• Title/Summary/Keyword: language usage

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Language and Symbolic Reference in Whitehead′s Philosophy (화이트헤드의 언어 이해와 상징적 연관)

  • 문창옥
    • Lingua Humanitatis
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    • v.6
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    • pp.147-166
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    • 2004
  • Whitehead's discussion of language is not to be found in any one book or article. It is interwoven with his discussion of many other questions. He was, however, greatly concerned with the problem of symbolism in general and the uses of language. He regards language, spoken or written, as an instrument devised by men to aid them in their adjustment to the environment in which they live Language is used for many specific purposes in the process of this adjustment. Words are employed not only to refer to data and to express emotions. They may be used also to record experiences, and thoughts about these experiences. Worts also function as instruments in the organization of experiences as they are considered in retrospect. Thus words free us from the bondage of the immediate. And Whitehead's theory of meaning is implicit in his discussion of the functions of language. According to him, the human mind is functioning symbolically when some components of its experience elicit consciousness, beliefs, emotions, and usages, respecting other components of its experiences. The former set of components are the 'symbols', and the latter set constitute the 'meaning' of the symbols. Whitehead points out that one word may have several meanings, i.e. refer to several different data. In order to understand, thus, the meaning to which a word refers, it is sometimes very important to appreciate the system of thought within which a person is operating. Further, Whitehead's discussion of language includes a number of cogent warning the deficiencies of language, and hence the need for great care in the use of words. In fact, language developed gradually. For the most part we have created words designed to deal with practical problems. Attention focuses on the prominent features in a situation, in particular the changing aspects of things. With reference to such data our words are relatively adequate. However, this issues in an unfortunate superficiality. The enduring, the subtle, the complex and the general aspects of the universe do not have adequate verbal representation. for this reason, Whitehead's position concerning the uses of language in speculative philosophy is stated with pungent directness. The uncritical trust in the adequacy of language is one of the main errors to which philosophy is liable. Since ordinary language does not do justice to the generalities, profundities and complexities of life, it is obvious that philosophy requires new words and phrases, or at least the revision of familiar words and phrases. Proceeding to develop the theme Whitehead contends that words and phrases must be stretched towards a generality foreign to their ordinary usage. In the same vein Whitehead refers to the need to realize that language which is the tool of philosophy needs to be redesigned just as in physical science available physical apparatus needs to be redesigned. But even these words and phrases, stretched or redesigned, are never completely adequate in philosophical speculations. They are, in his opinion, merely a great improvement over ordinary language or the language science, mathematics or symbolic logic.

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A Study on the Symbolization of the Underground Visual Elements as a Signification-Function -Focus on the Environmental Graphics of the Subway Vehicle & Station in Seoul City- (지하 시각요소의 표지기능(標識機能)적 상징성에 관한 연구 -서울시 지하철 및 지하역(驛)의 환경그래픽을 중심으로-)

  • 김경만
    • Archives of design research
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    • no.18
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    • pp.153-162
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    • 1996
  • underground space have many negative environmental clements which should be confirmed on location and line of action by the artificial signs. iccordingly, environmental graphics as visual language for popular signification-function have to be studied on sign theory of symbolic meanings. Ho\/ever, its usage has not only decorated by microscopiC appreciative eye but also lost its meanlllg as a visual language which was caused by the negligence of systematic management of the facility in charge Result of study, Visual environmental factors as a cause of behavioral attitude based on the study, which has been carefully considered as a communication of the visual language. Therefore, considering the underground environmental graphics as the: sign or the signification-function, It has to be studied on syntactic, semantic and pragmatic viewpoint. SpeCifically, to maKe the color and formation language a signification-function as a generalized connotation to the public, a distinctive classified Visual language must be applied.

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Next Generation Information Infrastructure and Database Service-Policy Frame and Market Development in Japan

  • Miyakawa, Takayasu
    • Proceedings of the Korea Database Society Conference
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    • 1994.09a
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    • pp.9-16
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    • 1994
  • Author outlines briefly developments of policies relating to telecommunication infrastructure and databases since latter half of 1970′s. There exist three phases. The first phase was from later 1970′s to 1985, which was an initial stage of electronic information service in Japan. In the second phase, 1985~1990, basic policy change made possible the privatization of telecommunication services and proliferation of database products and vendors, The third phase began in early 1990′s with downsizing in computer usage, wide-spreading information networks and rapid dissemination of personal computers. Then author describes offers on policy formation for "novel information infrastructure" and current situation concerning the "Internet" in Japan. Finally, tasks and problems for implementing new generation program for information infrastructure and database usage are pointed out, These are knowledge resource, cost, copyrights and cultural problems including language.

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A Dynamic Comprehension Syseem with Extended Semotaction Codes (은유적 표현과 의미의 범위확장)

  • 이창인;김상하
    • Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.263-278
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    • 1994
  • This paper proposes a way of decoding and translating some metaphorical use in a SL(Source Language). The process of metaphorical usage should be different from that of idiomatic expressions,which can be treated as a flat structure or chunks(cf.Lee(1985)[5],Yoon & Kim(1993)[7].The representation of metaphorical usage is approached with'M'in a separate dictionary with the extened meaning of property.

Development of Conversational Interface Platform Based on MS Robotics Studio for Integrated Service Robots (통합 서비스 로봇을 위한 MS 로보틱스 스튜디오 기반 대화 인터페이스 플랫폼 구축)

  • Lim, Sung-Soo;Cho, Sung-Bae
    • The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.49-55
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    • 2009
  • The development of IT technology makes the functions and services of robots be integrated, and thus the robots become more intelligent and useful. As sophisticated usage of robots has evolved, direct communication by human language is necessary to increase the efficiency of their usage. In this paper, we propose a conversational interface platform for integrated service robots using MS Robotics Studio. The proposed platform consists of three types of components: a conversation manager to control the flows of the integrated service robots, a user interface to interact with users, and multiple service robots to perform actions or services. For a test-bed of the proposed platform, we build a schedule manager system and confirm the usability through SUS subject test by comparing the schedule manager system with MS Outlook.

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XML-based EDI Document Processing System with Binary Format Mapping Rules

  • Kim, Chang-Su;Jung, Hoe-Kyung
    • Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.258-263
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    • 2012
  • Recently, the magnitude of electronic data interchange (EDI) document processing for the handling of port logistics is abruptly being increased. The existing system processes EDI documents in a script mode, but due to a complicated script preparation procedure and low document processing efficiency, it cannot meet the demand as the usage flow of documents increases. In this paper, an EDI electronic document processing system was designed and implemented in a document scanner and mapper, which are binary form electronic document processing tools and do not require script files during the conversion of extensible markup language (XML)-based electronic documents. This new system has the merits of XML features during reading and writing with improved speed, usage convenience, and good portability on systems when compared to the conventional ones.

Electronic Proceedings in Modern Legal Conditions

  • Veselovska, Nataliia;Slipeniuk, Vasyl;Yasynok, Dmytro;Zhukevych, Ihor;Gorbenko, Arina
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • v.21 no.8
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    • pp.224-228
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    • 2021
  • The article is devoted to the problems and prospects of integration of informational technologies in the administration of justice as a necessary component of the development of the informational society in Ukraine. In general, informational technologies make it possible to create new forms of organization and interaction of bodies of public authorities with society, to introduce innovative solutions for legal regulation and organization of public relations. More and more services for citizens are moving to electronic format. Judicial reform is aimed at ensuring more comfortable and convenient interaction with the courts. The need for the usage of informational technology in the proceedings is preconditioned by the global informatization of modern society, the development of new forms of interaction in the civil sphere with the usage of electronic means of communication: the global Internet, mobile, and satellite communication systems and more. "Electronic justice" involves the use of information and communication technologies in the implementation of procedural law.

A Study on Phon Call Big Data Analytics (전화통화 빅데이터 분석에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Jeongrae;Jeong, Chanki
    • Journal of Information Technology and Architecture
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.387-397
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    • 2013
  • This paper proposes an approach to big data analytics for phon call data. The analytical models for phon call data is composed of the PVPF (Parallel Variable-length Phrase Finding) algorithm for identifying verbal phrases of natural language and the word count algorithm for measuring the usage frequency of keywords. In the proposed model, we identify words using the PVPF algorithm, and measure the usage frequency of the identified words using word count algorithm in MapReduce. The results can be interpreted from various viewpoints. We design and implement the model based HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System), verify the proposed approach through a case study of phon call data. So we extract useful results through analysis of keyword correlation and usage frequency.

A Survey of Japanese University Students' Future Use of English Goal Orientations

  • Uehara, Suwako;Richard, Jean-Pierre Joseph
    • English Language & Literature Teaching
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.213-235
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    • 2011
  • The aim of this study is to present preliminary results from an ongoing large-scale study of English-language future goal orientations held by Japanese university students. The work here involves an investigation of learners in multiple disciplines, from five universities, both public and private, in the Kanto-region of Japan, and their perspective on their future use of English. The results summarize written essays on L2-goal orientations. Preliminary results indicate Japanese learners (n = 629) as a whole have disparate L2-learning goals; however, these can be summarized into four broad categories: career, personal life, study, and general; and early findings indicate that most learners (63.56%) are oriented to career or personal goal orientations, while others are oriented to study and general. These early results help us to gain a better understanding of the future goals of Japanese university learners and their views of English usage in the future.

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A Comparative Analysis of Anaphoric Usage of Demonstratives (지시사 대용적 용법의 대조연구)

  • Kim, Myung-Ja;Chae, Sook-Hee;Cho, Eun-Young;Lee, Chung-Min
    • Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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    • 2003.10d
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    • pp.127-133
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    • 2003
  • 본 연구는 지시사가 문맥에서 이미 언급된 개체를 대용하여 지시하는 문맥지시의 경우에 각 언어별로 어떠한 지시자가 사용되며 이들의 분포는 어떠한 양식을 보이는지를 한국어, 영어, 러시아어, 서반아어를 대상으로 살펴본 것이다. 영어에서는 근칭/원칭 지시사가 직시적인 용법에서의 의미를 비교적 유지하면서 고르게 분포하는 반면 한국어, 러시아어, 서반아어 등은 좀 더 자주 사용되는 형태와 그렇지 못한 형태의 무표/유표적인 분포를 보인다. 이러한 각 언어에서 보여주는 다양한 지시사 분포양식을 인지상태와 화자의 관심의 중심이라는 측면에서 재조명하여 비교, 대조 분석함으로써 유표적인 형태에 대한 유형론적 의미를 모색한다.

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