• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.154-167
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• 2019

As urban heat environment problems occur due to climate change, urban thermal environmental problems such as heat waves and tropical nights are becoming more serious in cities. In South Korea, forest areas favorable for generating cold air account for about 63 percent of the land area. Furthermore, the Jeongmaek, the axis of the main mountain ranges of Korea, is located close to the cities. Hence, the management of cold air is an effective way to improve the thermal environment of Korean cities. We selected the Nak-nam Jeongmaek located in the southern part of Korean Peninsular as well as two cities (Jinju-si and Sancheong-gun) located at the Jeongmaek to analyze its cold air characteristics and suggest management strategies of cold air. We used KALM (Kaltluftabflussmodell), a cold air simulation model developed in Germany and identified both the cold air flow and the height of cold air layer generated during 6 hours at night. As a result, the cold air flow generated in the Jeongmaek became clear and the height of cold air layer increased with time. Based on the results, we proposed management plans to maintain and expand the cold air flow. For example, forest areas with active cold air generation were designated as 'cold air conservation areas', and areas requiring management for good cold air flow were as 'cold air management areas'. This study is expected to be useful for establishing systematic urban ventilation plan to improve thermal environment in Korea cities.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.412-423
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated the distribution and habitat of Tscherskia triton from 2014 to 2016 in Jeju Island. Nine individuals of T. triton were observed and captured from four habitat sites. Most of the habitats were of the natural and rural type, and urban type coexisted in some of the areas. The natural type of habitat comprised of forests, shrubs, and grasslands. The habitat of T. triton ranged vertically from 102 m in lowland to 742 m in a mountainous area and was not observed in altitude over 1,000 m. Small brooks, dry streams or wetlands were found to be located nearby the habitat of T. triton. The T. triton was distributed mainly in areas with natural vegetation and artificial plantation in company with the upper story vegetation on the ground of intact or incomplete layer structure, or the area with the relatively large distribution of shrubs and long grassland. The presence of roads and forest paths in these habitats suggested that the T. triton can thrive in areas with human disturbance. The designation of Halla Mountain National Park in Jeju Island as a conservation area prevents damage or loss of the habitat due to any artificial development. However, frequent human disturbances occurring in grassland is tolerated by small mammals. Therefore, in order to help T. triton maintain a stable population density, it is essential that various types of the habitat should be conserved in the middle mountain areas and the grasslands in lowlands should be well protected.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.234-253
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• 2018

Within the Gyeongju Basin lies the central an ancient tombs (Wolseongbuk tombs), which are seen to be the core tombs of the Silla ruling class. An accurate understanding of the location of the ancient tombs, commonly known as a flatland area, provides a clue to understanding the contrast process and direction of the ancient tombs. This in turn requires an accurate understanding of the surrounding landscape, including where the ancient tombs are located. In other words, it must be possible to restore as much of the highland area as possible within the basin in which the ancient tombs are located. All data were analyzed as deeply as possible in order to identify the topographical features of the ancient tombs. As a result, it appears that the ancient tombs are located at the end of a fan or at the end of the line, and a large number of springs and wetlands are distributed around the area. This area is relatively low and unsuitable for generating high levels of moisture on the ground. These topographical features are directly related with the distribution of polymers, and solids were completely formed to avoid wetlands. Meanwhile, the ancient tombs are divided into several zones by springs and wetlands, and each area also has the characteristics of large groups where the boundaries are protruding and isolated. Also, this aspect was found to be true for the Oreung around Namcheon. After all, the location and distribution of Silla in the Daerungwon area are the result of the reflection of the fine geographical features of the Gyeongju basin, which are the key factors of springwater and wetlands.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.577-584
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• 2019

Recently, CSB(Cable-Stayed Bridge) have been attempted to be atypical forms for landscape elements in Korea. CSB with new geometry need to analyze their characteristics clearly to ensure structural safety. This study's bridge is the S-shaped curved pedestrian CSB that has a girder with S-shape plane curve and reverse triangular truss cross section, inclined independent pylon, modified Fan type main cable and vertical backstay cable. Curved CSB can have excessive lateral displacement and moment when the tension is adjusted, focusing only on longitudinal behavior, such as a straight CSB. In order to analyze the effect of the cable on the lateral behavior of bridges, the cable is divided into two groups according to the lateral displacement direction of the pylon due to tension. The influence of the combination ratio of GR1 and GR2 on the girder, bearing, pylon, and vertical anchor cable was analyzed. When the tension applied to the bridge is 1.0GR1 plus 1.0GR2, In the combination of 1.2GR1 plus 0.8GR2, the stress on the left and right upper member of the truss girder and the deviation of the both were minimized. In addition, the horizontal force of the bearing, the lateral displacement and moment of the pylon, and the tension of the vertical backstay cable also decreased. This study is expected to be used as basic data for determination of tension of CSB with similar geometry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.15-34
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• 2019

Today, there is increasing recognition of the importance of urban regeneration for better public places. Urban parks as a public area play an important role in harnessing its positive impact on people's well-being: where the standards and funding of/for the parks are getting worse. There is however less a focus on policy approach to park regeneration in the country. Neverthless, a few UK's cases of such innovative park management(PM) has shown successful park regeneration based on policy support. Therefore, the aim of this research is to draw policy implications by exploring a case of successful park regeneration. To address the aim, this research conducts an in-depth case study of 'Manor Fields Park, UK', digging into its PM structure and PM body 'Green Estate Ltd' in relation to relevant policy. The data is mainly collected by interviews including a group interview. The analytical framework 'Place-keeping(PK)' and its six dimensions are employed to determine the characteristics of MFP's PM structure. Resultingly, there is a significant shift in the approach to PM which stresses the principle of long-term and self-sustaining structure led by a non-profit organisation and strong impacts of policy. In this context, PK highlights significant drivers for parks regeneration particularly in terms of policy implications: 1)providing policy support to encourage non-profit organisations in PM, 2)extending community involvement in decision-making processes, 3)promoting income generation by community groups, 4)shifting public awareness of shared responsibility for PM, 5)completing regular park maintenance assessment by community groups, and 6)delivering low-maintenance approaches to PM. To support these implications, PM structure for successful parks regeneration does meet a holistic and multi-dimensional approach of place-keeping underlined by understanding policy contexts and rethinking current status quo of PM. Addressing these implications will shed light on urban PM in an era of austerity and ultimately contribute to improving people's well-being.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.4
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• pp.558-564
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of early revegetation by analyzing the characteristics of germination and growth of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya using boring technique in rock slopes. After making up a growing basis of approximately 20 cm depth and 10 cm diameter by using a boring machine, the surface of rock slopes was planted with vegetation-plant. The number of germinating populations by soil media was 23 in H.s, 22 in T.s, 12 in M.s, and 1 in M.g.s. The germination rate (%) by soil media was 19.2% in H.s, 18.3% in T.s, 10.0% in M.s and 0.8% in M.g.s. In monthly changes of growth rate, the aspect was northwest direction, the soil media was M.s, and the treatment was microorganism plot. The main factors affecting survivorship and growth of population were soil media and treatment plot. The interaction between each factor had a good effects in bearing ${\times}$ soil media, bearing ${\times}$ treatment plot, soil media ${\times}$ treatment plot. but, it is recommended that the mulching of vegetation plant is highly needed to help the germination of seed and growth of vegetation because of loss of seed and soil media occurred due to rainfall. Therefore, The result suggests that the revegetation technique using boring in rock slope was very efficient in respect of the early revegetation and the landscape.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.398-407
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• 2021

This study intended to identify causes of poor tree vigor in the Hanbando coastal forest by investigating its geographical environment, climate condition, soil physicochemical characteristics, and growth condition of Pinus thunbergii. It divided the forest into an area with poor tree vigor or dead standing trees and a control area with good tree vigor and examined them separately. The survey showed that stand density was significantly higher in the area with poor tree vigor. In contrast, the crown width in the area with good tree vigor was wider. The number of dead standing trees and the stand density showed a negative correlation. The stand density and diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, crown height, and crown width also showed a negative correlation. The result indicated that, as the tree's stand density increases, the crowns of individual trees overlapped and the lower branches died. Then crown height and crown width decreased, and the number of leaves and photosynthesis was reduced, leading to lower tree height and weaker growth of breast diameter. As a result, tree vigor weakened, and combined with environmental pressures from the lack of moisture and nutrients in coastal soil and salty wind, P. thunbergii in coastal areas is expected to die massively. Although the causes of dead standing trees and poor tree vigor of P. thunbergii in the Hanbando coastal forest are complicated, poor management of adequate tree density in response to the growth of P. thunbergii is the primary cause. The secondary cause is external environmental pressures, including unfavorable soil conditions and salty and strong wind that obstruct the growth of P. thunbergii.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.425-445
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to present policy implications for future urban regeneration projects by deriving factors that affect residents' life satisfaction by region. To this end, a survey was conducted and multiple regression analysis was conducted using the Changsin/Sungin-dong, Haebangchon, and Garibong-dong regions where the general type of neighborhood regeneration project of Seoul was conducted. As a result of the analysis, it was found that life satisfaction increased when autonomy among the local governance factors in Changsin/Sungin-dong and autonomy and network in Garibong-dong increased. When examining the factors of regional regeneration capacity for each region, in terms of local identity, landscape characteristics in all three regions had a significant effect on the life satisfaction of residents. In the case of local communities, it was found that the satisfaction with life of residents increased when individual competence in Changsin/Sungin-dong and participation capacity and relationship competence in Garibong-dong increased. In terms of local assets, natural and social assets in all three regions had a significant effect on the life satisfaction of residents. Therefore, it is judged that the relationship between the influence of residents' life satisfaction in the general type of neighborhood regeneration project for neighborhood regeneration will be a meaningful data in promoting the urban regeneration project.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.413-421
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• 2022

This study was conducted to identify the vegetation structure of the Abies nephrolepis forests by analyzing species composition in Mt. Doota and Mt. Cheongok in the Gangwon region with the phytosociological method. In order to perform a field investigation, 18 survey areas with an area of about 400 m2 were set up for the stands where A. nephrolepis grow wild. Communities were classified through TWINSPAN and visualized using DCA (Detrended Correspondence Analysis). Species diversity analysis, importance value analysis, and DBH class analysis were employed to identify the characteristics of each community. As a result, the A. nephrolepis forests in Mt. Doota and Mt. Cheongok have been classified into 4 communities; GroupI, II, III and IV. GroupIis Quercus mongolica-A. nephrolepis competitive forest dominated by Q. mongolica and A. nephrolepis in the order. Group II is A. nephrolepis-Betula ermanii competitive forest dominated by A. nephrolepis, Sorbus commixta, and B. ermanii in the order. Group III is dominated by A. nephrolepis, but is expected to have competition between A. nephrolepis and Q. mongolica in the future due to the mass occurrence of Q. mongolica saplings. A. nephrolepis, S. commixta, and Q. mongolica are the dominant species in Group IV, and A. nephrolepis is the major dominant species in all layers. The species diversity of the A. nephrolepis forests in Mt. Doota and Mt. Cheongok is lower than other A. nephrolepis forests in Mt. Seorak, Maruguem, and Mt. Odae. It is necessary to establish conservation measures and to continuously monitor the A. nephrolepis forests in Mt. Doota and Mt. Cheongokis due to the harsh environment and the competition that may occur between A. nephrolepis and deciduous trees such as Q. mongolica in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.43-57
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• 2022

The Land Suitability Assessment is mandatory by National Land Planning and Utilization Act and the results are considered in the establishment of urban master plan and urban management plan. The study aims to examine whether the application of Land Suitability Assessment in developed urban areas is appropriate. A simulation analysis based on the Seoul's data of environmental ecological, physical, and spatial characteristics was conducted on urban green, the only applicable land for the assessment in Seoul. The results of the assessment shows that all pieces of lands in urban green is suitable for 'development'. This conflicts to the purpose of land use of urban green which needs to be conserved to protect the natural environment and landscape, animals and plants, environmental pollution, and urban sprawl. In the analysis applying optional indicators such as the distance from the area of Biotope Class 1 to prevent this conflict, the results shows little difference. This supports the necessity to review this regulation including an option to exclude developed urban areas such as Seoul in the assessment.