• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.59-71
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• 2014

We investigated soil contamination depending on the land use by examining the contamination levels and distribution characteristics of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the national soil. Total PAHs (the sum of 16 PAH concentrations) and carcinogenic PAHs (the sum of seven carcinogenic PAH concentrations) were $8.50{\sim}3,437.16{\mu}g/kg$ and $2.94{\sim}2,136.96{\mu}g/kg$, respectively. The concentration of benzo(a)pyrene, one of the contaminants regulated by the soil quality standard in the nation, was $ND{\sim}924.73{\mu}g/kg$. Its maximum value of $924.73{\mu}g/kg$ was detected in railroad (Region 3) and is approximately 13% of the standard value for Region 3 (i.e., 7 mg/kg). We also investigated the characteristics of contamination sources of PAHs in soil of the upland, forests, roads, and railroads, examining the fraction distribution of PAHs concentration by the number of benzene rings against the total PAHs concentration. The results demonstrate that the mean fraction of 4~6-ring PAHs against total PAHs concentration in soil was in the range of 51.8~80.7% with relative abundance of high-molecular PAHs, showing that the origin of contamination is under the category of combustion sources. When the molecular indices (Flu/(Flu/Pyr), Ant/(Ant+Phe), InP/(InP+BP), and BaA/(BaA+Chr)) were applied, they were also categorized as petroleum-based combustion sources. The individual PAH concentrations in soil by the land use were grouped into Regions 1, 2, and 3, which are statistically treated and are the parts of the national category system of soil quality standard. As a result, the concentration level of 16 PAHs was $0.02{\sim}2.63{\mu}g/kg$ in Region 1, $0.05{\sim}4.26{\mu}g/kg$ in Region 2, and $2.36{\sim}178.27{\mu}g/kg$ in Region 3. The concentration level of 6 carcinogenic PAHs was 14.2~320.4% against that of benzo(a)pyrene in Region 3 and sites of recycling waste sleepers. Considering that there were similarities among PAHs in terms of structures and toxicities, it would be recommended to review other types of carcinogenic PAHs together with benzo(a)pyrene when developing the soil quality standards in the nation.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.283-291
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• 2014

To study the distribution characteristics of diatom communities in relation to the gradient of water quality and land-use, water samples and epilithic diatoms were collected from 90 sites including mainstream and tributaries, in the Geum River System (GRS) during no rainfall, May 2011. Of 239 taxa identified, Achnanthes convergens and Cymbella minuta were dominated over all the sites. Cluster analysis on the GRS divided into three groups. Group 1 (G1) is the mountainous upstream, a relatively good water quality, and mainly consisted of saproxenous species. Group 2 (G2) is the urban sites, polluted (high in electric conductivity, total phosphate and soluble reactive phosphorus), and saproxenous and common species. Group 3 (G3) is the agriculture sites, and polluted (turbidity, total nitrogen, nitrate), and saprophilous species. There were some discrepancies between abiotic and biotic variables in GRS; biologically similar between G1 and G2, but abiotically similar between G2 and G3. These differences may attribute to not only physiological characteristics of diatom cells, but complicate relationships between microhabitat and water quality. Thus, an urgent development of generalized or standardized methods to diminish the differences between epilithic diatom community and environments is advent.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.93-105
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• 2000

GIS is a powerful toolbox in managing spatial data associated with attribute data. However GIS is short of spatial analysis function and graphic user interface(GUI) function in dealing with dynamic planning problems. Decision Support Systems(DSS) make up for the shortage of GIS by providing GUI function, modeling function and database function. Spatial Decision Support Systems(SDSS), a new kind of DSS, incorporate display function, basic spatial analysis function and manipulation function of spatial data and attribute data of GIS and GUI function, modeling function and database function of DSS in dealing with spatial planning problems. Planning Support Systems(PSS) add more advanced spatial analysis function and intertemporal function to the functions of SDSS. This study focuses on the modeling of a PSS for capacity expansion of water-distribution network depending upon land use planning by using GIS, value engineering(VE) and life cycle costing(LCC). The PSS shows a guideline about the investment of water-distribution networks related to urban growth management through generating certain numbers of dynamic alternatives to supply the amount of water caused by land use planning.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.662-666
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• 2011

In this study, distribution characteristics of dioxins in soils in Busan, Korea were investigated regarding different land use types. Soil sampling sites that distributed through the Busan city showed dioxin concentration ranging from 0.489 to $322.736pg-TEQ\;g^{-1}$ dry weight with a mean value of $26.257pg-TEQ\;g^{-1}$ dry weight. The mean dioxin concentrations of investigated soils ranged from 1.554 to $50.357pg-TEQ\;g^{-1}$ dry weight in consideration of each land use type. That in metal refinery sites with $50.357pg-TEQ\;g^{-1}$ dry weight was higher than any other sites, followed by waste incinerator sites with $44.285pg-TEQ\;g^{-1}$ dry weight. The majority of soil samples had the same dioxin congener profiling despite the different range of dioxin concentration. Octa-CDD was the major contributor among seventeen dioxin congeners with the range from 29.5 to 70.1% in real values. In contrast to real values, dioxin congener profiles in TEQ values were dominated by 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF which contributed about 35.3~43.8% to the total dioxin concentrations. It was judged by these results that penta-CDF was the major contributor of soil samples in Busan city. The mean ratio of PCDFs/PCDDs in real values was about 0.71, but that in TEQ values was, in contrast to it, approximately 3.03.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.99-110
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• 2024

According to the REDD+ program, it is necessary to monitor, quantify, and report forest conditions in protected land areas. The objectives of this work were to quantify the average monthly aerial net primary productivity (ANPP_MONTH) of semi-arid Chaco Forest at Copo National Park (CNP), Santiago del Estero, Argentina, during the period 2000-2023, as well as its spatial distribution and relationship, and its use efficiency (RUE) of average monthly rainfall (AMR). The ANPP_MONTH model accounted for 90% of the seasonal variability from October to May, the average seasonal ANPP_MONTH was 145 tons of dry matter per hectare (t dm/ha), being the maximum in January with 192 t dm/ha and the minimum in May with 91 t dm/ha. The surface area covered by ANPP_MONTH exhibited a consistent positive trend from October to May (t test=15.65, p<0.01). Strong and significant direct relationships were found between ANPP_MONTH and AMRs, linear models explaining 90% and 96% of the variability, respectively. The results obtained become reference values for assessing the capacity of the forest systems to stock carbon for global warming mitigation and for monitoring and controlling their response to extreme climatic adversities. The average ANPP_MONTH reduces uncertainty when defining the thresholds to monitor and quantify ANPP and forest area, thus facilitating the detection of negative changes in land use in CNP. Such results evidence the National Parks Administration's high effectiveness for the maintenance of protected area and for the high ANPP of the FCHS of CNP in the period 2000-2023.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.181-186
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• 2006

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2010

Large pressure on the growing population has increased rapid change in the LULC (land use/land cover) patterns in the watershed area. Spatial distribution of LULC information and its changes are desirable for any effective planning, managing and monitoring activities. The aim of the study is to produce the 1,50,000 scaled LULC change map for the sub-watershed, Western Moyar, India using the multi-temporal satellite image dataset of IRS LISS III images for the year 1989, 1999, and 2002. About 9 classes are extracted using onscreen visual interpretation techniques for all the three years. The change detection analysis was performed using matrix method for period I (1989-1999) and period II (1999-2002). The study reveals that the changes noticed in period II (1999-2002) is comparatively more than period I (1989-1999), which is dynamic information to protect the sub-watershed area from the deterioration and paves the way to for the sustainable development.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.116-127
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• 2021

Predicting carbon distribution of soil aggregates is difficult due to complexity in organo-mineral formation. This limits global warming mitigation through soil carbon sequestration. Therefore, knowledge of land use effect on carbon stabilization requires quantification of soil mineral cations. The study was conducted to quantify carbon and base cations on soil mineral fractions in Natural Forest, Plantation Forest and Farm Land. Five 0.09 ha were demarcated alternately along 500 m long transect with an interval of 50 m in Natural Forest (NF), Plantation Forest (PF) and Farm Land (FL). Soil samples were collected with soil cores at 0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm depths in each plot. Soil core samples were oven-dried at 105℃ and soil bulk densities were computed. Sample (100 g) of each soil core was separated into >2.0, 2.0-1.0, 1.0-0.5, 0.5-0.05 and <0.05 mm aggregates using dry sieve procedure and proportion determined. Carbon concentration of soil aggregates was determined using Loss-on-ignition method. Mineral fractions of soil depths were obtained using dispersion, sequential extraction and sedimentation methods of composite soil samples and sieved into <0.05 and >0.05 mm fractions. Cation exchange capacity of two mineral fractions was measured using spectrophotometry method. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and ANOVA at α_0.05. Silt and sand particle size decreased while clay increased with increase in soil depth in NF and PF. Subsoil depth contained highest carbon stock in the PF. Carbon concentration increased with decrease in aggregate size in soil depths of NF and FL. Micro- (1-0.5, 0.5-0.05 and <0.05 mm) and macro-aggregates (>2.0 and 2-1.0 mm) were saturated with soil carbon in NF and FL, respectively. Cation exchange capacity of <0.05 mm was higher than >0.05 mm in soil depths of PF and FL. Fine silt (<0.05 mm) determine the cation exchange capacity in soil depths. Land use and mineral size influence the carbon and cation exchange capacity of Gambari Forest Reserve.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.145-158
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• 1998

The selection of proposed sites for the general logistic center of agriculture products would be made the most suitable place by considering the spread of population as real consumers, the prospect of the demand, the expansion of traffic system, the regional, hourly and carring traffic volume and the use of land based urban planning, etc. As the preconsideration, the possible occupant companies have to be selected on the category of business and the district. After posing questions and having interview, several selected regions would be compared and analysed for deciding the most suitable place. The model for the general logistic center of agricultural products must be selected taking key factors approach for choosing key factors at first and referring to many documentary records. And the more, cooperating with the specialists for location selection and making objective questions to concerned companies, the most suitable place is selected by marking high score for the moderate land cost, the low traffic jam, the connection with the back cities and the possible expansion as the general logistic center of agriculture products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.367-378
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• 2008

The study is the establishment of spaceborne monitoring plan for land management. Spaceborne monitoring is land use change detection, tracking and forecasting process. For land management spaceborne monitoring plan are First, land monitoring system and long-term planning. Secondly, the spaceborne monitoring agency dedicated to specify. Thirdly, to educate the spaceborne monitoring the area of professional manpower. Fourth, data sharing and distribution systems to be prepared. Fifth, to establish real-time airborne monitoring systems. Sixth, to improve the relevant legal and institution. Seventh, continuing research and development of related technologies, and support.