• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.179-183
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• 1999

월동 배추 3품종 중 외형적 특징을 조사한 결과 '만풍'이 가장 크고, 무거웠으며 잎의 두께도 가장 두꺼웠다. 그러나 김치제조 시 다듬는 과정에서 초록색의 크고 두꺼운 겉잎이 많이 제거되어 가식부위의 무게는 '설왕'보다 적었다. 배추 3품종 중잎이 두꺼운 '만풍'이 경도 또한 가장 높았으며 산도도 높았다. 김치 제조 후 품질을 조사한 결과 '만풍'은 조직의 경도 저하가 다른 품종에 비하여 적었지만 pH 및 총산의 변화에 있어서는 '만풍' 품종이 가장 큰 변화를 보였다. 김치 발효시 초기의 주된 유기산은 citric acid였지만 발효가 진행되면서 lactic acid와 acetic acid의 생성량이 급격히 증가하였으며 숙성 말기의 주된 유기산은 lactic acid였으며 '만풍' 품종에서 679.7㎎/100g으로서 전체 유기산중 69.6%를 차지하였다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.410-414
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• 2004

Fed-batch cultures of Enterococcus faecalis RKY1 were performed to maximize the L(+)-Iactic acid concentration in the bioreactor. The highest lactic acid concentration was obtained at around 225 g/L by intermittent feeding the concentrated glucose media containing 500 g/L of glucose and 15 g/L (or 75 g/L) of yeast extract. However, in all fed-batch cultures, volumetric productivities of lactic acid gradually decreased due to the inhibitory effect of lactic acid produced during the fermentation. The highest value of lactic acid concentration obtained in this work corresponded to around 1.5-fold increase compared with conventional batch fermentation.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2004

The fungal species of Rhizopus oryzae 2062 has the capacity to carry out a single stage fermentation process for lactic acid production from potato starch wastewater. Starch hydrolysis, reducing sugar accumulation, biomass formation, and lactic acid production were affected with variations in pH, temperature, and starch source and concentration. A growth condition with starch concentration approximately 20 g/ L at pH 6.0 and 30$^{\circ}C$ was favourable for starch fermentation, resulting in a lactic acid yield of 78.3%∼85.5% associated with 1.5∼2.0 g/L fungal biomass produced in 36 h of fermentation.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.236-240
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• 1999

The characteristics of natural lactic acid fermentation of radish juice were investigated at different salt concentrations (0~2%) and temperatures (10~3$0^{\circ}C$). Major lactic acid bacteria isolated from the radish juice fermented at 2% slat concentration were Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus brevis. The percentage of lactic acid bacteria against total microbe in the fermented radish juice was over 80% at 0~1% salt concentrations, suggesting the possibility of fermentation even at low salt concentration, but was still active even at 1$0^{\circ}C$. The time to reach pH 4.0 during fermentation of juice of 1% salt concentration was 281~301 hrs at 1$0^{\circ}C$ and 50-73 hrs at 3$0^{\circ}C$. The concentrations of sucrose and glucose in the fermented juice were low at high temperatures and were the lowest at a 1.0% salt concentration. However, the content of mannitol showed the opposite trend. Although sour taste, ripened taste, and acidic odor of the fermented juice showed no significant differences among various temperatures and salt concentrations, sensory values of ripened taste and sour acidic were high at high temperatures. The overall quality was the best at 1.0% salt concentration, irrespective of the temperature.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권12호
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• pp.1693-1700
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• 2012

본 연구는 흑미를 첨가하여 막걸리를 제조하여 항산화 및 발효특성을 살펴보았다. 항산화 활성은 대조구에 비해 흑미 첨가구가 높았으며 특히 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 안토시아닌 함량과 비례하였다. 발효 3일째, pH는 급격히 감소하였으며 대조구에 비해 흑미 첨가구가 낮았다. 환원당과 유리당은 1일째 급격히 증가하였다가 그 이후 감소하는 경향을 나타내었는데 이는 발효 초기에 당화 효소 활성으로 쌀의 전분이 glucose와 maltose 등으로 분해되기 때문이다. 모든 유기산은 발효 동안 증가하였으며 lactic acid가 가장 높은 증가율을 나타내었다. 발효 동안 흑미 첨가 막걸리의 lactic acid와 succinic acid는 대조구와 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 발효 초기 젖산균수가 증가하여 3일째 최대에 달하였으며 이는 lactic acid가 급증한 시기와 일치하였다. 또한 흑미 첨가량이 많을수록 젖산균수가 높았다. 색도는 흑미의 붉은색의 영향으로 대조구에 비해 흑미 첨가구의 a값이 높았다. 관능검사 결과 외관은 흑미 첨가구가 높은 점수를 받았으나 전체적으로 단맛과 신맛의 영향을 받아 대조구와 20% 첨가구를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 흑미를 첨가할수록 항산화 성분은 증가하나 관능평가 결과로 보았을 때 흑미는 20% 수준 첨가하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 나타났다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2001

경상도 동해안 연안에서 향토식품으로만 명맥을 유지하고 있는 마른오징어를 주원료로 한 식해를 제조하여 젖산균을 분리 동정하고 숙성 과정 중 성분 변화를 조사하였다. 경상도 전통마른오징어 식해로부터 성장이 우수하고 산생성력이 강한 3 균주는 Lactobacillus brevis SH-1, Lactobacillus plantarum SH-2 및 Leuconostoc mensenteroides SH-3로 잠정적으로 동정되었다. 식해의 발효기간별 총균수 및 젖산균수는 시간이 경과함에 따라 차차 증가하다가 10일을 전후하여 차차 감소하였고 숙성 6일째 총균수 및 젖산균수는 각각 $3.7{\times}10^9$ 및$8.2{\times}10^8\;CFU/g$이였다. 식해의 비휘발성 유기산은 숙성과정 중 젖산을 포함하여 7 종류를 동정하였으며 구연산,주석산 및 젖산의 함량은 숙성과정 중 차차 증가하였고 특히 젖산의 증가는 다른 유기산보다 현저하게 증가하였다. 초산 및 주석산의 함량 변화는 숙성과정 7일 이후에 차차 증가하였다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.137-140
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• 2001

The objective of this study was isolation of halotolerant lactic acid bacteria for fermentation of food wastes. 5 strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from fermented foods. Among isolated strains, the strain 5-2 was selected according to the growth characteristics in food wastes containing medium. The selected strain 5-2 was identified as Pediococcus acidilactici based on its biochemical characteristics.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.494-503
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality and antioxidant properties of three fermented sweet potato cultivars (Shinyulmi, Hogammi, and Shinjami) using lactic acid bacteria. During the fermentation, the pH was lowered and the titratable acidity increased. The viable cell counts of lactic acid bacteria increased 8.44-9.62 log CFU/g. Organic acid content (especially lactic acid) of sweet potatoes increased by fermentation. Also, ${\gamma}$-Aminobutyric acid increased more than 8.6 times by fermentation in all samples. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of sweet potato, showed insignificant changes in all samples by fermentation. ABTS radical scavenging activity of all samples slightly decreased by fermentation, but not significantly. DPPH radical scavenging activity decreased slightly by fermentation except Shinyulmi. However, when compared with the varieties, Shinjami showed the highest activity. The reducing power of Shinjami decreased slightly by fermentation, but activity was the highest among all samples. Based on these results, most of the chemical properties and functionality of fermented sweet potato are retained after fermentation, although some antioxidant activity decreases. We suggest that three fermented sweet potato cultivars (Shinyulmi, Hogammi, and Shinjami) using lactic acid bacteria can be used in various applications because of their effective functional properties.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2008

The Chinese cabbage kimchi, baechoo-kimchi, is the most popular type of kimchi in Korea. This study was performed to investigate the changes of index microorganisms (aerobic bacteria, psychrotrophilic bacteria, coliforms, and Escherichia coli), lactic acid bacteria, pH, and acidity of kimchi during the long-term fermentation and ripening. A homemade-style traditional Korean baechoo-kimchi, was prepared from Chinese cabbage, red pepper, green onion, garlic, ginger, and salt-fermented anchovy sauce, and then incubated at $10^{\circ}C$ for 28 days. In the baechoo-kimchi, the number of aerobic bacteria increased with time. The number of psychrotrophilic bacteria maintained their numbers $(10^4CFU/g)$ in the kimchi during the fermentation. Coliforms and E. coli were not detected in the kimchi. The pH of kimchi decreased and the acidity of kimchi increased over time. Lactic acid bacteria, which are representative of fermentative microorganisms in the kimchi process showed rapid growth in the earlier stage of fermentation and increased steadily after 7 days. The counts of lactic acid bacteria were at a level of $10^4CFU/g$ early in the fermentation stage, reaching a level of $10^8CFU/g$ after 14 days, and at this point pH was 4.18 and acidity reached 0.63, indicating that the optimal state of kimchi fermentation. This study suggests that the lactic acid bacteria which were proliferated in kimchi during the ripening and fermentation could contribute to improving the taste and flavor of kimchi and inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms that might exist in kimchi.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.522-529
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculation either alone or in combination with cell wall degrading enzymes on the fermentation characteristics and chemical compositions of Rhodesgrass silage. Over to 1 kg of fresh Rhodesgrass sample a treatment of inoculant LAB with or without addition of an enzyme of Acremoniumcellulase (A) or Meicelase (M) or a mixture of both enzymes (AM) was applied. The treatments were control untreated, LAB-treated (application rate $1.0{\times}10^5cfu/g$ fresh sample), LAB+A 0.005%, LAB+A 0.01%, LAB+A 0.02%, LAB+M 0.005%, LAB+M 0.01%, LAB+M 0.02 %, LAB+AM 0.005%, LAB+AM 0.01%, and LAB+AM 0.02%. The sample was ensiled into 2-L vinyl bottle silo, with 9 silages of each treatment were made. Three silages of each treatment were incubated at 20, 30 and $40^{\circ}C$ for 2-months of storage period. All silages were well preserved with their fermentation quality has low pH values (3.91-4.26) and high lactic acid concentrations (4.11-9.89 %DM). No differences were found in fermentation quality and chemical composition of the control untreated silage as compared to the LAB-treated silage. Combined treatment of LAB+cellulases improved the fermentation quality of silages measured in terms of lower (p < 0.01) pH values and higher (p < 0.05) lactic concentrations than those of LAB-treated silages. Increasing amount of cellulase addition resulted in decrease (p < 0.05) of pH value and increase (p < 0.05) of lactic acid concentration. LAB + cellulase treatments (all cellulase types) reduced (p < 0.01) NDF, ADF and in vitro dry matter digestibility of silages compared with the control untreated silages. The fermentation quality and the rate of cell wall reduction were higher (p < 0.01) in the silages treated with LAB + cellulase A than in the silages treated with either LAB+cellulase M or LAB + cellulase AM. Incubation temperature of $40^{\circ}C$ was likely to be more appropriate environment for stimulating the fermentation of Rhodesgrass silages than those of 20 and $30^{\circ}C$.