• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 1974

Hot air thin layer drying method was studied for red pepper, Capsicum annum var. longum as the whole and cut pod states, at various temperature and air velocities. Drying curve of whole pod showed a settling down period followed by the first and second falling rate periods. By lowering the drying temperature, the first falling rate period approached to a constant rate one. Cut drying curve had simple falling rate period and also cut drying method could effectively shorten the drying time. Drying rate constant, k, was varied with time for both the drying methods and the plots of k vs. time in two methods sugested the different drying mechanisms. When an average k was taken as a constant value, the following equations; $M-M_e/M_o-M_e=e^{-0.118t}$ and $M-M_e/M_o-M_e=e(-0.342t^{0.128})$ were applicable for whole and cut drying, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.109-115
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to estimate the sediment volume concentration of the liquified-solid mixture which is included fine sediment fractions, according to the variance of the channel slope and the water supply. The numerical model was performed by using the Finite Differential Element Method (FDM) based on the equation for the mass conservation, momentum conservation and the equation of coarse sediment an fine sediment. In comparison of varying the channel slope, the deeper the channel slope, the inflection point of the sediment concentration was occurred rapidly. In comparison of variance of the water supply, as the water supply increases fluctuation with high sediment concentration. In this situation, debris flow changes to the turbulent flow and the sediment becomes to be floated. In comparison varying the length paved saturated sediment, the longer the length, the high concentration of sediment occurred, for the safety of the slope it is needed to check the possibility of the erosion in the slope by debris flow. The results of this study will provide useful information in predicting of the disaster by the liquified-solid mixture and in prevention of the debris flow with various the slope in the mountain side.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.162-167
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• 2005

Using Pechini method, we synthesized the $La_{0.6}Ca_{0.41}CrO_3$ (LCC41) and $La_{0.8}Sr_{0.05}Ca_{0.15}CrO_3$ (LSCC) powders for slurry dip coating, and $La_{0.75}Ca_{0.27}CrO_3$ (LCC27) powder for air plasma spray coating. The sintering property of the powders and their coating properties were investigated. The average particle sizes of the LCC41, LSCC, LCC27 were 0.6, 0.9, $1.5{\mu}m$, respectively. The relative density of LCC41 bulk was to be found about 98%. The LSCC coating on anode support prevented Ca migration of the coated LCC41 on the anode some or less, which was confirmed from EDS result. The air plasma spray-coated LCC27 with the dip-coated LCC41 were more dense and showed better electrical conductivity than those of the air plasma spray-coated LCC27 and the dip-coated LSCC and LSCC41. The LCC41 and LCC27 showed good electrical conductivities, but the LSCC had a poor electrical conductivity probably due to low sinterability

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.91-101
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• 2014

In this study, we presented a timing verification method for a passenger car diesel engine management system (EMS) using measurement-based worst-case execution time (WCET) analysis. In order to cope with AUTOSAR-compliant software architecture, a development process model is proposed. In the process model, a runnable is regarded as a test unit and its temporal behavior (i.e. maximum observed execution time, MOET) is obtained along with on-target functionality evaluation results during online unit test. Furthermore, a cost-effective framework for online unit test is proposed. Because the runtime environment layer and the standard calibration environment are utilized to implement test interface, additional resource consumption of the target processor is minimized. Using the proposed development process model and unit test framework, the MOETs of 86 runnables for diesel EMS are obtained with 213 unit test cases. Using the obtained MOETs of runnables, the WCETs of tasks are estimated and the schedulability is evaluated. From the schedulability analysis results, the problems of the initially designed schedule table is recognized and it is fixed by redesigning of the runnable mapping and task offset. Through the various test scenarios, the proposed method is validated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.459-467
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• 2014

The importance of fusion and association using established spatial information has increased gradually with the production and supply of various spatial data by public institutions. The generation of necessary spatial information without field investigation and additional surveying can reduce time, labor, and financial costs. However, the study of the integration of the newly introduced road name address map with the digital map is very insufficient. Even though the use of the road name address map is encouraged for public works related to spatial information, the digital map is still widely used because it is the national basic map. Therefore, in this study, building matching and update were performed to associate the digital map with the road name address map. After geometric calibration using the block-based ICP (Iterative Closest Point) method, multi-scale corresponding pair searching with hierarchical clustering was applied to detect the multi-type match. The accuracy assessment showed that the proposed method is more than 95% accurate and the matched building layer of the two maps is useful for the integrated application and fusion. In addition, the use of the road name address map, which carries the latest and most frequently renewed data, enables cost-effective updating of new buildings.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2007

In order to have a superconductive connection between the wire-wound pickup coil and input coil, typically Nb terminal blocks with screw holes are used. Since this connection structure occupies large volume, large stray pickup area can be generated which can pickup external noise fields. Thus, SQUID and connection block are shielded inside a superconducting tube, and this SQUID module is located at some distance from the distal coil of the gradiometer to minimize the distortion or imbalance of uniform background field due to the superconducting module. To operate this conventional SQUID module, we need a higher liquid He level, resulting in shorter refill interval. To make the fabrication of gradiometers simpler and refill interval longer, we developed a novel method of connecting the pickup coil into the input coil. Gradiometer coil wound of 0.125-mm diameter NbTi wires were glued close to the input coil pads of SQUID. The superconductive connection was made using an ultrasonic bonding of annealed 0.025-mm diameter Nb wires, bonded directly on the surface of NbTi wires where insulation layer was stripped out. The reliability of the superconductive bonding was good enough to sustain several thermal cycling. The stray pickup area due to this connection structure is about $0.1\;mm^2$, much smaller than the typical stray pickup area using the conventional screw block method. By using this compact connection structure, the position of the SQUID sensor is only about 20-30 mm from the distal coil of the gradiometer. Based on this compact module, we fabricated a magnetocardiography system having 61 first-order axial gradiometers, and measured MCG signals. The gradiometers have a coil diameter of 20 mm, and the baseline is 70 mm. The 61 axial gradiometer bobbins were distributed in a hexagonal lattice structure with a sensor interval of 26 mm, measuring $dB_z/dz$ component of magnetocardiography signals.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.198-210
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• 2006

POM(Princeton Ocean Model) was utilized in this study because it took ${\sigma}-coordinate$ system which could predict the behavior of bottom water. The model has been increasingly applied to costal area although it was initially developed as the ocean flow model. The original POM did not correct computational errors in transformation of ${\sigma}-coordinate$ system. The trying to reduce conversional errors might improve accuracy of flow velocity in vicinities of bottom layer. Therefore, in this study it was proposed to modify the original POM by using error correction method suggested by $Sl{\Phi}rdal$(1997). The modified POM was applied to Young-rang Lake, one of the typical brackish lakes in Korea. It was found that the behavior of bottom water could be well predicted. Thus, it seems that the modified POM can be used as a useful tool to clarify the mechanism of formation and behavior of bottom water including oxygen-deficient water mass.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.37-45
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• 2000

In recent years two reflection methods, i.e. GPR and seismic Impact-Echo, are usually performed to obtain the information about tunnel lining structures composed of concrete lining, shotcrete, water barrier, and voids at the back of lining. However, they do not lead to a desirable resolution sufficient for the inspection of tunnel safety, due to many problems of interest including primarily (1) inner thin layers of lining structure itself in comparison with the wavelength of source wavelets, (2) dominant unwanted surface wave arrivals, (3) inadequate measuring strategy. In this sense, seismic physical modeling is a useful tool, with the use of the full information about the known physical model, to handle such problems, especially to study problems of wave propagation in such fine structures that are not amenable to theory and field works as well. Thus, this paper deals with various results of seismic physical modeling to enable to show a possibility of detecting the inner layer boundaries of tunnel lining structures. To this end, a physical model analogous to a lining structure was built up, measured and processed in the same way as performed in regular reflection surveys. The evaluated seismic section gives a clear picture of the lining structure, that will open up more consistent direction of research into the development of an efficient measuring and processing technology.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.271-287
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• 2013

In this study, more convenient model(S-model) for predicting ground surface settlement is developed through comparing field monitoring data of the domestic subway applied shield TBM method with conventional equation & numerical analysis. Sample stations are chosen from whole of excavation section and lateral & vertical ground surface settlement characteristic with excavation are analysed. Based on analysis result, through the comparison with actual monitoring data, the model that is possible to compute maximum surface settlement and settlement influence area is suggested with assumption that lateral surface settlement forms are composed relaxed zone and elastic zone. In addition, vertical ground surface settlement patterns with excavation are similar to cubic-function and S-model with assumption that coefficients are function of tunnel diameter and depth is suggested. Consequently, the ground surface settlement patterns are significantly similar to actual monitoring data and numerical method result. Thus, as a result, when tunnels are excavated using sheild TBM through rather soft weathered soil & rock layer, prediction of ground surface settlement with excavation using convenient S-model is practicable.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.284-289
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• 2011

Prismatic reflective sheets were prepared using microprisms, and their retroreflection and structural properties were investigated and compared with encapsulated lens type reflective sheets based on glass beads. As prepared, the prismatic reflective sheets show well arranged array of microprisms. The arrangement of glass beads in encapsulated lens type reflective sheets is also found to be uniform without any cracks. However, during the coating process of the PET layer, the beads are coming out and the gaps are formed due to the application of high pressure. Even though the preparation method for reflective sheets based on microprisms is similar to that of reflective sheets based on glass beads, the method is relatively simple and cost effective, and also needs less time. Prismatic reflective sheets show higher coefficient of retroreflection from all entrance angles compared to reflective sheets based on glass beads. The results prove that the prismatic reflective sheets can be used for preparing the traffic sign boards to secure a clear view.