• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.20
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• pp.183-201
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• 2010

Based on case studies from Japan and South Korea, this review paper explores the hidden costs of English language learning (ELL). In a context where English has become a commodity and ELL a form of consumption, we focus on the personal and social costs of (a) studying abroad as a much-touted path to "native-like" proficiency and (b) sexualization of language teaching materials in order to reach new niche markets. The hidden costs of ELL are embedded in language ideologies which set English up as a magical means of self-transformation and, at the same time, an unattainable goal for most Japanese and Koreans. We end with the call to expose debilitating language ideologies in order to shed light on the hidden costs of ELL.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1059-1064
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• 2012

In this paper, some applications of natural language processing techniques for information retrieval have been introduced, but the results are known not to be satisfied. In order to find the roles of some classical natural language processing techniques in information retrieval and to find which one is better we compared the effects with the various natural language techniques for information retrieval precision, and the experiment results show that basic natural language processing techniques with small calculated consumption and simple implementation help a small for information retrieval. Senior high complexity of natural language processing techniques with high calculated consumption and low precision can not help the information retrieval precision even harmful to it, so the role of natural language understanding may be larger in the question answering system, automatic abstract and information extraction.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.118-127
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• 2022

Barrage language is a new media language based on Internet video. It is a representative expression of the Internet environment regardless of its format and content. As a unique movie viewing characteristic provided by the barrage function, the timeliness of feedback, entertainment, and interactivity of the content are excellent. Characteristic. Barrage language itself is closely related not only to the value of linguistic research, but also to the spread of the Internet in the Internet environment. Based on the current situation of Chinese video sites, this thesis explores how Barrage is an organic cycle of culture and consumption in a specific platform and group, and analyzes its propagation methods and effects. By analyzing the characteristics of content production patterns unique to the barrage culture, implications and reference values for production activities of other cultures, the effect of popularization on viewers and the production and consumption of the 'barrage' culture of the industry is studied, and furthermore, the 'barrage' culture is It was designed to be a reference for the development of the platform, internet culture, and animation industry culture.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.45-50
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• 2020

A Language model with neural networks commonly trained with likelihood loss. Such that the model can learn the sequence of human text. State-of-the-art results achieved in various language generation tasks, e.g., text summarization, dialogue response generation, and text generation, by utilizing the language model's next token output probabilities. Monotonous and boring outputs are a well-known problem of this model, yet only a few solutions proposed to address this problem. Several decoding techniques proposed to suppress repetitive tokens. Unlikelihood training approached this problem by penalizing candidate tokens probabilities if the tokens already seen in previous steps. While the method successfully showed a less repetitive generated token, the method has a large memory consumption because of the training need a big vocabulary size. We effectively reduced memory footprint by encoding words as sequences of subword units. Finally, we report competitive results with token level unlikelihood training in several automatic evaluations compared to the previous work.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.535-550
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to find the awareness and attitudes of adolescent consumers toward Korean-made products with brand names of a foreign language. The survey method was utilized, and 393 middle and high school students were selected. The major findings were as follows; 1) 61.2% of the respondents have not awared the trend of foreign language brand naming of Korean-made products at all. 2) The respondents have awared the trend of foreign language brand naming of Korean-made products could affact adolescents' consumption culture. 3) The attitudes toward Korean-made products with brand names of a foreign language were found to be rather negative, and the attitudes toward the trend of a foreign language brand naming of Korean-made products were found to be also rather negative.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.37-40
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• 2021

This paper presents a design of a speech to sign language converter for deaf and hard of hearing people. The device is low-cost, low-power consumption, and it can be able to work entirely offline. The speech recognition is implemented using an open-source API, Pocketsphinx library. In this work, we proposed a context-oriented language model, which measures the similarity between the recognized speech and the predefined speech to decide the output. The output speech is selected from the recommended speech stored in the database, which is the best match to the recognized speech. The proposed context-oriented language model can improve the speech recognition rate by 21% for working entirely offline. A decision module based on determining the similarity between the two texts using Levenshtein distance decides the output sign language. The output sign language corresponding to the recognized speech is generated as a set of sequential images. The speech to sign language converter is deployed on a Raspberry Pi Zero board for low-cost deaf assistive devices.

• Iberoamérica
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.151-188
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• 2014

This work aims to describe pragmatic strategies and linguistic features of replies that occur in the comment section of online newspapers. The dominant media in this digital age is the Internet and its rapid development and expansion of use have contributed not only to the change of the form of production of journalistic texts, but also to the consumption of those texts. In the past, the news was transmitted in a unidirectional way but now readers of online newspapers do not remain passively reading the articles. They actively participate in the exchange of opinions with other readers. The individual consumption of journalistic texts has become a collective and social act. The purpose of the study is to investigate the communication intention of the users of comment sections and analyze the linguistic formulation of replies. We attempt to discover specific aspects of replies and responses for online newspaper articles, considering them as an independent type of Computer Mediated Communication (Internet Mediated Communication). Observing language attitudes appearing in the electronic environment and discovering the characteristics of the Spanish language on the Internet will allow us to contribute to understand the theoretical aspects related to the CMO better.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.843-850
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• 2006

The standardization on RDD and REL has been developed by MPEG. REL is a Right Expression Language and RDD is term dictionary which develop active application of REL. However, since REL documents could be oかy edited by user understanding MPEG-21's framework, much easier editing system is required. As well, REL Consumption System to process and analyze REL documents, the RDD interoperability system to interoperate REL and RDD are needed. In this paper, REL Editing System and REL Consumption System, RDD Web Services System were designed and implemented, REL Editing System to make REL document, REL Consumption System to process and analyze edited documents, RDD Web Services System to process rights inquiry base on the Web Services.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.651-674
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• 2011

This paper approaches Sir Thomas More, Coriolanus, Pericles in terms of the relationship of food to national identity. These three plays examine ways in which food is essential to what constitutes English national identity, and food shortages give rise to riots thereby throwing everyday life into disorder. In Sir Thomas More food shortages are caused by foreign foodstuff and foreign habits of consumption. Rioting Londoners fear that the European foreigners' strange dietary habits would do harm on English food, the English body and English economy. In Coriolanus starvation is the primary trigger for the enmity between the senators and citizens. Menenius employs the fable of the belly to quell the hungry citizens' anger and to emphasize the senators' role as a store of nutrition to feed the body, that is, the citizens. Coriolanus' contempt for the body's need comes to a devastating end. In Pericles the famine is brought about by the gluttonous consumption of specific foods. The problem of greedy consumption becomes that of living in the cannibalistic situation where mothers are willing to eat their children and married couples one another. Pericles feeds the hungry people with bread, and is also saved from starvation by the fishermen after shipwreck. In this way the three plays provide the examples of Shakespeare's notion on healthy food and feeding.

• Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.232-238
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• 2013

The vehicle system is a multi-domain system that requires many branches of science and engineering. Therefore the development of the vehicle system requires the use of design methodologies that utilize simulations, which have grown increasingly sophisticated in recent years. Our research group proposed a simulation modeling method based on the VHDL-AMS language. This paper describes how VHDL-AMS is used to model of vehicle fuel consumption simulation. The fuel consumption is shown using proposed simulation model on the Japanese 10-15 mode. We examine the influence of the vehicle system with electrical load and hill climb resistance in the vehicle running resistance.