• 대한가정학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.83-101
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• 1981

Under the full consideration of the growing need and importance of population education in the field of home economics in Korea, the study was carried out to verify and assess the following facts on the current issues of population education of home economists who are presently engaging in teaching professions as the teachers of middle and high school and professors of college and universities by setting its primary objectives of the study as followings; 1) to assess the degree of general knowledge and attitudes of home economists toward population education in the field of home economics, 2) to verify the problems encountered in implementing population education by home economists in its field, 3) to find an existing status of previous trainings received and other activities of population education of home economists aimed at utilizing these findings as a part of reference materials when the population education is conducted in the field of home economics. In order to attain these objectives described above, the questionnaire was carefully designed to house a total of 40 questions with good combination of multiple-choice and the simple answer questions. The mail questionnaire survey was conducted by establishing teachers of home economics at middle/high schools and college/universities as Senior Home Economists(SHE) who are from public, private liberal arts and vocational schools. The rate of response observed during the survey was 45.6 percent and the findings of the survey research are as follows: 1) Examining the status of the respondents by residence and religion, it was found that 45 percent of middle & high school teachers ar.d 59. 1 percent of college professors are residing in Seoul city area and that the largest percent of them are christian in their religion. Analyzing respondents by their ages, 56 percent of middle/high school teachers are in their 30s, 45 percent of college professors are in their 40s, and 37 percent of college teachers are in their 30s. In addition, 13 percent of the total respondents are found to be unmarried. The study also revealed that 71 percent of the college professors finished Master Degree course and 82 percent of middle/high school teachers are graduated from college level lasting 4 years. Looking over the status cf major fields of respondents, 68.4 percent of middle/high school teachers are specialized in home economic education and the college professors, on the other hand, show relatively even prortion by specializing in the order of food & nutrition science, clothes & textile science and home managerial science. As far as the length of teaching experience is concerned, a relatively longer period of teaching experience is observed in the college professors in comparison with that of middle/high school teachers. In other words, 33.3 percent of middle/high school teachers are experienced in teaching from 6 to 10 years on average while 43.9 percent of college professors show more than 16 years of experience. 2) Examining the status of existing number of children cf the respondents, one boy and one daughter pattern is predominant, showing 28.5 percent in middle/high school teachers and 21.1 percent in college professors. As for the desired number of children of unmarried respondents, it is observed that 43.8 percent of middle/high school teachers desire to have one boy and one girl, and 31.3 percent of college professors want to have one child regardless of the sex. By assessing the degree of awareness of the population education through their students, it is observed that 53 percent of middle/high school teachers and 50 percent of college professors are aware of population education in some extent and that a majority of respondents took the positive attitudes toward an inclusion of family planning components into the formal school education. Another noteworthy to observe is that a total of 84.8 percent out of middle/high school teachers pointed that the population education currently conducted at schools as a part of home economics are less sufficient than it should be. 3) Analyzing the tendency as to whether the respondents were experienced in receiving population education during the time when they were students, 75 percent of college professors and 59 percent of middle/high school teachers responded negative answers in the survey. In the mean time, a total of 50 percent of the respondents replied that they began to acknowledge the importance of population education mainly through the participation of some sort of population-education orientend seminars, experienced by 40 percent of college professors and 80 percent of middle/high school teachers. 4) What it calls attention in this study was to find that 96.5 percent of middle/high school teachers and 72 percent of college professors conduct population education to some extent during their lecture hours and that more than 80 percent of them are never experienced in teaching population and family planning contents in their regular classes. It is, on the other hand, found that no more than once was the response of those who believe themselves that they are experienced in teaching these relevant components to their students. Analyzing the contents of the subjects being taught in the class, a large percent of them are found to be consisted of population and family planning contents. According to this study, the current population education through the formal school is quite inactive. Analyzing the facts, 44.9 percent of the college professors responded that the population and family planning components are quite apart from their specialization which eventually generates lack of interest in the field. 5) It is also noticed through the study that the degree of frequency of commenting on population and family planning contents during the classes was depending significantly on their specializations which means that the degree of frequency varies from a major to another. Those who majored in home managerial science was the first one, as compared to others who majored in different specializations. Glancing over the status of correlations between ages of the respondents and numbers of seminar paticipation, it is quite clear that the aged group participated more than the younger group did, and that the most highest number of participations made by college professors were those who are in 50s. In addition, it is also found that those who are aged 20s and 60s of the respondents were the group who comments least on the contents of population and family planning at their classes. The suggestions and recommendation made through this survey research are as follows. 1) No one denies that the rapid increase of population, as compared to the limited size of land and resources, will certainly affect adversly to an enhancement of individual life quality which will, eventually, bring forth the poverty of the nation. This is the reasson why we are insisting that the world population be controlled up to an optimum level with a matter of global concerns. It is our understading that the primary aim for reducing number of population is believed to be attained only by conducting the systematic and comprehensive population education through the formal schools. Therefore, the role of home economists in the field of population/family planning education is considered very importment due to the fact that an ultimate goal of population education is placed in elevating the quality of family life by having optimum number of children through family planning program. 2) It is quite clear that home economists as teachers of formal school in all level are invited to pay their attention on redefining the ultimate goal of education and that of population education. We also understant that the primary objective of population education is to change the norm and value of the clients by replenishing the students with pertinent knowledge and attitudes on population and its related problems through a sort of education in order to attain the ultimate goal for enhancing the quality of life. There is no exception in the theory of home economics. An altimate goal of home economics is to elevate the general quality of life through an establishment of value existed in daily life. Considering the relations between population education and home economics, it is quite indespensable to bandle population components as an integral part in the field of home economics. We believe, therefore, that the senior home economists positive participation in the effort population control is more needed than it has been. 3) It is also strongly urged that population education should be a part of instructor training course for home economics. In other words, the teacher of home economics should be well aware of population and its problems by teaching interrelationship between population education and home economics, needs, contents and methods of population education during the instructor training courese for home economics. In addition, the senior home economists should be encouraged through positive participation on the short term training by types of domestic and international seminar, workshop, etc. 4) We certainly believe that the population education can not sustain itself without any backing-up of information and findings' of various and comprehensive researches of natural and social sciences. Accordingly, every senior home economist is invited to exert their maximum effort to conduct systematic study with an aim to utilize these findings and information at best in population education in the field of home economics. Therefore, we consider that the development of training material is imminent in order to provide effective and efficient population education through the for training of home economies. It should be noted that these training materials must be carefully designed, tailored and developed to meet the different classes of trainees under the considerations as to whether it is easily adaptable and infusable into the curricula of every field of home economics, and it is acceptable in the degree of difficulty and quality in its contents. 5) It is true that there are many domestic and international research rapers, reports and findings in the field of population education and family planning. However, there is a tendency that the most of research papers are heavily relying on the authors intension and preferences in its expression and publication. Under these circumstances, it is urged that the home economists should aware of the growing need of the technical training in order to keep these available information and research findings reprocessed and redesigned to insure the practical application into the population education in the field of home economics in Korea.

• 한국석유지질학회지
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• 제8권1_2
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• pp.1-43
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• 2000

황해 및 인접 지역에 위치하는 퇴적 분지들의 구조적 진화에 따른 층서를 이해하기 위한 비교 연구가 통합층서기술을 이용하여 수행되었다. 본 연구의 잠정적 결과로 우리는 각 분지별 퇴적층들의 시$\cdot$공간상의 대비가 가능한 층서틀을 제안한다. 본 연구의 결과로 제안된 층서틀은 향후 황해 및 인접 지역의 석유자원 탐사를 위한 새로운 층서적 사고의 틀로 사용될 수 있을 것이다. 생층서 자료와 결합시켜 수행한 통합층서해석 결과, 캠브로-오오도비스기, 석탄기-트라이아스기, 쥬라기 초기-중기, 쥬라기 말기-백악기 초기, 백악기 후기, 팔레오세-에오세, 올리고세, 마이오세 초기, 마이오세 중기-플라이오세 퇴적층 등 9개의 단위층들이 인지된다. 본 연구를 통해 인지된 9개 단위층들은 구조층서단위로 황해 및 인접 지역 퇴적 분지들의 퇴적 작용 및 분지 형성과 변형에 관련된 구조운동 등에 관한 정보를 제공해 준다 남황해 분지는 고생대 동안 남중국 지괴의 북쪽 연변부에 발달하는 대륙 연변부 분지로 시작되었다 쇄설성 및 탄산염 퇴적물들이 상대적 해수면의 변동에 따라 윤회성을 보이면서 분지 내에 퇴적되었다. 그러나, 데본기 동안의 칼레도니안 조산운동에 의해 분지는 융기되어 침식을 받았으며, 결과로 캠브로-오오도비스기 단위층과 석탄기-트라이아스기 단위층 사이에 부정합이 형성되었다. 북중국 지괴와 남중국 지괴가 충돌될 때인 페름기 말기로부터 트라이아스기 말기 사이에 인도시니안 조산운동이 일어났다. 북중국 지괴와 남중국 지괴의 충돌에 따라 친링-다비-수루-임진강 습곡대가 형성되었으며, 고생대 퇴적층들은 융기된 후 변형을 받게 되었다. 이 후 습곡대에 평행한 대륙전사면이 빠르게 침강하면서 발해 분지 및 서한만 분지와 같은 대륙전사면 분지가 형성되어 쥬라기 초기-중기의 후조산성 퇴적물들이 분지를 충진시켰으며, 지역적으로 피기백 형태의 소규모 분지들이 저각의 역단층을 따라 발달하게 되었다. 이들 대륙전사면 분지나 피기백 형태의 분지들은 쥬라기 말기 동안에 일어나는 앤샤니안 조산운동 (일차)에 의해 변형된다. 그러나, 남황해 분지는 쥬라기 초기 및 중기 동안에 대륙내 침강 분지였던 것으로 보인다. 남황해 분지의 쥬라기 초기 및 중기 단위층은 분급도와 원마도가 양호한 규암역을 포함하는 두꺼운 기저 역암층과 함께 하성 및 호성 환경 하에서 퇴적된 사암 및 셰일들로 구성되어 있다. 한편, 탄루 단층대는 트라이아스기 말기로부터 좌수향의 운동을 시작하였으며, 쥬라기와 백악기를 거쳐 제삼기 초까지 계속되었다. 쥬라기 말기에 들어와 탄루 탄층대를 따라 이차 및 삼차 순위의 주향이동 단층들이 발달되면서 소규모 열개 분지들이 형성되기 시작하였다. 에오세말까지 지속된 탄루 단층의 이동에 의해 남황해 분지는 대규모의 횡압력을 받게되어 소규모 열개 분지들은 인리형 분지로 확장되었다. 그러나 쥬라기 말기와 에오세 말기까지 발해 분지는 융기되어 심한 변형을 받게되었다. 발해 분지의 백악기 초기 이후 에오세 말기까지의 부정합이 앤샤니안 조산운동 (이차 및 삼차)에 의해 형성된 것으로 해석된다. 한편 에오세 말에 이르러 인도판과 유라시아판의 충돌에 의한 히말라얀 조산운동의 영향으로 탄루 단층의 이동방향이 좌수향에서 우수향으로 변환되기 시작하면서 남황해 분지는 구조역전의 현상이 일어났으며, 동시에 발해 분지는 인리형 분지로 발달하게 되었다. 따라서, 올리고세 동안 발해 분지에서는 퇴적작용이, 남황해 분지에서는 심한 구조역전에 의한 분지변형이 동시에 일어났다 올리고세 이후 현재까지, 남황해 분지와 발해 분지들은 간헐적인 해침과 함께 광역적 침강을 유지하면서 안정된 대륙 및 대륙붕 지역으로 전이되었다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2023

본 연구는 근대 시기 일본풍 정원의 확립과정을 인물과 작품의 공간구성과 공간구성요소, 재료 등을 통해 살펴보고 우리 정원의 정체성 구현을 위한 자료로 삼고자 하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한국성이 수용하고 있는 인자를 한일 근대 시기 정원문화에 대입한 결과, 장소성, 현재성, 주체성에 있어 모두 차이를 보인다. 이는 근대 시기 한국에는 문화적인 단절이 있었던 반면, 일본은 비교적 온전한 문화 계승이 이루어졌다는 점에서 차이가 나타난 것으로 볼 수 있다. 둘째, 근대 시기 이전의 일본의 정원문화는 문화적인 단절 없이 일본 전역의 각기 각층에 보급되고 지속해서 발전해왔다. 근대 시기 메이지 정부는 문명개화 정책을 추진해 유럽과 미국의 선진문명 도입을 주도하여 서양식 건축법이 유행하게 되었다. 급속한 서양문화의 도입은 전통적인 일본문화가 잊히는 결과를 초래했다. 영국의 건축가 조시 콘더(Josiah Condor)는 일본인 건축가를 지도(1879)하고 정원의 화실, 일본정원의 전통적 디자인 등을 설계에 도입하였다. 메이지부터 다이쇼 시대에 교토지역에서 활동했던 오가와 지헤에(小川 治兵衛)의 정원양식은 일본의 전통문화를 지키고자 했던 정·재계 유력자들에게 받아들여졌고 각종 법령의 마련 등으로 보호 제도도 갖춰졌다. 셋째, 일본 근대정원의 정원가, 일본적인 구성요소, 재료, 요소와 일본풍을 중심으로 분석한 결과, 야마가타 아리토모(山縣 有朋), 오가와 지헤에(小川 治兵衛), 시게모리 미레에(重森 三玲) 등이 일본풍을 정원에 계승한 대표적 정원가이며, 공간구성의 특징으로 대지천(大池泉) 정원조성과 자연주의적 차경 수법의 도입, 물의 흐름을 도입하는 것이 특징적으로 나타났다. 일본풍 정원 구성요소의 특징은 잔디 활용, 곡선의 원로, 자연스러운 향토적 식재수종으로의 변화라고 할 수 있다. 넷째, 사례 대상지의 일본풍 인자를 분석한 결과, 공간구성의 개별 요소별로 특히 유수(흐름)의 활용이 47.06%의 비율로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 대지천과 자연주의적 차경도 확인되었다. 잔디의 식재와 곡선 원로의 도입은 각각 65.88%, 78.82% 비율로 나타났다. 수종 변화는 28.24%로 잔디의 식재나 곡선 원로의 적용보다는 비교적 적은 건수가 확인되었다. 다섯째, 우리는 근대 시기의 정원들을 확대 발굴하여 정원의 조성자나 소유주, 공간의 구성, 공간의 구성요소, 재료 등을 세부적으로 기록하고 우리나라 정원의 정체성을 찾는 데도 유용하게 활용해야 한다. 본 연구는 일본의 근대 시기 일본풍의 확립과정을 인물과 사례 정원을 통해 분석한 결과를 토대로 연구를 진행하였으나 보다 다수의 사례와 구체적인 기법의 분류 등 세부적인 연구를 진행하지 못한 것을 연구의 한계로 두고 차후 과제로 삼고자 한다.