• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.314-319
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• 2022

The effect of the laser beam diameter on the microstructure and hardness of 17-4 PH stainless steel manufactured via the directed energy deposition process is investigated. The pore size and area fraction are much lower using a laser beam diameter of 1.0 mm compared with those observed using a laser beam diameter of 1.8 mm. Additionally, using a relatively larger beam diameter results in pores in the form of incomplete melting. Martensite and retained austenite are observed under both conditions. A smaller width of the weld track and overlapping area are observed in the sample fabricated with a 1.0 mm beam diameter. This difference appears to be mainly caused by the energy density based on the variation in the beam diameter. The sample prepared with a beam diameter of 1.0 mm had a higher hardness near the substrate than that prepared with a 1.8 mm beam diameter, which may be influenced by the degree of melt mixing between the 17-4 PH metal powder and carbon steel substrate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.1089-1092
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• 2001

In the stereolithography process, build parameters are laser power, scan velocity, scan width, bean diameter, layer thickness and so on. These values are determined according to product accuracy and build time. Build time can be reduced by improving of scan velocity, laser power, layer thickness, hatching space and so on. But variation of these parameters influence part accuracy, surface roughness, strength. This paper observed cure properties in various beam diameter. In order to examine these, relationships of scan velocity and cure depth, scan velocity and cure width according to various beam diameter in one scan line are measured. And cure thickness is measured according to beam diameter and scan velocity in scan surface of one layer. For reduction of build time, beam diameter and scan velocity is proposed in stereolithography process.

• Laser Solutions
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.5-9
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• 2008

The effect of a laser peening on the surface residual stress of SUS 304 was investigated using a second harmonic Nd:YAG laser beam. The energy density and the diameter of the laser beam were $400mJ/mm^2$ and about 1mm, respectively. According to the test results, the effect of a laser peening for improving the surface residual stress was not big enough to induce a high compressive stress on the SUS 304 surface. This is thought to be attributed to the small radius of the laser beam used in this study, even though its energy density is big enough. From this study, it can be concluded that to induce a recognizably high compressive stress on a metal surface, the energy density as well as the size (diameter) of the laser beam should be large enough to generate surface plasma with a high energy to have a big impact to a metal surface.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1989.02a
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• pp.76-80
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• 1989

Spatial filters were designed for 1 TW high power phosphate glass laser development. Laser beam should be expanded from 1 mm diameter to 200mm diameter. Pin hole size should be determined and most of incident energy should be transmitted through out to final spatial filter. Each pin hole size is determined by calculating encircled energy for Gaussian beam from the oscillator. The optical tube length of each spatial filter is corrected to have the best collimating quality by scew raytracing through the total system.

• Laser Solutions
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.8-17
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• 1999

This study includes a basic feature of laser surface alloying for enhancing the surface properties of materials. Effects of laser processing parameters such as beam power, beam size, scanning speed on the shape and composition of alloyed layer was simulated in case of moving beam conditions (2-dimensional numerical methods). Simulated results were compared with experiments, in which the plasma coating of 80% Ni ＋ 20% Cr deposited on the SS41 substrate was remelted with CO2 laser with Gaussian energy distribution. Simulation and experiments revealed that the shape (dimension)and composition of laser alloyed layer were strongly dependent upon the process parameters, especially interaction time (travel speed) as compared to beam diameter, beam power and absorptivity. The shape and composition of alloyed layervaried more or less exponentially with parameters.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.78-78
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• 1999

Experimental studies of laser micromachining on Mo metal using piezo Q-switched Nd:YAG laser have been performed. Miniaturized microcolumn electron gun arrays as a potential electron beam lithography or portable mini-scanning electron microscope application have recently extensively examined. For these purpose, the electro-static electron lens and deflector system called microcolumn has to be assembled. The conventional microcolumn fabrication technique would gave a limitation on the minimization of aberration. The current technique of a 1 $\mu$m misalignment would lead to ~1.3 nm coma. In order to reduce aberration, assembling the microcolumn component followed by laser drilling should be very beneficial. In this report, we will address the preliminary report of laser micromachining on Mo substrate using piezo Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The geometrical figures, such as the diameter and the depth of the frilled aperture are dependent upon the total energy of the laser pulse train, laser pulsewidth, and the diameter of laser beam in addition to the materials-dependent parameters.

• Laser Solutions
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.13-19
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• 2001

When a high-power laser beam is irradiated on the surface of material, it is well known that a cavity, called a keyhole induced by the pressure action of the vapor plume, is generated in the molten material. This paper describes the interaction between a pulsed CO$_2$ laser beam and water. The laser-beam is used to generate and maintain a conical depression in the water surface similar to the keyhole created during laser penetration welding. Experimental results show that the depth of laser-beam penetration is limited by hydrodynamic instability. The instability of the surface cavity can be understood by the capillary instability of a hollow jet. Theoretical computation of the steady keyhole shape has been performed. modifying the model suggested by Andrews et al. (1976). The model predicts the qualitative behavior of the keyhole but significantly underestimates the average diameter.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.8 no.4A
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• pp.456-460
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• 1999

Experimental studies of laser micromachining on Mo diaphragm using piezo Q-switched Nd:YAZ laser have been performed. Application of miniaturized micorcolumn electron gun arrays as a potential electron beam lithography or portable mini-scanning electron microscope (SEM) application have recently extensively examined. The conventional microcolumn fabrication technique would give a limitation on the minimization of aberration, In this paper, we obtained 20~30 $\mu \textrm m$aperture of laser micromachining on Mo diaphragm using piezo Q-swithed Nd:YAG laser. The geometrical figures, such as the diameter and the preciseness of the drilled aperture are dependent upon the total energy of the laser pulse train, laser pulse width, and the diameter of laser spot in addition to the materials-dependent parameters.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.382-390
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• 2024

Laser propagation through atmospheric disturbances is vital for applications such as laser optical communication, satellite laser ranging (SLR), laser guide stars (LGS) for adaptive optics (AO), and laser energy transmission systems. Beam degradation, including energy loss and pointing errors caused by atmospheric turbulence, requires thorough numerical analysis. This paper investigates the impact of laser beam parameters on ground-to-space laser propagation up to an altitude of 100 km using vertical atmospheric disturbance profiles from the Geochang SLR Observatory in South Korea. The analysis is confined to 100 km since sodium LGS forms at this altitude, and beyond this point, beam propagation can be considered free space due to the absence of optical disturbances. Focusing on a 100-watt class laser, this study examines parameters such as laser wavelengths, beam size (diameter), beam jitter, and beam quality (M²). Findings reveal that jitter, with an influence exceeding 70%, is the most critical parameter for long-exposure radius and pointing error. Conversely, M², with an influence over 45%, is most significant for short-exposure radius and scintillation.

• Laser Solutions
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.19-26
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• 2010

In this study, fundamental experiment was conducted with various strength of UHSS (Ultra High Strength Steel) by $CO_2$ laser. And then, butt and lap joint laser welding with boron alloyed steel and Al-Si coated boron alloy steel have been done by changing laser beam feature, existence of gap and existence of coating layer to know welding characteristics of those materials. As a result, in case of fundamental experiment with various strength steel, hardening was found in the weld metal of all tested materials and softening was found at the heat affected zone of SGAFC 1180. In case of laser butt welding of UHSS, mechanical properties was improved by using small laser beam diameter and Al-Si coating layer caused fracture of weld metal. In case of laser lap welding of UHSS, Al-Si coating layer resulted in formation of intermetallic compound at the fusion boundary where fracture occurred. Al-Si coating layer caused lowering mechanical properties of weld metal.