• 대한지리학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.161-175
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• 2009

동대문운동장은 1926년 일제에 의해 건축된 우리나라의 대표적인 근대 공설운동장으로, 수많은 스포츠와 문화행사가 개최되어 한국의 스포츠 산실로서의 상징성과 문화역사성이 담겨진 공간이었다. 그러나 1990년대 들어와 시설의 노후로 기능이 축소됐고, 2005년 청계천이 복원되면서 주변 노점상들을 위한 풍물시장과 주차장이 설치돼 운동장으로서의 기능을 상실하였다. 서울시는 동대문시장과 그 일대를 디자인 패션 중심 관광 클라스터로 개발한다는 계획 하에 2008년 운동장을 철거하였다. 본 연구에서는 동대문운동장을 사례로 서울시의 근대문화유적의 철거와 지역개발을 포함하는 자본주의 경관 재구조화의 이면에 담겨져 있는 의미를 살펴보고 이를 통해 현재 남아있는 근대문화유적에 대한 보존 또는 철거 정책, 그리고 경관 관리와 관련하여 시사점을 찾아보고자 하였다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2012

본 연구는 '2010년도 해안마을 경관형성 시범사업'의 일환으로 국토해양부가 주관하고 고흥군이 시행한 '구룡 해안마을 경관형성 기본계획'을 다룬다. 해안마을 경관은 정주, 경제, 문화 활동을 포함하고 있는 시스템이므로 해안마을 경관형성 기본계획은 관광자원화와 정주환경조성, 문화 활동 간의 균형이 필요하다고 보았다. 이에 '주민들의 생활이 이루어지고 있는 경관의 잠재성과 생활문화방식을 존중하면서 경관의 개선 및 증진'을 주요 목적으로 설정했다. 연구 진행에 있어서는 주민참여 프로그램을 운영해 주민들 스스로가 자신들의 경관 인식과 아이디어를 이야기할 수 있도록 했고 경관 추진위원회라는 소통 창구를 통해 경관형성 계획과 관련된 의사결정을 진행했다. 경관형성 계획은 먼저 시간에 따라 훼손된 자연경관을 복원하고 정비하였다. 구룡산은 배후산으로서 역할을 할 수 있도록 나대지를 복원하고 산마루 지형을 활용하여 전망공간을 조성했다. 해안과 관련해서는 돌을 사용한 계단식 스탠드와 노두길 조성으로 접근성을 높였다. 마을 길 체계는 해안도로, 마을 안길, 산자락길, 노두길 등을 대상으로 사라진 길은 복원하고, 끊긴 부분은 잇고 연결하면서 경관 주제에 맞도록 재구성하였다. 또한 주민들의 외부활동 편의성 증진과 방문객이 체계적인 경험을 할 수 있도록 기존의 거점 공간을 정비하거나 새롭게 조성했다. 이와 함께 가이드라인을 통해 사적영역에서의 경관 개선이 이루어지도록 했다. 가이드라인은 건축물의 지붕 벽체 담장과 가로에 놓이는 컨테이너 박스와 어구를 대상으로 했다. 본 연구는 주민참여 프로그램과 주민들과의 협의를 통해 주민들의 생활에 밀착한 해안마을 경관형성 기본계획을 수립했다는데 의의가 있다. 연구를 진행하면서 해안마을 경관 형성 사업의 한계점과 과제도 발견할 수 있었는데, 첫째는 주민들의 인식과 실천 사이의 간극이다. 주민들은 마을경관의 문제점을 알고 있었으나 실제 행동으로 옮기는데 있어서는 한계를 나타냈다. 둘째는 마을 경관형성사업에 대한 이해와 인식의 부족이다. 지방정부와 주민들은 마을 경관형성 사업을 신규 건축이나 도로 확장 같은 개발 사업으로 이해하는 경향이 있었다. 셋째는 경관이 그러하듯이, 이러한 계획은 단시간에 이루어지지 않으므로 일회적인 사업보다는 지속적인 관심과 지원이 필요하다는 것이다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.120-138
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• 2006

A city evolves over time. It grows, transforms, and sometimes degrades. Chuncheon is at a turning point from a city souggling with regulations regarding clean water supply and a military encampment to a masterpiece city with a sustainable vision. The city is getting ready to restructure itself to become a world-famous culture and tourism complex expanding its physical boundary across the Camp Page site and absorbing Jungdo as a major tourist attraction. The landscape in the future blueprint of Chuncheon will play a great role in restructuring urban form. The regenerated in will have a new networked open space system as well as re-evaluated landscape resources. The hybrid theoretical practice called 'landscape urbanism' burgeoning in the fields between 'landscape architecture' and 'urbanism' can guide us in considering the terms of the relationship between a city and landscape when we design a future city Landscape urbanism is considered to be an effective framework by which we can diagnose the current status of a landscape in our contemporary urban design practice in Korea. This paper tries to provide a different perspective from the viewpoint of landscape urbanism to decipher the hidden implications of the social agreement on the role of landscape in urban structure by re-reading eight design proposals presented for the ChunCheon G5 international design competition based on the main principles of landscape urbanism. The G5 design competition is a great opportunity to test out new ideas on a city, demonstrating the relative values among various urban-design professional realms. First, this paper provides an overview of the main ideas of landscape urbanism based on the literature review and case studies. Second, framework categories are suggested in order to extract the explicit and implicit ideas on the landscape. Third, eight proposals are reviewed according to the suggested categories to situate the current landscape design of Korea within the mainstream of contemporary practice of landscape urbanism. Based on the review of eight proposals, the following diagnostic conclusions are made; first, the ideas of landscape urbanism have not been actively introduced in large-scaled urban landscape projects in Korea like Chuncheon G5. Second, it remains to be a big task for landscape professions to be able to participate in design consortiums on an equal footing. Third, In order to introduce and reify the ideas of landscape urbanism in Korea, it is inevitable and critical to test the ideas in both academic fields and professional practices to find the appropriately adjusted model of landscape urbanism.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to clarify topography interpretation and the space remodeling characteristic of the city by the feng shui thought. the result of the study is as follow. 1. remodeling of the city in the Phoenix thought to be involved in the background wants to overcome the difficult situation in the desire to confirm the implications could be. 2. Six cities have confirmed that the restructuring of urban space by the idea that Phoenix, paulownia, a common landscape elements such as bamboo forests, buildings and places, the egg of the phoenix in relation to landscape, such as Phoenix said that the building area as appropriate to the characteristics of their elements.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• 제1호
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• pp.176-182
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• 2001

The case for study in this paper is the Main Plan and Management for the Fukutoshin; the restructure of Nishi Shinjuku, This plan was first outlines in 1960, and includes a vast area of 96 ha for redevelopment. It aims to create a totally new center in the city. This was the first case in Japan, and in the world of a plan of these magnitudes. involving urban landscape restructuring from three points: Landscape (open spaces for public use: the Shinjuku Central Park and the surrounding area of the buildings), transport and commercial building developments. The Landscape plan for the green areas was decided in a way to compensate the population of the area and the visitors. As a rule, high-rise building constructions are placed each one in single lots and are surrounded by open spaces and greenery. Pedestrain areas are widened and also connected by bridges in a way to allow free circulation, and interconnection between the constructions and the green areas. Another important factor is the role that Private Corporation, and public interest plays. Joining these two forces has allowed the concretization of this project. This interpolation between public and private roles was an innovation in Japan, and it also the key for the concretion of the project. The historical review of the process and management of this project help us to put into perspective the introduction of new concepts and ideas, which were not related at that time to traditional Japanese Landscaping. Furthermore we are better able to understand the substantial increase in the percentage of land dedicated to green areas in contrast to the typical standards of Japanese cities.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.36-47
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• 2007

This study intended to provide basic data for the future naming of outdoor areas in apartment complexes by conducting research into the causes, lengths of time, trends, and characteristics of the changes of outdoor space names of apartment complexes and by analyzing current images of outdoor space names. In order to explore the causes and intervals of changes of outdoor spaces in apartment complexes, related literature was surveyed, with on-site inspections being made to examine outdoor space names by time intervals. At the site selected for this study, a case study was conducted to determine the outdoor space names and to understand the trends in the changes of these name in the apartment complexes. Moreover, a questionnaire survey incorporating selected adjectives was administered to investigate the perceived images of outdoor space names and finished construction spaces. The results are as follows: 1. Causes driving changes in apartment outdoor space names included changes in apartment complex planning concepts, changes in the values and demands of apartment buyers, social values, and changes of brand. Intervals of changes were divided into two with the 1997 IMF financial restructuring of the Korean economy as the division. 2. In regards to trends in changes of apartment outdoor space names and their characteristics, various features applied to spaces have caused many changes, which resulted in the phrase $'\bigcirc\;\bigcirc+garden'$, expressions suggesting various images, and Korean names. 3. The results of the analysis of apartment outdoor space names and finished construction images revealed that there was a difference in all the spaces. This is thought to be mainly due to such issues as paved min, the use of ready-made goods, and figurative expressions. The results of the study above indicate that changes in outdoor space names of apartment complexes have been made simply as part of marketing strategies, with no consideration of the residents. Apartments, an important means of housing in Korea, account for more than 50% of Korea's total housing, and the naming of outdoor space serves as an essential element for residents. Therefore, outdoor spaces of apartment complexes should be named in consideration of the final appearance after construction is completed, with effort by the industry being required.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.69-80
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• 2012

대체로 정원은 인간의 자연과 문화에 대한 생각, 그리고 그 둘 간의 영향관계로 설명되어 왔다(Francis and Hester, 1990). 이 글은 정원을 인간의 꿈과 이상이 구축된 표상으로 간주하고 그 구체적인 면모를 토마스 제퍼슨의 정원을 사례로 하여 고찰해 보려고 한 것이다. 정치가로서의 면모가 더 많이 알려져 있는 토머스 제퍼슨은 직접 여러 정원을 설계하여 조성한 후 몸소 가꾼 정원가이기도 하였다. 그가 직접 설계하고 완성시킨 몬티첼로, 아카데미컬 빌리지, 포플러 포레스트 등에는 그의 국가적 이념으로서 자유와 민주주의, 중농주의 등의 이념적 가치와 함께, 전원에 대한 지향 그리고 고등교육에 대한 이상이 숨김없이 표상되어 있다. 정치가이자 신생국의 선각자로서의 이상과 함께 그의 개인적인 꿈과 신념이 공간적으로 표출되어 있는 것이다. 추구하고자 하는 상징적 의미를 은유적으로 표현하거나 그것을 공간적 도식으로 재현함으로써 제퍼슨의 이상은 자신은 물론 그 곳을 찾는 이들에게 재음미되고 공유되어졌다고 할 수가 있다. 그런 점에서 제퍼슨에게 있어서 정원은 이념과 이상을 공간적으로 드러낼 수 있는 무대였다고 할 수가 있다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2015

In March 2015, the milk quota system in Europe that had lasted for more than 30 years was abolished to improve the competitiveness of the European dairy sector in the international market. Despite an increase in the consumption of dairy products in Europe, the milk price is expected to stabilize in the next decade after a decrease between 2015 and 2016. This stabilization of prices will be caused by a significant increase in production, with the proportion exceeding domestic demand to be exported. In the international market, the price of milk will reduce in the next decade, leading to a restructuring of the milk sector with a lower number of farms, but with higher production and efficiency. Mountain farms will follow the same trend, although these farms play an important social role by providing ecosystem services such as maintaining cultural services, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, promoting soil stability, and improving the aesthetic value of the landscape. Nevertheless, they remain at a disadvantage compared with lowland farms. To prevent the loss of mountain farms, there is thus a need to valorize the ecosystem services that they provide and promote the processing of milk into certified products of high quality.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2016

In 1995 the land development was executed in Songchon-dong, Daejeon-si, and the region lost the strong geographical and historical character as an old clan village of the Song family who has great influence over the country in the Josun Dynasty. Though many cultural assets related to the Song family are preserved during the land development, the region fails to keep the authentic sense of place because the preservation was fulfilled only based on the boundary of each specific buildings. The Dongchundang park is an example to reveal the issue. Besides the fact that it is the Designated Treasure, the Dongchundang has an important meaning for having been the center of the clan and its local community in Songchon-dong. While the Dongchundang park built during the land development contains the Dongchundang with closely related buildings, the Dongchungoteak and Youngurk Song's House for the purpose of preserving the historical assets, the park was planned in an irrelevant way to the place. This study investigates the discrepancy between the past and the present condition of the park and proposes a guideline to alleviate the discrepancy as to retrieve the park's genuine sense of place.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.218-224
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• 2014

Plastic surgery training worldwide has seen a thorough restructuring over the past decade, with the introduction of formal training curricula and work-based assessment tools. Part of this process has been the introduction of revalidation and a greater use of simulation in training delivery. Simulation is an increasingly important tool for educators because it provides a way to reduce risks to both trainees and patients, whilst facilitating improved technical proficiency. Current microsurgery training interventions are often predicated on theories of skill acquisition and development that follow a 'practice makes perfect' model. Given the changing landscape of surgical training and advances in educational theories related to skill development, research is needed to assess the potential benefits of alternative models, particularly cross-training, a model now widely used in non-medical areas with significant benefits. Furthermore, with the proliferation of microsurgery training interventions and therefore diversity in length, cost, content and models used, appropriate standardisation will be an important factor to ensure that courses deliver consistent and effective training that achieves appropriate levels of competency. Key research requirements should be gathered and used in directing further research in these areas to achieve on-going improvement of microsurgery training.