• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.15
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• pp.109-122
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• 2009

Cultural policy, a part of ideological policy has affected remarkable changes in movie and animation. Korean animation was called cartoon movie and popular only among children, but works dealing with anti-communism ideology have been introduced in Korea since before/after 1970s. Animation focusing on ideology is not unique in Korea, but division of two Koreas after Korean War made great influence on social, cultural and educational aspects of the nation. Moreover, modification in movie-related laws and regulations made in 1960s - 1970s affected movie and animation significantly and is a means of strengthening anti-communism. In particular, Director Cheong-gi Kim's released in 1978 is meaningful in that it is the first long piece of animation movie. In this study, I clarify anticommunistic ideology reflected on the anticommunistic animations and the imageable expression of ideology reflected on . Most of all, I emphasize on clarifying how the cultural policies and social & cultural background influence on the advent of anticommunistic animation in 1960${\sim}$1970. Also, to communicate anticommunistic ideology reflected on produced under the social & cultural background, I clarify the expressive characteristic which the image of animation has.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 2008

It is increasingly recognized that the construction equipment play an important role as resources in construction process. The number of registered construction equipment in korea is over 320,000 according to the statistics. It is obvious that the machine-intensive construction method achieves productivity and quality improvement as well as safety. The main objective of this paper is to propose improvement plans for construction equipment management system in terms of scope, registration, inspection, rental business, operating licenses, and etc., which are the major issues described in the Construction Equipment Management Law. In order to satisfy the objective, this research conduct survey and interview with experts, and literature review on domestic and overseas related laws and regulations. The results of the research are about 20 issues for improvement plans for the better management system, so the further in-depth study on each issue will be recommended for the practical application to the law.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.592-600
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• 2012

Social reactions to body exposure in American leisure wear (bathing suits, shorts, and halters) in the 1930s were analyzed to provide an understanding of the process of adopting more abbreviated and less-occasion specific styles of garments in women's fashion. The research questions were as follow: How did women expose their bodies in leisure wear during the 1930s? How did the social reaction to women's body exposure in leisure wear change throughout the 1930s? How did the body exposure in women's leisure wear play a significant role in the history of women's fashion? Primary sources were collected from issues of The New York Times published in the 1930s. Topics including dress, fashion, ethics, social ethics, and sexual ethics, were reviewed in The New York Times indices. The findings were analyzed and interpreted with reference to secondary sources that included books and research papers. The results showed that the body exposure of the styles as well as the place where these styles were worn was a public issue. Women were criticized and regulated for body exposure as well as for wearing bathing suits, shorts, and halters on the streets. However, the social regulations that restricted bathing suit styles almost disappeared by the end of the decade. This represented the change of social expectations toward body exposure in the 1930s. In addition, reports of laws that forbade the wearing of bathing suits, halters, and shorts outside of beaches, pools, and parks indicated women's increased attempts to expose their bodies in public places. However, reactions to women's body exposure in leisure wear changed to accept more flexibility in the social customs throughout the decade. These phenomena were a partial step toward the popularization of less occasion-specific styles - sportswear - that took place in the 20th century.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.191-199
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• 2012

Rainwater harvesting systems (RWHS), one of measures for on site rainwater management, have been promoted by laws, regulations and guidelines and have been increased. However, more evaluation of economic feasibility on RWHS is still needed due to seasonal imbalance of rainfall and little experiences and analysis on design and operation of RWHS. In this study, we investigated tank capacity of RWHS to secure economic validity considering catchment area and water demand, which is affected by building scale. Moreover, sensitivity analysis was performed to examine the effect of design factors, cost items and increase rate of water service charge on economic feasibility. The BCR (benefit cost ratio) is proportional to the increase in tank capacity. It is increased steeply in small tank capacity due to the effect of cost and, since then, gently in middle and large tank capacity. In case of 0.05 in the rate of tank volume to catchment area and 0.005 in water demand to catchment area, BCR was over one from the tank capacity of 160 $m^{3}$ taking into account of private benefits and from the tank capacity of 100 $m^{3}$ taking into account of private and public benefits. Sensitivity analysis shows that increase of water demand can improve BCR values with little cost so that it is needed to extend application of rainwater use and select a proper range of design factor. Decrease of construction and maintenance cost reduced the tank volume to secure economic validity. Finally, increase rate of water service charge had considerable impact on economic feasibility.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.409-420
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• 2015

In this study, I researched, analysed and compared the examples of civilian maritime search and rescue auxiliaries of world leading countries' such as Japan and America, and the Korean volunteer fire fighting team. Through this, I suggest that the decentralized civilian maritime search and rescue forces of Maritime Rescue and Salvage Association and KCG Civilian Auxiliary should be united into unified search and rescue system and establish legal basis for stabilized support and development. It seem that we should organize laws and regulations for the government to have centralized control of rescue mission as in the cases of America and Canada and elivate rescue mission capability with systemized education and training entrusted to specialized external training organization. I proposed to establish financial support such as fund for the stabilized status of civilian auxiliary, domestic and overseas training session for the civilian auxiliary to inspire integrity and sense of duty as a part of maritime search and rescue forces.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.24-36
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• 2020

To solve social problems such as traffic accidents caused by human driver factors and to guarantee the convenience of movement, research on the commercialization of automated vehicles is being actively conducted worldwide. In automated driving levels 2 and 3, the driver must be ready to drive at any time as the automated driving system sometimes requires manual driving by the driver. The purpose of this research is to analyze the trends in global automated vehicle guidelines and prepare guidelines for the characteristics of human factors necessary for the control rights transition system of automated vehicles. To this end, we reviewed at the guidelines for automated vehicles in the US, Germany, and Japan; ISO international standards; domestic automated vehicle standards; and the EU AdaptiVe project. In addition, a guideline is presented that can be referenced and applied by organizations related to automated vehicle manufacturing and operation. It was developed by utilizing the results of our studies on the human factors affecting the guideline of control rights transition. As national laws and regulations and continuous technology development for commercialization of automated vehicles are in progress, further research into and the revision of guidelines for safe automated vehicle production and use should be continued.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.455-464
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• 2020

Objectives: The distribution of hospitals in Korea is unbalanced in terms of accessibility. Many local public health centers (PHCs) exempt out-of-pocket payments (OOPs) based on local government laws to increase coverage. However, this varies across administrative regions, as many make this exemption for the elderly, while others do not. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the OOP exemption at local PHCs among elderly individuals. Methods: This study used online data on Korean national law to gather information on individual local governments' regulations regarding OOP exemptions. Individual-level data were gathered from the 2018 Community Health Survey and regional-level data from public online sources. Results: The study analyzed 132 regions and 44 918 elderly people. A statistical analysis of rate differences and 2-level multiple logistic regression were carried out. The rate difference according to whether elderly individuals resided in areas with the OOP exemption was 1.97%p (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07 to 2.88) for PHC utilization, 1.37%p (95% CI, 0.67 to 2.08) for hypertension treatment, and 2.19%p (95% CI, 0.63 to 3.74) for diabetes treatment. The regression analysis showed that OOP exemption had an effect on hypertension treatment, with a fixed-effect odds ratio of 1.25 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.48). Conclusions: The OOP exemption at PHCs can affect medical utilization in Korea, especially for hypertension treatment. The OOP exemption should be expanded to improve healthcare utilization in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.317-336
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• 1999

Official nursing education of Korea under Japanese rule began in order to make the communication possible among Japanese medical men and Korean patients. It could generate high standard nurses from the beginning. Nurses licensure began in 1914 and the graduates of official nursing schools could get nurses licensure without further test. Official nursing education became the standard of R.N. education. The curriculum emphasized on Japanese and ethics first, and in order to produce nurse, practice second. In 1920 the shortage of nurse became serious problem, so the Japanese colonial authorities set up 5 official nursing school in large scale. In 1922 they revised the relevant laws and regulations to make the nursing licensure pass all over Japanese ruling area. 8-year preliminary education and 2 year curriculum became standard of official nursing education after then. Other nursing schools should satisfy this standard to let their graduate get nurses licensure without further test. Curriculum was revised to satisfy the dual goal of 'good housewife' and 'good nurse'. Every official nursing school tried to raise educational standard Nursing science was specialized and more emphasis was put on the occupational education. From the late 1930s, Japanese desperately needed additional manpower to replenish the dwindling ranks of their military and labor forces. They tried to produce more nurses by increase nursing school. Students had to do wartime work instead of study. Younger students could enter nursing school, and general school could produce R.N. In conclusion, nursing education of Korea under Japanese rule was determined by the official nursing education. The Japanese colonial authorities lead the official nursing education. It made nursing education fixed early and produced high standard R.N. But it made nursing education withdraw in late Japanese rule period. Nursing education of Korea began quite weak in the need of nursing and Korea herself. The weakness became a subject of nursing education of Korea after Japanese rule to produce better R.N..

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.514-526
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• 2003

Sungkyunkwan was the highest national education institute of confucianism in the Chosun dynasty. from the historical view of foodservice in Korea, Sungkyunkwan dining room(進士食堂) might be the oldest systematized school foodservice and it was thought that the Korean word of dining room(食堂) was originated from this. The Sungkyunkwan dining room was built in the period of King Tae-jong(太宗) in 1413 and developed during 500 years through the Chosun dynasty. The dining room was not only an eating place but also providing the specific food culture of students. About 200 students studied in Sungkyunkwan and they lived together, and the government of the dynasty made many rules and by-laws to regulate them. Wonjeom(圓點) regulation was one of them. Wonjeom(圓點) was recorded in the register of attendance(到記) in the dining room and the students could obtain 1 point if they attended at the dining room in the morning and the evening in one day. If the students did not obtain the certain points of Wonjeom, they were not qualified for the national examination(大科). And there were so many eating customs and self-regulations in the dining room they were referred in many literatures, such as ${\ulcorner}$the true records of the Chosun dynasty(朝鮮王朝實錄)${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$Taehak-Ji(太學志)${\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}$Banjungiabyoung${\lrcorner}$. In this study, poems in $\boxDr$Banjungjabyoung$\boxUl$, about the Sungkyunkwan dining room and the eating customs such as the eating etiquettes, the daily 8 menu items, the special menus and the special day food, and the bestowal foods of King were reviewed.

• Architectural research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

These days the copyright plays a significant role in various fields of creative works and it has expanded dramatically into unprecedented ways. In Korea, architectural works copyright cases are rare due to the lack of information and understanding of the architectural works copyright. Architectural works copyright can promote architects' creative activities and enhance the quality of architectural works as art. Nevertheless, there is little effort to advance the studies of architectural works copyright in the architectural design area. Under these circumstances, this research attempts to share the basic case laws and remedies for various architectural works copyright issues in the U.S. cases. This Article examines the Thomas Shine v. David M. Childs and Skidmore Owings & Merrill, LLP Case which is the most recent case as I could reach. This case is about a story between two architects, one is from a very prestigious architectural design firm and the other, once Yale Architectural student, now practices his design work as an up-and-coming architect. A close examination of this case will provide a legal and architectural spectrum of copyright. That is, it will make it more specific how to solve the copyright infringement. Artistic and technological contexts are overlapped in Architectural works copyright as its inherent characteristics. Therefore, different ways from other copyrighted works are needed to access the untangled equations of the architectural works copyright protection. In addition, more comprehensible and specific regulations that can impose a remedy more suited to the architectural works copyright violations are needed and they should enable architects to fulfill their architectural activities under wide range of copyright protection. Moreover, in prior to all efforts to handle those equations, fundamental knowledge of architectural works copyright is required to improve the copyright protection in the architectural design area as well as to provide for the globalizing design practice. Ultimately, all of these efforts will be rewarded when constant researches based on Korean and other countries' architectural copyright cases can support them and it would be great if this research can set the stage for resolving expected copyright conflicts within the architectural design area.