoupled parameterization alleviates the problems caused by dimensional complexity of the parameter space and provides users with layered control over the character. However, when the examples are parameterized based on their upper body's spatial properties, the parameters of the examples are varied individually with every change of its lower body. To handle this, we provide an approximation technique to change the positions of the examples rapidly in the parameter space.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.383-391
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• 2020

In this study, Hunt's analytical solution and Ward & Lough's analytical solution for two-layered leaky aquifer system were used to estimate stream depletions due to shallow and deep groundwater pumping, and their differences were compared. Depending on the combination of the separation distance between the stream and the well, the transmissivity and the storage coefficient of the aquifer, and the leakage coefficient between the upper and lower layers, the stream depletion, which is the amount of stream water reduction compared to the amount of groundwater pumping, for each of 45,000 cases was calculated for both shallow and deep groundwater pumping, and the differences were analyzed quantitatively. When the leakage coefficient was very small, with a value of 10^-61/d, the difference in the average five-year stream depletion due to the pumping of shallow and deep groundwater showed a large deviation of up to 0.9 depending on the given hydraulic characteristics; this value exponentially decreased as the stream depletion factor (SDF) increased. This exponential relationship gradually weakened as the leakage coefficient increased due to interaction effects between layers, resulting in a small difference of up to 0.2 when the leakage coefficient reached 10^-31/d. Under the condition of greater interlayer hydraulic connectivity, there was little influence of the depth of groundwater pumping on the stream water reduction.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.216-221
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• 2017

Reducing optical reflection in the visible light range, in order to increase the share of transmitted light and avoid the formation of ghost images in imaging, is important for polymer lens applications. In this study, polymer lenses with refractive indices of n=1.56, 1.60, and 1.67 were fabricated by the injection-molding method with a polymer lens monomer, dibutyltin dichloride as the catalyst and an alkyl phosphoric ester as the release agent. To investigate their anti-reflection (AR) effects, various AR coating structures, viz. a multi-layer AR coating structure, tri-layer AR coating structure with a discrete approximation Gaussian gradient-index profile, and tri-layer AR coating structure with a quarter-wavelength approximation, were designed and coated on the polymer lens by an E-beam evaporation system. The optical properties of the polymer lenses were characterized by UV-visible spectrometry. The material properties of the thin films, refractive index and surface roughness, were analyzed by ellipsometry and AFM, respectively. The most effective AR coating structure of the polymer lens with low refractive index, n=1.56, was the both side coating of multi-layer AR coating structure. However, both side coating of the tri-layered discrete approximation Gaussian gradient-index profile AR coating structure gave comparable results to the both side coating of the multi-layer AR coating structure for the polymer lens with a high refractive index of n=1.67.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.222-227
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• 2020

Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃(denoted as PZT) in the perovskite phase is used as a dielectric, piezoelectric, and super appetizer material owing to its ferroelectric properties. A PZT film was formed by an RF magnetron sputtering process by preparing a target composed of Pb_1.3(Zr_0.52Ti_0.48)O₃. The PZT film was formed by dividing the material into a mono-layer PZT produced continuously with the same sputtering power and a bi-layer PZT produced with two-stage sputtering power. The bi-layer PZT consisted of a lower layer produced under low-power sputtering conditions and an upper layer produced under the same conditions as the mono-layer PZT. XRD revealed small amounts of pyrochlore phase in the mono-layer PZT, but only the perovskite phase was detected in the bi-layer PZT. SEM and AFM revealed the upper part of the bi-layer PZT to be more compact and smooth. Moreover, the bi-layered PZT showed superior symmetry polarization and a significantly reduced leakage current of less than 1×10-5 A/cm². This phenomenon observed in bi-layer PZT was attributed to the induction of growth into a pure perovskite phase by suppressing the formation of a pyrochlore phase in the upper PZT layer where the densely formed lower PZT layer was produced sequentially.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.57-61
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• 2007

We designed and fabricated square coils of 4 layered structure on a PCB board. The size of the coils were $1{\times}1cm^2\;and\;$2{\times}2cm^2$. The line width of the fabricated coils was $100{\mu}m$. By reciprocating a magnet on the surface of a fabricated square coil which is composed of 4 layers, an alternating output voltage was obtained. We changed the vibrational frequency from 0.5 to 7 Hz. The generated voltages were 62 mV at $1{\times}1cm^2$ and 245 mV at $2{\times}2cm^2$ when 5.5 Hz frequency. We rectified and stepped up the output voltage using a quadrupler circuit and $2{\times}2cm^2$ coil. Before using the step up circuit, the measured voltage was 320 mV at 7 Hz. After using the step up circuit, the measured voltage was 400 mV at 7 Hz.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2014

To study the possible use of probiotics in fish farming, The in vitro and in vivo antibacterial effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa MB I-3 (MB I-3) against the fish pathogenic bacterium Listonella anguillarum were evaluated. The inhibitory effects of MB I-3 against vibrios were investigated by the double layer method and the co-culture. The results showed that MB I-3 inhibited the growth of pathogenic vibrios including Listonella anguillarum, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio fluvialis, Vibrio furnissii, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus. Extracellular substances obtained from the cultural supernatant of MB I-3 by ethyl acetate extraction showed inhibitory effects on L. anguillarum. The antibacterial substance of MB I-3 was evaluated to destroy the cell membrane of L. anguillarum in electron micrographs. The probiotic effects of MB I-3 was tested by exposing olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) fry to L. anguillarum with or without MB I-3. The cumulative mortality of olive flounder fry infected with L. anguillarum was 24% in the group with MB I-3, while it was 46% in the control group without MB I-3. These results indicate that MB I-3 has potential applications as a probiotic for the control of fish pathogenic vibrios in fish rearing system.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.173-182
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• 2009

In April 2008, KIGAM carried out an ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) survey in the central Ulleung Basin where strong bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) were revealed from previous surveys and some gas-hydrate samples were retrieved by direct sampling. The purpose of this survey is to estimate the velocity structure near the BSR in the gas hydrate prospect area using wide-angle seismic data recorded on the ocean-bottom seismometers. Along with the OBS survey, a 2-D seismic survey was performed whereby stratigraphic and preliminary velocity information was obtained. Two methods were applied to wide-angle data for estimating P wave velocity; one is velocity analysis in the $\tau$-p domain and the other is seismic traveltime inversion. A 1-D interval velocity profile was obtained by the first method, which was refined to layered velocity structure by the latter method. A layer stripping method was adopted for modeling and inversion. All velocity profiles at each OBS site clearly show velocity reversal at BSR depths due to the presence of gas hydrates. In addition, we could confirm high velocity in the column/chimney structure.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.175-184
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• 1996

A nuclide transfer by utilizing mass transfer coefficient and barrier response function defined for each barrier is proposed, by which the final nuclide transfer rate into the sea water can be evaluated. When simple and immediate quantification of the nuclide release is necessary in the conservative aspect, using this kind of approach may be advantageous since each layered barrier can be treated separately from other media in series in the repository system, making it possible to apply separate solutions in succession to other various media. Although one disadvantage is that while flux continuity can be maintained at the interface by using the exit nuclide flux from the first medium as the source flux for the next one, there may be no guarantee for concentration continuity, this problem could be eliminated assuming that there is no boundary resistance to mass transfer across the interface. Mass transfer coefficient can be determined by the assumption that the nuclide concentration gradient at the interface between adjacent barriers remains constant and barrier response function is obtained from an analytical expression for nuclide flow rate out of each barrier in response to a unit impulse into the barrier multiplied by mass transfer coefficient. Total time-dependent nuclide transfer rate from the barrier can then be obtained by convoluting the response function for the barrier with a previously calculated set of time-varying input of nuclide flow rate for the previous barrier.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.40 no.1 s.182
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• pp.67-85
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• 2007

We have performed the CSAMT survey to examine the geoelectrical structure and groundwater distribution for two survey lines across the south-eastern region of Jeju Island. Three kinds of 1-D inversion techniques were employed taking account of the geological situation around the observation sites, and their inversion results were concurrently compared and analyzed to improve the reliability of interpretation. The resultant inverted resistivity structures reveals the three-layered structure, which is composed of the layers with a high-low-lower resistivity from the surface downward. Through the comparison of the inverted resistivity model and core log of deep borehole nearby observation sites, the lithology of each inverted layer was inferred. The first layer and second layer corresponded to the basaltic layer with a thickness of $100{\sim}250m$, and the third layer to the Seoguipo Formation and the U Formation; the thickness of the Seoguipo Formation could not be estimated due to the limitation of investigation depth and little resistivity difference between both Formations. Nevertheless, the Seoguipo Formation, which is strongly associated with the groundwater system in the south-eastern region of Jeju Island, showed the conspicuous spatial continuity from the middle mountain area to coastal area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.167-174
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• 2001

Reflection method using ultrasonic source has been attempted to obtain the information about tunnel lining structures composed of lining, shotcrete, water barrier and voids at the back of lining. In this work, two different types of sources, i.e. single-pulse source and sweep source, can be used. Single-pulse source with short time duration has the frequency content whose amplitudes tend to be concentrated around the dominant frequency, whereas sweep source with long time duration denotes a flat distribution of relatively larger amplitude over a broad frequency band, although the peak to peak amplitude of single-pulse source wavelet is equivalent to that of sweep source one. In traditional seismic application, a single-pulse source(weight drop, dynamite) is typically used. However, to investigate the fine structure, as it is the case in the tunnel lining structure, the sweep wavelet can be also a desirable source waveform primarily due to the higher energy over a broad frequency band. For the investigation purposes of sweep source, a physical modeling is a useful tool, especially to study problems of wave propagation in the fine layered media. The main purpose of this work was using a physical modeling technique to explore the applicability of sweep source to the delineation of inner layer boundaries. To this end, a two-dimensional physical model analogous to the lining structure was built and a special ultrasonic sweep source was devised. The measurements were carried out in the sweep frequency range 10 ∼ 60 KHz, as peformed in the regular reflection survey(e.g. roll-along technique). The measured data were further rearranged with a proper software (cross-correlation). The resulting seismograms(raw data) showed quitely similar features to those from a single-pulse source, in which high frequency content of reflection events could be considerably emphasized, as expected. The data were further processed by using a regular data processing system "FOCUS" and the results(stack section) were well associated with the known model structure. In this context, it is worthy to note that in view of measuring condition the sweep source would be applied to benefit the penetration of high frequency energy into the media and to enhance the resolution of reflection events.