• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.918-925
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• 2021

페로브스카이트 태양전지는 기존의 실리콘 태양전지를 대체하는 차세대 태양전지로서, 페로브스카이트 구조를 가진 유-무기 하이브리드 물질을 광 활성층으로 사용하는 태양전지 소자로 고효율, 저가의 용액 공정 및 저온 공정에 유리한 장점들을 가지고 있으며 지난 10년간 빠른 효율 향상을 보여주었다. 이러한 페로브스카이트 태양전지의 상용화 과정에서 대면적 코팅 방법에 대해서 연구개발이 진행되어야 한다. 대면적 페로브스카이트 태양전지 대면적 코팅 방법 중 하나로 슬롯-다이 코팅방법에 대해서 연구 진행하였다. 메니스커스를 이용하여 기판 위를 지나가며 용액을 코팅하는 방법으로 3D printer에 메니스커스를 장착하여 코팅을 할 수 있도록 하였다. 코팅 시 작용하는 변수로는 bed 온도, coating speed, N₂ blowing간격, N₂ blowing 높이, N₂ blowing세기등이 있으며 이를 조절하여 페로브스카이트 흡수층을 제작 진행하였으며, 대면적 소자 제작을 위한 코팅 조건을 최적화 하였다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.661-677
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to develop the playground environment model for child care center by analyzing user needs of playground environment. To systemize the playground environment design factors and guidelines, we reviewed the previous research, actual measurement and observation were used as the research methodology. And to recognize the needs of users, the survey and picture survey was conducted to the staffs and children. The scope of survey included child care centers in Seoul and Daejeon, ultimately selecting 12 places in Seoul and 13 places in Daejeon. In terms of the survey period, actual measurement was conducted from June of 2006 to February of 2007, survey and picture survey was conducted from August to September of 2006. For analysis, we used SPSS 10.0 to check the frequency and percentage, as well as to perform cluster analysis. The findings of research can be summarized as below: 1. In playground environment, we observed the area of play ground and ground cover, the independence of play area, play equipment, and the composition of play area. The result of observation showed that while playground area varied widely, ground cover, play equipment, and the composition of play area turned out to be identical, regardless of the playground's area. Therefore, in order to classify various playground environments, we categorized them into 5 types, using the number of children and the area of play ground as a category. Type A had large facilities and small playground area. Type B had small sized facilities and large playground area. Type C had medium sized facilities and small playground area. Type D had medium sized facilities but large playground area. Type E had large sized facilities and large playground area. 2. On the other hand, staffs wanted a tunnel, playhouse, comprehensive play equipment, and a maze to be installed as play facilities, and there were requests for adventure play area and carpenter play area. The picture survey to children showed that they wanted equipments that can provide more thrill, adventure and challenge to them than the ones they see now. Therefore, existing child care center play environments must change from the monotonous and identical environments to the ones that can provide diversities, challenges, and adventures. In the contexts of 5 playground types suggested by this research, type B and D, E where the area of playground were larger than the legally required, should include various play areas and install appropriate play equipments and facilities. Type A and C where the area were small, should provide multipurpose play area to attract the various play behaviors of children.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 특별세미나.특별세션
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• pp.27-41
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• 2008

Construction of metro transportation infra is a large-scale project requiring tremendous financial resources. This study suggests operation method to use for rapid transit line existing infra such as Gyeongbu line and spare line capacity following second phase KTX construction. Reviewing various constraints of metro rapid transit operation, we found that the conditions for metro rapid transit operation are already satisfied in Daegu area, just like the case of Gyeongbu line in Seoul Metro area. Also, the evaluation of the economic feasibility of metro rapid transit operation in Daegu area shows that B/C is about 2.4, which implies that there is sufficient economic feasibility. According to the result of sensitivity analysis, the project is economically feasible unless the passenger demand decreases 15% and construction costs increases more than 70%. B/C is evaluated large because the utilization of already exiting infra lowers the initial cost. As one of mass transportation system of large capacity, metro rapid transit can generate significant spillover effect: It will strengthen competitiveness of metro area by connecting cities within the area and by extending one-day life zone of the area, to say nothing of the benefit of improving traffic condition. The construction of metro rapid transit network is necessary for the mass transportation system of Yeongnam area as well as Daegu area, and it may work as a starting point for uniting Daegu and Gyeongbuk and strengthening regional competitiveness.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.503-508
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• 2003

In this study, we peformed ahead a field geological investigation, boring investigation for slope stability analysis in large scale slope failure area. But the geological stratum was not clearly grasped, because ground was very disturbed by large scale Granite intrusion. Furthermore, the existing test data was not pertinent to the large scale Granite intrusion site like here. Therefore, various kind of field test were performed to grasp clearly for geological stratum. And the results of back analysis, various kind tests used to slope stability analysis.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.217-226
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to identify central neural pathway of neurons following the projection to the large intestine and Hapgok(LI4) which is Won acupoint of the large intestine meridian of hand-yangmyeong. In this experiment, Bartha's strain of pseudorabies virus was used to trace central localization of neurons related with large intestine and acupoint(LI4) which has been known to be able to regulate intestinal function. The animals were divided into 3 groups: group 1, injected into the large intestine; group 2, injected into the acupoint(LI4); group 3, injected into the acupoint(LI4) after severing the radial, ulnar, median nerve. After four days survival of rats, PRV labeled neurons were identified in the spinal cord and brain by immunohistochemical method. First-order PRV labeled neurons following the projection to large intestine, acupoint(LI4) and acupoint(LI4) after cutting nerve were found in the cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal cord. Commonly labeled neurons were labeled in the lumbosacral spinal cord and thoracic spinal cord. They were found in lamina V- X, intermediomedial nucleus and dorsal column area. The area of sensory neurons projecting was L5-S2 spinal ganglia and T12-L1 spinal ganglia, respectively. In the brainstem, the neurons were labeled most evidently and consistently in the nucleus tractus solitarius, area postrema, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve, reticular nucleus, raphe nuclei(obscurus, magnus and pallidus), C3 adrenalin cells, parapyramidal area(lateral paragigantocellular nucleus), locus coeruleus, subcoeruleus nucleus, A5 cell group, periaqueductal gray matter. In the diencephalon, PRV labeled neurons were marked mostly in the arcuate nucleus and median eminence. These results suggest that overlapped CNS locations are related with autonomic nuclei which regulate the functions of large intestine-related organs and it was revealed by tracing PRV labeled neurons projecting large intestine and related acupoint(LI4).

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.69.2-69.2
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• 2010

Recently, bulk hetero-junction cells have been extensively studied by many researchers. Most of these cells were fabricated by spin coater. However, the spin coating process is not favorable to the large-scaled industry because it is not compatible with roll-to-roll process. One of the alternative methods is Doctor blading. In this study, we fabricated large OPV cells having total area of $100cm^2$. The buffer layer was Poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) : poly-(styrenesulfonate) aqueous dispersion (PEDOT:PSS) and the active material is poly (3-hexythiophene) (P3HT) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blend in the solvent of Chlorobenzene. All of the organic layers were coated by dragging the blade with a speed of 5~20 mm/s on the stage with a temperature of $50^{\circ}C$. As-bladed PEDOT:PSS layer was baked at $120^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes to eliminate the water. The cell structure is patterned ITO substrate/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM/LiF/Al. The topmost electrode, LiF/Al, was deposited by thermal evaporation. After depositing electrode, and the cell was annealed at $150^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes. The measured ISC, VOC, fill factor, and PCE were 2.95 A, 5.86 V, 0.32, and 0.78%, respectively. PCE was quite low but the large active area could be obtained successfully.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1997년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1255-1257
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• 1997

In order to obtain key technologies for a kW class internal humidifying proton-exchange-membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) a single cell with a large electrode area has been designed and manufactured and the performance of large area membrane/electrode assemblies (MEAs) has been evaluated by using the single cell. A small area MEA made of commercial E-TEK electrode and Nafion 117 membrane showed a performance of 0.7V, $300mA/cm^2$ whereas large area MEA made of catalyst layer on carbon support and Nafion 117 showed a lower performance. To improve the performance of large MEA direct coating of catalyst was carried out on the membrane using a screen printer.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2006년도 PARALLEL CFD 2006
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• pp.21-26
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• 2006

A large-scale finite element simulation and modeling method is presented for environmental flows in urban area. Parallel stabilized finite element method based on domain decomposition method is employed for the numerical simulation. Several GIS and CAD data are used for the preparation of the shape model for landform and urban structures. The present method Is applied to the simulation of flood flow and wind flow In urban area. The present method is shown to be a useful planning and design tool for the natural disasters and the change of environments in urban area.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2006

현재 물부족 국가로 분류되고 있는 우리나라 현실에서 가뭄은 재해 관리에 있어서 중요한 요소가 되고 있다. 위성영상은 광역의 지표면에 대해 오랜 시간 동안 주기적으로 자료를 취득할 수 있게 해주므로, 이를 가뭄의 관측에 활용하면 유용한 결과를 얻을 가능성이 크다. 본 연구에서는 광역의 가뭄현상을 해석하는 데 있어서 위성영상을 활용하는 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 따라서, 미국 NASA에서 제공하는 MODIS 자료의 식생지수(NDVI)자료를 이용하여 광역의 증발산량을 산정하는 방법을 개발하였다. 위성영상을 이용하여 산정된 증발산량 분포를 강우 분포자료 및 잠재증발산량 분포자료와 결합하여 기후학적 물수지를 산정하였으며, 이를 기반으로 대상지역의 가뭄을 효과적으로 분석할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 가뭄 해석에 있어서의 위성영상의 활용도를 높이는 데 기여를 할 것이다.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2010

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is one of the most versatile and promising technology for micro/nano-patterning due to its simplicity, high throughput and low cost. Recently, one of the major trends of NIL is large-area patterning. Especially, the research of the application of NIL to TFT-LCD field has been increasing. Technical difficulties to keep the uniformity of the residual layer, however, become severer as the imprinting area increases. In this paper we performed a numerical study for a large area NIL (the $2^nd$ generation TFT-LCD glass substrate ($370{\times}470$ mm)) by using finite element method. First, a simple model considering the surrounding wall was established in order to simulate effectively and reduce the computing time. Then, the volume of fluid (VOF) and grid deformation method were utilized to calculate the free surfaces of the resist flow based on an Eulerian grid system. From the simulation, the velocity fields and the imprinting pressure during the filling process in the NIL were analyzed, and the effect of the surrounding wall and the uniformity of residual layer were investigated.