• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.406-412
• /
• 1984

잣(Pinus koraiensis S & Z)에서 얻은 총지질 성분을 silicic acid column chromatography에 의해 중성지질, 당지질, 인지질로 분획 정량하고, 다시 이 분획된 성분을 thin layer chromatography 로써 재분리시켜 구성성분들을 분별하고 scanner에서 정량하였으며, 각 획분별 지방산 조성을 gas chromatography로써 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 잣지질의 구성은 중성지질이 총지질의 $95.9{\sim}96.7%$, 당지질이 $2.5{\sim}3.2%$, 인지질이 $0.8{\sim}0.9%$였으며, 중성지질에서는 triglyceride(80.8%), diglyceride(6.3%), free fatty acid(5.2%), sterol(4.6%) ,sterol ester 및 hydrocarbon 등이 분별 정량되었으며, 이 중 triglyceride가 주된 물질이었다. 당지질에서는 monogalactosyl diglyceride 및 esterified sterylglycoside(23.5%), cerebroside 및 steryl glycoside(7.8%), digalactosyl diglyceride(2.3%) 등이 분별정량되였고, 인지질의 획분에서는 phosphatidyl cho-line(40.2%), phosphatidyl ethanolamine(19.4%), phosphatidyl inositol(7.3%), lysophosphatidyl choline(5.8%), phosphatidyl serine(2.6%) 등이 분별 정량되었다. 2) 각 분획된 지질의 지방산 조성은 중성지질의 경우 linoleic acid(48.7%), oleic acid(28.8%), arachidic acid(14.4%), palmitic acid(5.7%), stearicacid(1.84%), linolenic acid(0.7%), myristic acid(0.1% 이하), lauric acid(0.1% 이하) 등이 분리 정량되었으며, 당지질과 인지질에서도 linoleic acid, oleic acid등이 주성분으로 이루어져 있었다. 그러나 인지질의 경우 palmitic acid(17.7%)와 stearic acid(6.0%)의 함량이 다른 지질획분에 비해 다소 많았다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제9권
• /
• pp.29-33
• /
• 1968

1. 미강유중(米糠油中)의 함존지방산(含存脂肪酸)은 Oleic acid, Linoleic acid, Palmitic acid의 순(順)으로 함량(含量)이 많으며 이상(以上) 3종(種) 지방산(脂肪酸)이 주성분(主成分)을 이루고 있다. Stearic acid, myristic acid와 Linolenic acid는 극소량(極少量) 함유(含有)되어 있을 뿐이며 $C_{12}$ 이상(以上)의 산(酸)은 그 흔적(痕迹)이 보이지 않았다. 2. 표준(標準) 지방산(脂肪酸) Methyl로서 구(求)한 보정계수(補正係數)는 포화지방산(飽和脂肪酸)에 있어서 $C_{18}$까지는 탄소수(炭素數)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 커지고 또 동일탄소수(同一炭素數)의 지방산(脂肪酸)에 있어서는 이중결합(二重結合)의 수(數)에 따라 커지고 있다. 3. 지방산(脂肪酸) Methyl Ester의 Retention time의 대수치(對數値)는 포화산(飽和酸)의 탄소수(炭素數), 또는 같은 탄소수(炭素數)의 지방산(脂肪酸)에 있어서 그 이중결합(二重結合)의 수(數)와의 사이에 직선관계(直線關係)가 있다는 것을 확인(確認)했다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제36권5호
• /
• pp.321-329
• /
• 2006

Albuterol, a selective ${\beta}_2$-adrenergic receptor stimulant, has been introduced as a potent bronchodilator for patients with bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive bronchial disease, chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema. The percutaneous permeation of albuterol sulfate was investigated in hairless mouse skin in vitro with and without pretreatment with enhancers. The enhancing effects of ethanol and various penetration enhancers such as terpenes, non-ionic surfactants, pyrrolidones, and fatty acids on the permeation of albuterol sulfate were evaluated using Franz diffusion cells. Among terpenes studied, 1,8-cineole was the most effective enhancer, which increased the permeability of albuterol sulfate approximately 33-fold compared with the control without enhancer pretrement, followed by d-limonene with enhancement ratio of 21.79. 2-Pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid increased the permeability of albuterol sulfate approximately 5.5-fold compared with the control. Other pyrrolidones tested showed only slight permeability enhancing effect with enhancement ratio less than 2.8. Nonionic surfactants showed moderate enhancing effects. Lauric acid increased the permeability of albuterol sulfate approximately 30-fold with decreasing the lag time from 2.85 to 0.64 hr. Oleic acid and linoleic acid showed enhancement ratio of 24.55 and 22.91, respectively. These findings would allow a more rational approach for designing formulations for the transdermal delivery of albuterol sulfate and similar drugs.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제32권12호
• /
• pp.965-972
• /
• 2023

As the world population growth and economy develops, the importance of eco-friendly organic waste resource treatment and up-cycling increases. Black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) treats organic waste resources that allows it to be recycled as a feed resource. In this study, we analyzed the nutrients composition, amino acid, and fatty acids of BSF larvae fed three agricultural by-products, namely apple pomace, mandarin waste, and oriental melon waste (mainly generated in South Korea). The highest BSF larvae crude protein and amino acid content was obtained in those fed mandarin waste compared with the other two diets (apple pomace and oriental melon waste). BSF larvae fed apple pomace had the highest crude fat, fatty acid, and lauric acid content compared with the other BSF larvae. Furthermore, all crude protein and fat content of BSF larvae fed the three agricultural by-products exceed that of the original agricultural by-products.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.141-153
• /
• 1991

Free amino acid(FAA), free fatty acid(FFA), and amino acid obtained by hydrolysis of protein components of cystic fluid(CF) of Cysticercus cellulosae in pig and man were analyzed. FFA was analyzed by gas chromatography using Varian model 2700, and flame ionization detector with 6 feet${\times}$1/4inch glass column. Flow rate of $N_2$ was 30 ml/min, $H_2$ was 30 ml/min, air was 350 ml/min respectively and chart speed was 1 cm/min. Amino acid was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography using Waters model 441, and fluorescence detector at 338nm/425nm with column of amino acid analyzer. Buffer A of mobile phase was pH 3.05 and pH of buffer B was 9.6 respectively. The results obtained were as follows : Seven FFAs containing 12~18 carbons were detected : Saturated fatty acids were lauric acid ($C_{12}$), myristic acid($C_{14}$), palmitic acid($C_{16}$), Stearic acid($C_{18}$). Unsaturated fatty acids were oleic acid($C_{12}^{=1}$), linoleic acid($C_{12}^{=2}$), and one unidentified fatty acid was detected. Generally much more quantity of FFA was determined in CF obtained from pig than that from man. FFA of the largest quantity was palmitic acid; 0.078 mg/ml. Eighteen FAAs were detected and the largest quantity was alanine. Ouantity of alanine was 386 ug/ml in CF from pig 108 ug/ml in CF from man respectively. while histidine in CF from pig was 273 ug/ml, that from man was only 4.3 ug/ml. Eighteen amino acids were identified by hydrolysis of protein in CF from man. But, histidine was not identified in CF from pig. Amino from pig and ug/ml from man.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.575-583
• /
• 2011

구운 마늘의 생리활성 기능과 이용 가능성에 관한 연구의 일환으로 구운 마늘의 영양성분 및 생리활성 성분을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 일반성분은 건물량 기준으로 수분 5.30%, 조단백질 36.89%, 조지방 12.60%, 조회분 4.36%, 식이섬유소 2.88% 및 탄수화물 37.97%였다. 구성당은 총 6종의 유리당 중 galactose 61.59 mg/100 g만이 검출되었으며, 구성 아미노산은 glutamic acid 함량이 5,275.00 mg/100 g로 가장 높았고, 다음으로 aspartic acid, arginine, ammonia, lysine, proline, valine, leucine 순이었으며 총 아미노산에 대한 필수아미노산의 비율은 36.60%로 나타났다. 구성 지방산은 linoleic acid, oleic acid, lauric acid 및 linolenic acid가 구운 마늘의 주요 지방산으로 전체 지방산의 96.50%로 나타났고, 불포화지방산이 85.22%로 포화지방산에 비하여 약 5.8배 높게 함유하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 유기산은 총 3종의 유기산이 검출되었는데, 이 중 oxalic acid 함량이 가장 많았고, 다음으로 benzoic acid, formic acid 순이었었다. 비타민 A, C 및 E의 함량은 각각 0.064 mg/100 g, 1.452 mg/100 g 및 0.037 mg/100 g로 모두 미량 검출되었으며, 비타민 C의 함량이 가장 높게 나타났다. 무기질은 K 함량이 980.80 mg/100 g로 가장 많이 함유되어 있었고, 다음으로 Mg, Ca 순이었으며 Na, Zn, Fe는 미량 검출되었다. 총 polyphenol, flavonoids 및 thiosulfates 함량은 각각 2.85 mg/100 g, 0.97 mg/100 g 및 0.61 OD/g 이었다.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.295-302
• /
• 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Thai native cattle grazing in the lowland or mountain forest on carcass characteristics, meat quality, sensory palatability, and chemical composition. Methods: Twelve male Thai native cattle with an average weight of 110±10 kg are allowed to be grazing in the lowland or Phu Phan mountain forest during the rainy season in northeastern Thailand. Results: The carcass characteristics, meat pH, and meat color were unaffected by treatment (p>0.05). The boiling loss was lower in the cattle grazing on the mountain forest (p = 0.027). The cattle grazing in the mountain forest had increased shear force (p = 0.039), tenderness (p = 0.011), and flavor intensity (p = 0.003). The protein and fat were higher (p<0.001 and p = 0.035, respectively) in cattle grazing in the mountain forest. The different grazing systems of the cattle had no effect (p>0.05) fatty acids in meat, except for capric acid (C10:0) and lauric acid (C12:0), which were higher (p = 0.046 and p = 0.049, respectively) when the cattle were grazing in the mountain forest. The different grazing systems did not influence (p>0.05) the unsaturated fatty acids in meat. Conclusion: Thai native cattle grazing in the Phu Phan mountain forest in the rainy season improves meat quality, sensory evaluation, and chemical composition.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제46권10호
• /
• pp.1205-1215
• /
• 2017

본 실험은 가공식품에서 폭넓게 이용되고 있는 식용유지인 hydrogenated palm kernel oil(HPKO)과 대칭형 triacylglycerol(TAG)로 주로 구성된 shea butter 및 두 유지의 blends를 대상으로 가수분해율을 비교하여 어떤 특성이 가수분해율에 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 녹는 온도가 서로 유사한 HPKO와 shea butter의 blending 비율을 다르게 할 경우 in vitro digestion에 의한 가수분해율에 차이가 있는지를 알아보았다. Shea butter의 complete melting point는 $34.5^{\circ}C$였으며, HPKO는 $39.5^{\circ}C$였다. In vitro digestion 실험 결과 shea butter blending 비율이 높아질수록 가수분해율이 낮아졌으며 2:8, 1:9(HPKO : shea butter) blending 유지는 shea butter와 비슷한 가수분해율을 보였다. HPKO에서 유래된 medium chain triacylglycerol(MCT)로 이뤄진 medium-medium-medium(MMM)은 가수분해율과 양의 상관관계를 나타냈으나 shea butter에서 유래하는 long chain fatty acid로 구성된 saturated-unsaturated-saturated(SUS)나 saturated-saturated-unsaturated(SSU)는 유지의 가수분해와 음의 상관관계를 가졌다. 또한, HPKO에서 유래된 lauric acid, myristic acid와 palmitic acid는 TAG 내 위치에 상관없이 함량이 높아질수록 가수분해율이 높아졌으며, shea butter에서 유래되고 비교적 탄소수가 긴 oleic acid의 경우 분포되는 위치에 상관없이 유지 내 함량이 많을수록 가수분해율이 낮아지는 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 반면 stearic acid의 경우에는 sn-1, 3에 위치한 함량에 따라 가수분해가 저해되는 경향을 보였다. 인체 내에서의 소화 과정은 매우 복잡하고 많은 요인의 영향을 받기 때문에 단편적으로 어떤 유지 특성들이 가수분해율에 영향을 미치는지 단언할 수 없다. 그런데도 본 실험에서의 결과는 난 소화성 유지 개발의 기초자료로 사용될 수 있고, 식품 산업에 이용될 때 영양학적으로 유익한 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.143-150
• /
• 2005

Solid lipid nanoparticles(SLNs) are particulate systems for parenteral drug administration and have good biocompatibility and stability. SLNs were prepared with lauric acid, as the lipid core. Tween 20 and tween 80 were used as surfactant. 5-fluorouracil and l-benzoyl-5-fluorouracil were used as model drugs. Drug-loaded SLNs were prepared by the hot homogenization technique in order to evaluate the physical stability, entrapment efficiency of drugs as well as release profile. The particle size of SLNs was $40{\sim}600$ nm. By increasing speed, the mean particle size of SLNs was decreased. And entrapment efficiency in the case of using 1-Benzoyl-5-fluorouracil was higher than using 5-Fluorouracil. The higher surfactant concentration, the faster release rate at the range of $1.5{\sim}2.5%$.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제35권9호
• /
• pp.1408-1417
• /
• 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether dietary black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, HI) larvae oil (HILO) could serve as an alternative fat source to soybean oil (SBO) in laying hen diets. Methods: We randomly assigned 25-week-old Hy-line Brown laying hens (n = 144) to receive (n = 6 hens/group; eight replicates) a control or an experimental diet in which SBO was replaced with 50% (50HILO) or 100% HILO (100HILO). Results: Dietary HILO did not negatively affect body weight or productive performance during the study. The eggs also had similar quality parameters, proximate composition, and cholesterol levels. However, the yolk color index was significantly higher (p<0.01) in the 100HILO than in the other groups. Dietary HILO significantly altered the composition of fatty acids (FAs) in abdominal fat and eggs. Total saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and total polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) were significantly increased and decreased in the 50HILO and 100HILO groups, respectively, compared with those in the control group (p<0.001 and p<0.0001, respectively). Specifically, the medium-chain FAs lauric and myristic acids were remarkably increased in the abdominal fat of laying hens fed HILO (p<0.0001), whereas only myristic acid increased in eggs (p<0.0001). Undesirable heavy metal (aluminum, fluorine, arsenic, lead, mercury, and cadmium) concentrations were below permissible limits in eggs. Conclusion: We considered that HILO could be an alternative dietary fat to SBO for laying hens with maintained productive performance and good egg quality.