• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.979-983
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• 2008

A bi-modal tram can travel in not only dedicated way but also road so as to reduce construction costs and increase vehicle operation efficiency, whose passenger capacity is 2,500 to 7,000 persons/direction/hour. A bi-modal has an electronic guidance system that knows the location and route of the vehicle, and uses magnetic markers in the road surface for reference. Since a bi-modal tram will be operated in the downtown area, there is some possibility that strong wind occurred between high-rise buildings can produce sudden lateral movement (displacement) of the vehicle to influence its automatic operation controlled by electronic guidance system. For bi-modal tram in the automatic operation mode, lateral movements occurred by strong wind were calculated and analyzed in the dynamic model developed by using the ADAMS. Some useful relations among vehicle speeds, wind speeds, and lateral behaviors were discussed in this paper.

• Atmosphere
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.591-600
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• 2015

We have analyzed wind and eddy covariance data collected within roughness sublayer over sloping terrain. The study site is located on non-flat terrain with slopes in both south-north and east-west directions. The surface elevation change is smaller than the height of roughness element such as building and tree. This study examines the directional wind shear for data collected at three levels in the lowest 10 m in the roughness sublayer. The wind direction shear is caused by drag of roughness element and terrain-induced motions at this site. Small directional shear occurs when wind speed at 10 m is strong and wind direction at 10 m is southerly which is the same direction as upslope flow near surface at this site during daytime. Correlation between vertical shear of lateral momentum and lateral momentum flux is smaller over steeply sloped surface compared to mildly sloped surface and lateral momentum flux is not down-gradient over steeply sloped surface. Quadrant analysis shows that the relative contribution of four quadrants to momentum flux depends on both surface slope and wind direction shear.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 1996

Lateral dispersion parameter(.sigma.$_{y}$) which is an important factor in atmospheric dispersion can be estimated byusing wind direction fluctuation(.sigma.$_{\theta}$). In this paper, we studied the characteristics of the .sigma.$_{\theta}$ in the Chunchon basin and calculated the .sig- ma.$_{y}$ by using the .sigma.$_{\theta}$. We could find some characteristics of the .sigma.$_{\theta}$ which showed small value, when the atmospheric condition was in weak unstable (C class) and neutral (D class). Moreover, when the atmospheric stability was neutral, there was no difference of .sigma.$_{\theta}$ with wind speed. On the other hand, .sigma.$_{\theta}$ showed large values at the strong unstable (A class) and strong stable (F class) condition with low wind speed. In this case, the .sigma.$_{\theta}$ increased as long as averaging time due to the long-period wind direction fluctuation by the terrain effect. In the result of calculation of .sigma.$_{y}$, it was smaller than that of pasquill-Gifford curve. Especially, when the atmospheric condition was in a neutral and stable, .sigma.$_{y}$ showed small increment as the downwind distance increased.creased.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.213-221
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• 2018

In the desert and Gobi regions with strong wind and large sediment discharge, sand transporting engineering is more effective than sand blocking and sand fixing measures in sand prevention. This study uses the discrete phase model of 3D numerical simulation to study the motion trail, motion state and distribution rule of sand particles with different grain diameters when the included angle between the main shaft of the feather-row lateral transportation sand barrier and the wind direction changes, and conducts a comparison in combination with the wind tunnel test and the flow field rule of common sand barrier. According to the comparison, when wind-sand incoming flow passes through a feather-row sand barrier, sand particles slow down and deposit within the deceleration area under the resistance of the feather-row sand barrier, move along the transportation area formed by the transportation force, and accumulate as a ridge at the tail of the engineering. With increasing wind speed, the eolian erosion of the sand particles to the ground and the feather-row sand barrier is enhanced, and the sand transporting quantity and throw-over quantity of the feather-row sand barrier are both increased. When sand particles with different grain diameters bypass the feather-row sand barrier, the particle size of the infiltrating sands will increase with the included angle between the main shaft of the feather-row sand barrier and the wind direction. The obtained result demonstrates that, at a constant wind speed, the flow field formed is most suitable for the lateral transportation of the wind-drift flow when the included angle between the main shaft of the feather-row sand barrier lateral transportation engineering and the wind speed is less than or equal to $30^{\circ}$.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.197-204
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• 2017

This paper aims to analyze the economic feasibility and investigate the possibility of elastic seismic design of wind-designed highrise concentrically braced frames considering change of mechanical properties of Korean steel under the strong wind and the low seismicity in Korea. To this end, first, highrise concentrically braced frames were designed considering strong wind load. And then, analyses of the economics of them were performed. The seismic performance evaluation of wind-designed highrise buildings was conducted using the response spectrum analysis procedure. Analysis results show that it is possible to save up to approximately 90% of the amount of steel on the 10% increase in steel strength without serviceability. However, with serviceability, the design sectional area of the steel with relatively high strength tends to increment considerably because of the lateral stiffness due to reduction of the inertia moment and so on. This point might apply to limitation of the steel with high tensile yield strength.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.665-686
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• 2014

This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the aerostatic and buffeting response characteristics of a suspension bridge catwalk. The three-dimensional aerostatic response analysis was carried out taking into account the geometric nonlinearity and nonlinear dependence of wind loads on the angle of attack. The buffeting response analysis was performed in the time domain. The aerostatic and buffeting responses of the catwalk show strong coupling of vertical and lateral vibrations. The lateral displacement is the main component of the wind-induced static and buffeting response of the catwalk.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.397-403
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• 2000

Since very large and high-speed ships have been appeared in marine transportation from 1970s, these ships with poor maneuverability have made large-scale accidents frequently all over the world. The IMO(International Maritime Organization) recommended that ship designers should evaluate various maneuvering performance at initial stage and serve them to ship operators when they deliver a new ship. Meantime, it is expected that ships with large and wide superstructure would have poor maneuverability when they are affected by strong wind. Therefore, car carrier ship with large superstructure was selected to confirm how the ship responds to the external wind forces in this paper. The lateral and transverse projected areas above the water level were considered and ship behaviors were checked by change of rudder angles under severe wind conditions of different directions. In addition, hydrodynamic derivatives and coefficients were predicted from ship particulars and numerical calculations were carried out with the mathematical model of low speed maneuvering motions.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.81 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

Due to the frequency and magnitude of some loads produced by gusts of turbulent wind, building floors can develop lateral displacements and significant accelerations which can produce strong inertial forces on structural, non-structural elements and occupants. A device that can help to reduce the floor accelerations is the well-known Tuned Mass Damper (TMD); however, nowadays there is no enough information about its capacity in order to dissipate energy of turbulent wind loads. For this reason, in this paper different buildings with and without TMD are modeled and dynamically analyzed under simulated wind loads in order to study the reduction of peak floor accelerations. The results indicate that peak floor accelerations can be reduced up to 40% when TMD are incorporated in the buildings, which demonstrated that the Tuned Mass Damper is an efficient device to reduce the wind effects on tall buildings.

• Architectural research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.53-61
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• 2022

Irregularities in the structure are crucial factors in screening structural vulnerability under extreme loadings. Numerical analyses were carried out considering wind and seismic loadings for four structures with discrete irregularity: continuous and discontinuous beams with varied story levels, and L-shaped irregular buildings. Structural responses such as maximum displacements, bending moments, axial forces, torsions, and story drifts are evaluated as per the criteria and limits defined by ACI 318. The outcomes indicate that the frame system with beam discontinuity on the upper half of the height exhibits the best structural performance. The results also indicate that the asymmetrical design of the L-shaped model makes it more susceptible to damage when subjected to strong lateral loading conditions.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2002

The masonry structure has been widely used as the dwelling house structure in our country for a long time. The masonry structure is weak in the lateral forces such as strong wind and earthquake. But there is no regulation for it in the domestic aseismic design codes. The purpose of this study is to suggest a simple design method of un-reinforced masonry wall.