• Laboratory Medicine Online
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.26-34
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• 2011

배경: 신종 인플루엔자 A (H1N1)의 검사실 진단은 환자관리와 유행대책 수립에 매우 중요하다. 연구자들은 확진을 위해서 실시간 중합효소연쇄반응검사와 바이러스 감염질환의 표준검사로 사용되어 왔던 배양검사를 신속항원검사와 함께 비교하였다. 방법: 2009년 12월부터 2010년 1월에 걸쳐 얻어진 총 861예의 호흡기 검체를 이용하여 신속항원검사, R-mix 신속배양검사, 실시간 중합효소연쇄반응검사를 동시에 시행하여 그 성적을 구하였고, 배양결과 등급과 실시간 중합효소연쇄반응검사의 cycle threshold(Ct)값에 따른 신속항원검사 결과와의 관계를 조사하였다. 결과: 861명 중 308명(35.8%)이 신종 인플루엔자 A (H1N1)로 확진되었고, 이용된 검사들의 민감도, 특이도, 양성예측치, 음성예측치는 신속항원검사가 59.7%, 99.5%, 98.4%, 81.6%, R-mix 배양검사가 93.2%, 100%, 100%, 96.3%, 실시간 중합효소연쇄반응검사가 95.8%, 100%, 100%, 97.7%였다. 신속항원검사의 양성률은 배양이 약양성인 경우는 25.3%, 실시간 중합효소연쇄반응검사의 Ct값이 30-37인 경우에는 2.3%로 매우 낮았다. 신종 인플루엔자 확진환자 중 입원율은 3.2%였고, 사망률은 0.3%였고, 위장관 증상은 7.2%에서 관찰되었다. 결론: R-mix 배양검사와 실시간 중합효소연쇄반응검사는 신종 인플루엔자의 진단에 매우 좋은 성적을 보였으며, 특히 낮은 농도의 바이러스 검체에서 유용한 검사였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.1450-1456
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• 2010

Accurate and rapid diagnosis of Pandemic Influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus (H1N1 2009) infection is important for the prevention and control of influenza epidemics and the timely initiation of antiviral treatment. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of several diagnostic tools for the detection of H1N1 2009. Flocked nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 254 outpatients of suspected H1N1 2009 during October 2009. This study analyzed the performances of the RealTime Ready Inf A/H1N1 Detection Set (Roche), Influenza A (H1N1) Real-Time Detection Kit (Bionote), Seeplex Influenza A/B OneStep Typing Set [Seeplex Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR)], BinaxNow Influenza A & B Test Kit [Binax Rapid Antigen Test (RAT)], and SD BIOLINE Influenza Ag kit (SD RAT). Roche and Bionote real-time RT-PCR showed identical results for the H1N1 2009 hemagglutinin gene. Compared with real-time RT-PCR, the sensitivities and specificities were 83.7% and 100% for Seeplex RT-PCR, 64.5% and 94.7% for Binax RAT, and 69.5% and 100% for SD RAT. The sensitivities of Seeplex RT-PCR, Binax RAT, and SD RAT in patients aged over 21 years were 73.7%, 47.4%, and 57.9%, respectively. The sensitivities of Seeplex RT-PCR, Binax RAT, and SD RAT on the day of initial symptoms were mostly lower (68.8%, 56.3%, and 31.3%, respectively). In conclusion, multiplex RT-PCR and RAT for the detection of H1N1 2009 were significantly less sensitive than real-time RT-PCR. Moreover, a negative RAT may require more sensitive confirmatory assays, because it cannot be ruled out from influenza infection.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.189-189
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• 2003

Sophoricoside was isolated as the inhibitor of IL-5 bioactivity from Sophora japonica (Leguminosae). To develope as novel anti-allergic drug, kinetic study was performed in rats. Serum concentration of sophoricoside was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in male Sprague-Dawley rat (250${\pm}$10g, n=5) after oral administration of sophoricoside (100mg/kg). The recovery of sophoricoside after extraction and concentration was above 95 % from rat serum. Between-day precision(relative standard deviation 2.2-2.8%) and within-day precision(2.0-12.1%) were determined from replicate analysis of a spiked control and incurred serum sample. The detection limits of sophoricoside in this serum was approximately 0.1 ng/mL. The Pharmacokinetic parameters were derived from the noncompartmental analysis. The C$\_$max/(3.56${\pm}$0.34 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL) value for sophoricoside in male rat was observed at 7.6 h. The elimination half-life(t$\_$1/2/) of sophoricoside was approximately 4.47 h, the mean residence time (MRT) averaged 10.75 h, the total body clearance (Cl) averaged 0.0042 mL/min/kg. and the area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC$\_$0-$\infty$/) was 24.93 $\mu\textrm{g}$$.$hr/mL.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.272-281
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• 2023

Chigger mites are the vector of scrub typhus. This study estimates the infestation status and ecological characteristics of chiggers on the chestnut white-bellied rat Niviventer fulvescens in Southwest China between 2001 and 2019. Chiggers were identified under the microscope, and infestation indices were calculated. The Preston's log-normal model was used to fit the curve of species abundance distribution. A total of 6,557 chiggers were collected in 136 of 342 N. fulvescens rats, showing high overall infestation indices (prevalence=39.8%, mean abundance=19.2, mean intensity=48.2) and high species diversity (S=100, H'=3.0). Leptotrombidium cangjiangense, Neotrombicula japonica, and Ascoschoengastia sifanga were the three dominant chigger species (constituent ratio=42.9%; 2,736/6,384) and exhibited an aggregated distribution among different rat individuals. We identified 100 chigger species, with 3 of them (Leptotrombidium scutellare, Leptotrombidium wenense, and Leptotrombidium deliense) as the main vectors of scrub typhus in China and nine species as potential vectors of this disease. Disease vector occurrence on N. fulvescens may increase the risk of spreading scrub typhus from rats to humans. Chigger infestation on N. fulvescens varied significantly in different environments. The species abundance distribution showed a log-normal distribution pattern. The estimated number of chigger species on N. fulvescens was 126 species.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2015

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate voluntary wheel running behavior in the unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model. Methods : Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to 2 groups : 6-OHDA group (n=17) and control group (n=8). The unilateral 6-OHDA rat model was induced by injection of 6-OHDA into unilateral medial forebrain bundle using a stereotaxic instrument. Voluntary wheel running activity was assessed per day in successfully lesioned rats (n=10) and control rats. Each behavioral test lasted an hour. The following parameters were investigated during behavioral tests : the number of running bouts, the distance moved in the wheel, average peak speed in running bouts and average duration from the running start to the peak speed. Results : The number of running bouts and the distance moved in the wheel were significantly decreased in successfully lesioned rats compared with control rats. In addition, average peak speed in running bouts was decreased, and average duration from the running start to the peak speed was increased in lesioned animals, which might indicate motor deficits in these rats. These behavioral changes were still observed 42 days after lesion. Conclusion : Voluntary wheel running behavior is impaired in the unilateral 6-OHDA rat model and may represent a useful tool to quantify motor deficits in this model.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.159-164
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• 2006

The protective properties of Satureja hortensis L. on the rat lymphocytes DNA lesions were tested. Lymphocytes were isolated from blood samples taken from healthy rats. DNA breaks and resistance to $H_{2}O_{2}$-induced damage were measured with the comet assay. Rat lymphocytes were incubated in S. hortensis ethanolic extract (SHE) (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 mg/mL), essential oil (SHEO)(0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 ${mu}L/mL$), $H_{2}O_{2}$ (50, 100, and 200 ${\mu}M$), a combination of $H_{2}O_{2}$ (200 mM) with either SHE (1.0, 2.5 mg/mL) or SHEO (1.0, 2.5 ${\mu}L/mL$) at $4^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, and the extent of DNA migration was measured using a single-cell microgel electrophoresis technique under alkaline conditions. Treatment of rat lymphocytes with SHE or SHEO resulted in significant reduction of $H_{2}O_{2}$-induced DNA damage compared to controls. SHE exhibited a significant (P<0.01) inhibitory effect on oxidative DNA damage at 2.5 mg/mL. SHEO (1.0 and 2.5 ${\mu}L/mL$) also showed significant inhibitory effects (P<0.01) on $H_{2}O_{2}$ induced chromosomal damage. In conclusion both the ethanolic extract and the essential oil of the plant reversed the oxidative damage to rat lymphocytes induced by hydrogen peroxide.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.109-113
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• 2005

From the RT-PCR amplifications using mRNA templates isolated from Sprague-Dawley rat brains, we isolated a cDNA fragment of 1,524 bp which covered the full coding information of the rat brain CYP2El. Its nucleotide sequence was identical to the previously reported rat liver CYP2El mRNA except for the difference of one base (A to C at the nucleotide position 73). This difference also altered the amino acid Lys to GIn. However, no insertion or deletion of nucleotide(s) which could alter the reading frame was found within the structure of this rat brain CYP2El. This study should provide the molecular basis regarding the pathophysiological function of CYP2El in the brain.

• 생약학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.24-29
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• 1984

It was previously reported from our laboratory that the rate of deterioration of contractile force was slower in the heart of the ginseng extract treated rats. It was also found that ginseng may have an ability to sustain the normal function of the heart by sustaining Ca accumulation by sarcoplasmic reticulum. $Ca^{++}-dependent$ ATPase plays the central role in movement of $Ca^{++}$ ion from sarcoplasm into sarcoplasmic reticulum. In this investigation, the fragment of sarcoplasmic reticulum was prepared from rat heart treated with ginseng water extract orally 100mg/kg/day for 7 to 10 days and from normal rat heart. $Ca^{++}-dependent$ APTase activity was estimated by a modified method of Fiske and Subbarow's procedure. Experimental groups were divided into 6 groups, depending on the preincubation time, 5, 30 and 60min. at ${25}^{\circ}C$ and ${37}^{\circ}C$ respectively. In both of the groups of ${25}^{\circ}C$ and ${37}^{\circ}C$, $Ca^{++}-dependent$ ATPase activities of the ginseng treated rat hearts were higher than that of normal hearts. Therefore, it can be concluded that $Ca^{++}-dependent$ ATPase activities in sarcoplasmic reticulum of rat hearts were increased by the treatment with ginseng extract.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.297-303
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• 2008

본 연구는 항암, 항균, 항산화 등의 기능을 나타내는 식물성 플라보노이드인 naringin이 암컷 SD rat의 지질대사와 혈액 생화학적 지표에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해 수행되었다. 실험은 5주령의 암컷 SD rat를 대상으로 일주일에 3번, 총 5주 동안 naringin을 경구투여하여 지질대사와 항혈전능에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석하였으며, 실험군은 대조군(non naringin group), 저용량 naringin 투여군(0.2g/kg), 고용량 naringin 투여군(0.58%g)으로 구분하였다. 실험결과 랫드의 체중증가량과 상대장기중량에서는 통계학적으로 유의적인 변화가 관찰되지 않았다. 체중증가량에서 3주차 이후에 용량에 비례하지는 않지만 대조군에 비하여 naringin 투여군의 체중 증가율이 적은 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 사료섭취량과 체중증가량을 이용하여 각 군의 5주간 식이효율을 구해보았을 때, 군간에 통계학적으로 유의적인 차이는 없었으며, 장기와 조직의 상대장기중량은 간을 비롯하여 신장, 비장 모두 naringin 투여군과 대조군 간에 통계학적으로 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 혈청 중 Triglyceride, free fatty acid, total lipid, glucose의 수치는 대조군에 비해 naringin 투여군에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 혈청 total cholesterol과 HDL-cholesterol의 수치를 이용한 Atherogenic index 즉, 동맥경화지수는 대조군에 비하여 고용량군이 유의적으로 감소하였다. 항혈전능 실험결과에서는 고용량 naringin투여군이 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 높은 수치가 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 암컷 SD rat에서 naringin은 체중감소에 대한 효과는 관찰되지 않았지만, 지질저하 효과, 항산화 효과 등의 면에서 모두 우수하였다. 따라서 우리나라에서 자생하는 천연물 소재에 널리 분포된 naringin은 고혈압과 당뇨병에 효능이 있는 것으로 추측되며 동맥경화에도 효과가 있는 것으로 보여 건강기능 식품 소재로 이용될 수 있는 적절한 물질이라 판단된다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.180-184
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• 2001

To investigate the hepatic metabolism of myristicin isolated rat livers were perfused under single-pass conditions with perfusate containing myristicin. In outflow perfusate and bile, 5-allyl-1-methoxy-2,3-dihydroxybenzene (M1), M1-sulfate, and M1-glucuronide conjugates were identified as the metabolites of myristicin. HPLC method with UV detection was applied to investigate the hepatic disposition of the compounds. The concentration of myristicin, M1, and M1-conjugates in the outflow perfusate reached steady-state levels within 20 min after commencing the perfusion of $4.5{\mu}M$ myristicin. At steady-state, the mean (${\pm}S.D.$) extraction ratio of myristicin was $0.49({\pm}0.16)$ and clearance was $13.7({\pm}4.5)ml/min$. M1 accounted for $44.0{\pm}5.3%$ of eliminated myristicin and was recovered as unchanged M1, M1-sulfate, and M1-glucuronide in the bile and outflow perfusate.