• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.180-187
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• 2021

This study was performed to assess Protaetia brevitarsis larva excrement as an organic fertilizer for corn cultivation. Furthermore, the study investigated insect communities in each treatment. In 2009, the corn growth rate was worst in soil treated with P. brevitarsis larva excrement and in 2010, the corn growth rate was worst in untreated soil. From the outcome of the study, P. brevitarsis larva excrement could be utilized as organic fertilizer for corn cultivation.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.213-220
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the effects of water temperature and stocking density and rotifer density on the mass production of larval red marbled rockfish, Sebastiscus tertius. Total length of the marbled rockfish larva grown in $23^{\circ}C$ of water temperature were 10.80mm, which was the best, while those grown in $29^{\circ}C$ of water temperature were 6.28mm, which was the lowest. The survival rates of red marbled rockfish larvae grown in $20^{\circ}C$ and $23^{\circ}C$ were 24.0% and 18.5%, respectively. However, the survival rate of red marbled rockfish larvae grown in $26^{\circ}C$ was $7^{\circ}C$ and no larvae survived in $29^{\circ}C$. The total length of red marvled rockfish larva stocked at the density of 5 and 10 larvaper liter of water were high, which were 11.52 mm and 11.22 mm, respectively, but those stocked at the density of 30 larva per liter of water were 7.55mm, which was the lowest. The survival rate of red marbled rockfish larva stocked at the density of 2.5 larva per liter of water was 52.0%, which was the best, but the lowest, 18.0% for the red marbled rockfish larva stocked at the density of 30 larva per liter. There was a trend toward decrease in survival rate of red marbled rockfish larva as their stocking density increased. The survival rates of red marbled rockfish larva fed rotifers at the density of 10 and 5 individuals per ml were high, 48.5% and 48.0%, and their total lengths were 11.92 and 11.89mm, respectively, which grew relatively fast. The survival rate and the total length of red marbled rockfish larva fed rotifers at the density of 30 individuals per ml were the lowest, which were 8.40mm and 21.5%, respectively. Also, red marbled rockfish larva fed rotifers at the density of more than 20 individuals per ml achieved poor survival and growth. These results indicated that the proper conditions for the mass production of larval red marbled rockfish were $23^{\circ}C$ of water temperature, fish larva stocking density of 5 to 10 larva per liter of water and rotifers density of 5 to 10 individuals per ml as live feed.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2015

Three baetid mayflies in the genus Procloeon Bengtsson are described from Thailand: P. narumonae, n. sp. (male and female adults and larva), P. rubeosternum, n. sp. (male and female adults, male and female subimagos, and larva), and P. siamensis, n. sp. (larva). Descriptions of known stages with line-drawings of diagnostic characters, material data, diagnoses, habitat data, and taxonomic remarks are provided.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 2004

Effects of nitrite, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide on survival of the early developmental stages of Fenneropenaeus chinensis were determined under continuous flow-through system. The 96hr-$LC_{50}$ values of mysis stage were 18.4 mg/L, 0.69 mg/L and 13.5 $\mu{g}/L$ for nitrite, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, respectively; 28.3 mg/L, 1.23 mg/L and 20.7 $\mu{g}/L$ for post larva stage and 39.8 mg/L, 1.73 mg/L and 28.5 $\mu{g}/L$ for juvenile stage, respectively. The Fenneropenaeus chinensis sensitivity for the three pollutants was in the order of hydrogen sulfide>ammonia>nitrite. The mysis/post larva, mysis/juvenile and post larva/juvenile ratios of nitrite, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide toxicity were >1.5, >2.0 and <1.5 times, respectively, and mysis were found to be more sensitive to pollutants than juvenile in all cases.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 1998

A simple method for the in vivo production of third-stage infective juveniles(IJs) of Steinernema glaseri was developed. Using Galleria mellonella larvae, only IJs can be rapidly generated inadequate quantities for field application. The nematode inoculation concentration and incubation temperature were critically important. The most effective temperature for infectivity of Steinernema glaseri IJs to Galleria mellonella larvae was 33$^\circ C$. However, the total number of menatodes harvested at 25$^\circ C$ about 66,000 IJs per larva was significantly greater than those at other temperatures. The optimal inoculation number of nematodes was 60 to 80 nematodes per host larva. The higher nematode inoculation concentration of 100 IJs per larva caused a rapid decrease in the total number of IJs harvested. As the inoculation medium pH increased, the number of IJs harvested increased and reached about 110,000 IJs per larva at pH 9.0. The pathogenicity of IJs decreased y increasing the salt concentration in the medium.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.486-490
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• 2009

In January 2009, the water quality of offshore around the Incheon coast was evaluated by bioassay using early development systems of a sea urchin species, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. The results of performing biological evaluations on seawater samples from total of thirteen sites, showed that the formation rates of normal pluteus larva varied from 18% to 71%. In site 5 the seawater sample led to an averaage formation rate of normal larva of 18%, the highest abnormal formation rate hindering the early embryo development of the experimental animal, while that of site 3 averaged 71%, the highest formation rate of normal larva. Seawater samples from site 1, 2, 4, 7, 9, 10, 11 and 12, resulted in average formation rates of normal larva from 33% to 56%, which indicates the developmental damage of early embryos is not severe. Seawater samples from site 5, 6, 8 and 13, resulted in average formation rates of normal larva from 18% to 21% which there was strong damage to the development of early embryos.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.376-380
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• 2004

In August 2003, the water quality of offshore waters along the Incheon coast of Korea was evaluated by biological evaluation using gametes, embryos and early development systems of a starfish species (Asterina pectinifera). As the result of performing biological evaluations on seawater samples from a total thirteen sites, the formation rate of normal larva was 16-68%. At seawater sample from site 5 and 13, formation rate of normal larva averaged 16%, the most abnormal rate hindering the early embryo development of the experimental animal, while that of site 3 averaged 68%, the highest formation rate of normal larva. At seawater sample from site 2, 4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, formation rate of normal larva averaged 33-54%, those which damage the development of early embryos slightly. At seawater sample from site 1, 5, 6, 8, 13, formation rate of normal larva averaged 16-28%, those which damage the development of early embryos strongly.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.251-256
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• 2017

This study aimed to assess fatty acid composition and anti-inflammatory effects, such as nitric oxide(NO) production, expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and interleukin-6(IL-6), of Tenebrio molitor larva using RAW 264.7 cells. The content of total fatty acid in Tenebrio molitor larva was 76.14%, which was composed of oleic acid(42.12%), linoleic acid(32.67%) etc. There was no cytotoxicity at a dose level of 0.1, 1.0, 10, and $100{\mu}g/mL$ of freeze dried Tenebrio molitor larva ethanol extract(FDTEtOH) on RAW 264.7 cells. FDTEtOH significantly decreased NO production in LPS(lipopolysaccharide)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Also, FDTEtOH dose-dependently suppressed the expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6. Thus, these results showed that Tenebrio molitor larva has the potential to be used as an anti-inflammatory food to improve immunity.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.173-175
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• 2011

Ophthalmomyiasis rarely occurs worldwide, and has not been reported in Korea. We present here a case of ophthalmomyiasis caused by Phormia sp. fly larva in an enucleated eye of a patient. In June 2010, a 50-year-old man was admitted to Dankook University Hospital for surgical excision of a malignant melanoma located in the right auricular area. He had a clinical history of enucleation of his right eye due to squamous cell carcinoma 5 years ago. During hospitalization, foreign body sensation developed in his right eye, and close examination revealed a fly larva inside the eye, which was evacuated. The larva was proved to be Phormia sp. based on the morphology of the posterior spiracle. Subsequently, no larva was found, and the postoperative course was uneventful without any complaints of further myiasis. This is the first case of ophthalmomyiasis among the literature in Korea, and also the first myiasis case caused by Phormia sp. in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.189-194
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• 2022

Unidentified postflexion larva (18.57 mm in standard length, SL), belonging to the family Synodontidae was collected from Jeju Island, Korea, in November 2019. Molecular analysis revealed that the unidentified larva was identical to Synodus kaianus adults in mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I region (Kimura-2-parameter distance, d= 0.006), and was different from the close species S. macrops (d=0.220). The postflexion larva of S. kaianus has the following morphological features: regularly distributed seven peritoneal pigment spots along the alimentary canal; and, intensively distributed stellate melanophores at the middle of the base of caudal fin and behind the last anal fin ray. The postflexion larva of S. kaianus differed from that of S. macrops in snout length and size of peritoneal pigment spots. This is the first record of S. kaianus in Korea, and we suggest the Korean name "Ka-i-ya-kkoch-dong-myeol" for S. kaianus, according to Lee et al. (1999).