• 생태와환경
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.320-329
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• 2022

Urban areas in watersheds increase the impervious surface, and agricultural areas deteriorate the water quality of rivers due to the use of fertilizers. As such, anthropogenic land use affects the type, intensity and quantity of land use and is closely related to the amount of substances and nutrients discharged to nearby streams. Riparian vegetation reduce the concentration of pollutants entering the watershed and mitigate the negative impacts of land use on rivers. This study analyzes the data through correlation analysis and regression analysis through point data measured twice a year in spring and autumn in 21 selected damaged tributary rivers within the Han River area, and then uses a structural equation model to determine the area land use. In the negative impact on water quality, the mitigation effect of riparian vegetation was estimated. As a result of the correlation analysis, the correlation between the agricultural area and water quality was stronger than that of the urban area, and the area ratio of riparian vegetation showed a negative correlation with water quality. As a result of the regression analysis, it was found that agricultural areas had a negative effect on water quality in all models, but the results were not statistically significant in the case of urban areas. As a result of the model estimated through the structural equation, BOD, COD, TN, and TP showed a mitigation effect due to the accumulation effect of river water quality through riparian vegetation in agricultural areas, but the effect of riparian vegetation through riparian vegetation was found in urban areas. There was no These results were interpreted as having a fairly low distribution rate in urban areas, and in the case of the study area, there was no impact due to riparian forests due to the form of scattered and distributed settlements rather than high-density urbanized areas. The results of this study were judged to be unreasonable to generalize by analyzing the rivers where most of the agricultural areas are distributed, and a follow-up to establish a structural equation model by expanding the watershed variables in urban areas and encompassing the variables of various factors affecting water quality research is required.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.200-206
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• 2017

도시화로 인한 서식지의 훼손과 단편화는 전세계적으로 양서류에게 큰 위협이 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 도시화가 청개구리의 분포와 수도에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자, 인천와 그 주변에 위치한 18개 논에서 청음으로 청개구리의 수도를 측정하고 서식지 환경과 토지 이용을 조사하였다. 인천과 주변 논에서 청개구리의 수도는 0 - 17마리 / 서식지 또는 0 - 41마리 / ha이었다. 청개구리의 수도는 서식지와 도로와의 거리가 멀어짐에 따라서 서식지의 둘레길이 면적이 켜질수록 증가하였다. 일반적인 예측과는 달리 청개구리의 밀도는 서식지의 크기와 음의 상관을, 주변의 토지이용 강도와는 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 따라서 도시화에 의하여 서식지 면적이 감소하고 주변이 개발됨에 따라서 청개구리리가 좁은 서식지로 집중화될 수 있다고 생각된다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.78-91
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• 2007

금번 연구에서 울산지역의 토지이용도에 따른 지하수 수질 및 오염특성을 파악하고, 지하수의 오염 정도를 평가하고 도면으로 시각화하는 방법인 오염지수를 산출하였다. 연구지역내 216개 시료에 대한 지하수의 화학조성은 매우 다양하게 나타나며, 전기전도도의 경우, $100{\sim}31,360\;{\mu}S/cm$로 매우 큰 변화를 보이고 있다. pH값은 $4.6{\sim}8.57$의 범위로 산성 내지 약알카리를 보이며 평균값은 7.0이다. 연구지역 지하수의 화학조성은 토지용도에 따라 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 해석되었다. 수질유형은 $Ca-HCO_3$, $Ca-Na-HCO_3$, 유형이 우세하며, 주거/상업지역과 공업지역 지하수의 경우는 농업지역과 녹지지역 지하수에 비해 Cl이 풍부한 (Na, Ca)-Cl 유형으로 변하고 있다. 연구지역 오염지수의 범위는 $1.1{\sim}117.6$으로 평균은 9.56으로 산출되었다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.89-113
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to develop means to apply GIS and remote sensing technology to the analysis of Korean urban open spaces. To achieve this objective, a framework of analysis of urban open spaces was developed, and then the framework was applied for the evaluation of the potential and suitability of open spaces of Ansan City, which is a new town developed to accomodate industries relocation from Seoul, Korea, mainly due to their pollution problems. The software used in this study are IDRISI, a grid-based GIS, and KMIPS, a remote sensing analysis system. Both packages are based on IBM PC/AT computers with Microsoft DOS. Landsat MSS and TM data were used for the land use classification, land use change detection, and analysis of transformed vegetation indices. The size of the geographic data base is 110 rows and 150 columns with the spatial resolution of 100m$\times$100m. The framework of analysis includes both quanititative and qualitative analysis of open spaces. The quantitative analysis includes size and distribution of open spaces, urban develpment of open spaces, and the degree of vegree of vegetation removal of the study area. The qualitative analysis includes evaluative criteria for primary productivity of land, park use potential, major visual resources, and urban environmental control. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the size of builtup areas increased 18.73km$^2$, while the size of forest land decreased 10.86km$^2$ during last ten years. Agricultural lands maintained its size, but shifted toward outside of the city into forest. Second, the potential of open spaces for park use is limited mainly due to their lack of accessibility and connectivity among open spaces, in spite of ample acreage and good site conditions. Third, major landscape elements and historic sites should be connected to the open space system of the city by new accesses and buffers.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2019

This study attempted to study the soil erosion dynamic in the Bagmati Basin of Nepal. In this study, an inclusive methodology that combines Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and GIS techniques was adopted to determine the distribution of soil loss in the study basin. As well, this study attempts to study the intensity of soil erosion in the seven different land use patterns in the Bagmati Basin. Soil loss is an associated phenomenon of hydrologic cycle and this dynamic phenomenon possesses threats to sustainability of basin hydrology, agriculture system, hydraulic structures in operation and overall ecosystem in a long run. Soil conservation works, and various planning and design of watersheds works demands quantification of soil loss. The results of the study in Bagmati Basin shows the total annual soil loss in the basin is 22.93 million tons with an average rate of 75.83T/ha/yr. The computed soil loss risk was divided into five classes from tolerable to severe and the spatial pattern was mapped for easy interpretation. Also, evaluation of soil loss in different land use categories shows barren area has highest rate of soil loss followed by agriculture area. This is a preliminary work and provides erosion risk scenario in the basin. The study can be further used for strategic planning of land use and hydrologic conservation works in a basin.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

도시 내 유휴지 및 하천, 도로변과 같은 공공시설부지는 오랫동안 도시민에게 도시농업 공간(텃밭)을 제공해 왔다. 그러나 유휴지와 공공시설부지에서 이루어지는 대부분의 경작은 불법이어서 텃밭 이용자와 토지소유자 그리고 공공시설 관리자간의 갈등을 유발하고, 도시경관의 질 저하, 환경오염, 공공시설물 훼손 등의 문제를 야기하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 도시 내 공공시설부지 등에서 무단으로 경작되는 도시농업을 양성화할 수 있는 방안 제시를 목적으로 도시지역에 다양한 형태로 산재한 텃밭의 분포 및 이용 실태를 조사 분석하였다. 조사는 대구광역시 시지지역을 사례지로 선정하여 현장 조사, 텃밭 이용자 및 주말농장 운영기관 담당자와의 면담을 통해 이루어졌다. 연구 결과, 도시텃밭은 접근이 쉬운 주택가 인근의 개발이 제한된 녹지지역에 주로 분포했으며, 주거지에 인접할수록 텃밭의 분포수가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 토지이용 유형별로는 농경지에 분포하는 텃밭의 비율이 월등히 높았으나, 도로, 하천 등 공공시설부지에 분포하는 비율도 농경지의 3분의 1을 상회하였다. 텃밭을 경작하는 사람들 중 개인 소유 토지를 무임 경작하는 사람들의 비율이 가장 높았고, 국 공유지 무단경작 비율이 다음으로 높았다. 도시 내 유휴지와 하천, 도로, 철도 등 공공시설이 위치하는 국 공유지를 텃밭으로 무임, 무단 경작하는 사람들 대부분은 노인으로 나타나, 노인 여가 공간으로서의 도시텃밭의 잠재력을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 조사대상지가 특정 지역에 국한된 점, 텃밭의 규모를 실측하지 못한 점 등의 한계가 있으나, 도시텃밭의 분포 및 이용 특성을 파악하여 불법으로 경작되는 도시농업의 양성화 및 제도적 수용 필요성을 제기했다는 데, 그 의의가 있다고 생각된다.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2007년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.211-214
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to establish the basic information for natural drainage capacity assessment in urban area. We sorted midium watershed of Han river and Nak-dong river, and selected 30 rainfall events during 1995 to 2000 according to high level of damage. The inundated area showed high watershed slope about 25% and it indicated the greatest damage around the watershed located in 200-300m of altitude. Besides, the great damage by inundation was occurred in the mountainous agriculture region, where the forest scale was high and the urbanization was being progressed gradually. However, inundated area was small in case of grassland, water tone such as riparian area, bare ground and wetland. Moreover, the inundated area was different according to river shape and characteristics of river distribution such as the density of the stream order, conservation constant of the river system, and the number of undulations in the watershed. Therefore, it showed that land use, river shape and distribution characteristics of stream influence on inundation.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2013

The objective of this paper is to provide a review on the latest development on the main initiative and approaches for the sustainability criteria for biofuels. A large number of national and international initiative lately experienced rapid development in the review of the biofuels targets announced in the European Union (EU), United States (US) and other countries worldwide. The global biofuel targets are likely to have a strong impact on land use and agricultural markets. Although biofuels production provides new options for using agricultural crops, there are environmental, social and economic concerns associated with biofuel production. The diversity of feedstock, large number of biofuels pathway an their complexity lead to a high uncertainty over the greenhouse gas (GHG) performances of biofuels, in terms of GHG emission reductions compared to the fossil fuels, expecially if land use change is involved. This paper describes an overview of current status of ongoing certification initiative in Europe and worldwide for biofuels sustainability. It also provides mandatory requirements as part of an sustainability scheme in EU, United Kingdom, US and international approaches and should be reviewed to introduce based on global trends in Korea.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.39-52
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• 1994

Existing natural resources were analyzed in regional scale in order to suggest natural park guidelines as a previous step of conservation plan. Results of both existing natural resources and land potentiality in preceding paper were combined to suggest comprehensive and qualitative method for understanding of natural land. Regional characteristics of natural park were, then, analyzed by this method, and specific planning guidelines were discussed. The existing natural resources were analyzed by the degree of location quotient, which were found by comparison of the grade of vegetation naturalness and the bio-physical land unit in preceding paper. Then, allowance of existing natural resources was identified, and importance of protection was described based on this result. The bio-physical land unit on Tokyo Province was found to be composed by smaller land units, which had a variety of relationship with grade of vegetation naturalness: from the specific(1st) to many stages(5th). This meant a characteric of each land unit. By this combined approach, the characteristics and spatial distribution of natural land were discussed in the regional scale, and characteristic of nateral park were analyzed in terms of natural location. National park were located in the land unit where both land capability and importance of portection were the 6th. Quasi national park and 1 province natural park were located in the land unit where land capability was the 6th and importance of protection were the 5th. Seven province natural parks were located in the land unites were both criteria under the 5th were mixed. based on the results of this study, the followings were suggested for specific planning guidelines in the case of Takao quasi nation park: (a) conservative land use within the limit of carrying capacity of this area by the conservation of biotic and abiotic natural resources, (b) conservation of both natural and semi-natural vegetation, (c) utilization of this area as a urban forest.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2007

Studies in landscape ecology have emphasized on the relationship between landscape patterns and shapes. A variety of landscape metrics has been developed so far to quantify landscape structures. Therefore, their developments and widespread applications become possible with the advent of spatial information systems including geographic information systems(GIS) and remote sensing. This study is to grasp the change of land use and landscape ecology indices, and to analyze the change of landscape structure in a part of Gyeonggi-do during 15 years from 1985 to 2000. Green-area distribution maps and agricultural-area distribution maps for the analysis were reconstructed from land cover maps constructed by WAMIS(Water Management Information System). And then, 4 landscape ecology indices(TA, LPI, SHAPE_AM, CAI_MN) for the green-area and 5 landscape ecology indices(TA, PD, LPI, LSI, CAI_MN) for the agricultural-area were selected by using pearson correlation analysis. According to the spatio-temporal change analysis using landscape ecology indices, the green-area fragmentation of Yongin was the most severe of the study area and the agricultural-area fragmentation of Gwangju and Namyangju was more severe than any other regions.