• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.386-392
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 감초성분인 glycyrrhizin, liquiritin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin의 항균활성을 측정하고, 원산지별 감초 추출물에서 항균활성 성분인 isoliquiritigenin과 liquiritigenin을 정량하여 비교평가하였다. 또한 challenge test를 통하여 가장 뛰어난 항균활성을 나타낸 isoliquiritigenin과 합성 방부제인 메틸 파라벤과의 방부력을 비교하였다. 감초 성분의 항균활성을 disc diffusion assay를 통해 측정한 결과, Liquiritigenin과 isoliquiritigenin이 B. subtilis, P. acnes, E. coli, P. aeruginosa에 대해 저해활성을 보였다. 특히 감초성분 중 큰 항균활성을 나타낸 isoliquiritigenin과 합성 방부제로 사용되는 메틸 파라벤과 프로필 파라벤의 최소저해농도를 비교한 결과 isoliquiritigenin이 강력한 항균활성을 나타내는 것을 확인하였다. HPLC를 통해 원산지별 감초 추출물 isoliquiritigenin과 liquiritigenin을 정량한 결과, 이들의 함량은 한국산 감초가 중국산 감초와 우즈베키스탄산 감초보다 높은 것을 확인하였다. 이를 통해 한국산 감초가 우수한 항균력을 나타내는데 isoliquiritigenin, liquiritigenin 함량이 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다. Isoliquiritigenin의 B. subtilis, P. acnes, E. coli, P. aeruginosa에 대한 challenge test를 통해 메틸 파라벤 보다 isoliquiritigenin이 뛰어난 방부력을 나타냄을 확인하였다. 이상의 본 연구 결과로부터 감초 성분의 항균활성을 확인하였고, 원산지별 감초(한국, 중국, 우즈베키스탄) 중 한국 감초가 우수한 항균력을 나타내는데 isoliquiritigenin과 liquiritigenin 함량이 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다. 또한 감초 성분 중 가장 우수한 항균활성을 나타낸 isoliquiritigenin은 파라벤류를 대체 할 수 있는 천연 보존제로써 이용 가능성이 있다고 판단된다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.120-126
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• 1993

Clinically healthy 66 female Maniker breed chicken(22 of 2-week-old : group A, 23 of 8-week-old： group B and 21 of 27-week-old： group C) and 66 female Manina breed chicken (21 of 2-week-old : group D, 22 of 8-week-old : group E and 23 of 27-week-old : group F) were examined to establish physiological basic data on serum total Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activities and CPK isoenzymes fractions. The results obtained were summarized as follows； 1. Serum total CPK activities were $1,088{\pm}254.0\;IU\;/{\ell},$ $1,454{\pm}337.2\;IU\;/{\ell}$ and $1,440{\pm}526.3\;IU\;/{\ell}$ in gorup A, group B and group C of Maniker breed, respectively. Group B and group C showed higher values than that of group A (P<0.01) meaning high values nth aging. 2. Serum total CPK activities were $1,676{\pm}420.5\;IU\;/ {\ell},$ $1,007{\pm}283.1\;IU\;/{\ell}$ and $862{\pm}294.5\;IU/{\ell}$ in group D, group E and group F of Manina breed, respectively. Group D showed the highest value among groups (P<0.01) and Manina breed showed the low values of serum total CPK activities with aging. 3. Manina breed at 2-week-old and Maniker breed at 8-week-old and 27-week-old showed significant high values of total serum CPK activities in breed differance (P<0.01) 4. In the pattern of serum CPK isoenzyme fractions, group A and group B were high with decreasing order of $CK_3>CK_2>CK_1$ and group C was high with decreasing order of $CK_2> CK_3>CK_1$ Groihp D, E and F showed the same pattern with decreasing order of $CK_2>CK_3> CK_1.$ 5. Significance of CPK isoenzymes fractions in breed differance was only found at 8-week-old. $CK_1\;and \;CK_3$ in Maniker breed (P<0.05), and $CK_2$ in Manina breed were higher than that of the other breed (P < 0.01).

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

Background: Round shoulder posture, results from excessive flexed posture of the thorax, is defined as a position of scapular protraction, anterior tipping, and downward rotation. However, previous studies have focused on only passive position of the thorax during scapular posterior tilting (SPT) and have not reported on SPT combined with correction of flexed posture. Objects: The aim of this study was to compare effects of SPT and SPT with prone trunk extension (SPT + PTE) on activities of the lower trapezius, serratus anterior, and thoracic erector spinae and degree of posture in subjects with round shoulder and flexed posture. Methods: Fifteen subjects with round shoulder and flexed posture were recruited. The caliper was used to measure the degree of round shoulder and flexed posture. Electromyography was performed to collect data of muscle activities. Paired t-test was used to compare two exercise (${\alpha}=.05$). Results: When SPT + PTE was applied, the degree of round shoulder posture (p=.001) and flexed posture (p=.039) significantly decreased compared with that when SPT was applied. The lower trapezius activity significantly increased in the SPT + PTE condition compared with that in the SPT condition (p=.026). There were no significant differences in serratus anterior activity between SPT + PTE and SPT. The thoracic erector spinae activity significantly increased in the SPT + PTE condition compared with that in the SPT condition (p=.014). Conclusion: SPT + PTE might be one of the effective methods to enhance activities of lower trapezius and thoracic erector spinae, and to reduce round shoulder posture and flexed posture in subjects with round shoulder and flexed posture.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.264-269
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• 2013

Silymarin has been introduced fairly recently as a hepatoprotective agent. But its mechanisms of action still have not been well established. The aim of this study was to make alcoholic fatty liver model of rats in a short time and investigate silymarin's protective effects and possible mechanisms on alcoholic fatty liver for rats. The model of rat's alcoholic fatty liver was induced by intragastric infusion of ethanol and high-fat diet for six weeks. Histopathological changes were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE). The activities of alanine transarninase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), the levels of total bilirubin (TBIL), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in serum were detected with routine laboratory methods using an autoanalyzer. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver homogenates were measured by spectrophotometry. The TG content in liver tissue was determined by spectrophotometry. The expression of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the liver were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Silymarin effectively protected liver from alcohol-induced injury as evidenced by improving histological damage situation, reducing ALT and AST activities and TBIL level in serum, increasing SOD and GPx activities and decreasing MDA content in liver homogenates and reducing TG content in liver tissue. Additionally, silymarin markedly downregulated the expression of NF-${\kappa}B$ p65, ICAM-1 and IL-6 in liver tissue. In conclusion, Silymarin could protect against the liver injury caused by ethanol administration. The effect may be related to alleviating lipid peroxidation and inhibiting the expression of NF-${\kappa}B$.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.76-85
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• 2006

Background: Chemotaxis is one of the cardinal functions of leukocytes, which enables them to be recruited efficiently to the right place at the right time. Analyzing chemotactic activities is important not only for the study on leukocyte migration but also for many other applications including development of new drugs interfering with the chemotactic process. However, there are many technical limitations in the conventional in vitro chemotaxis assays. Here we applied a new optical assay to investigate chemotactic activities induced in differentiated HL-60 cells. Methods: HL-60 cells were stimulated with 0.8% dimethylformamide (DMF) for 4 days. The cells were analyzed for morphology, flow cytometry as well as chemotactic activities by a time-lapse videomicroscopic assay using a chemotactic microchamber bearing a fibronectin-coated cover slip and an etched silicon chip. Results: Videomicroscopic observation of the real cellular motions in a stable concentration gradient of chemokines demonstrated that HL-60 cells showed chemotaxis to inflammatory chemokines (CCL3, CCL5 and CXCL8) and also a homeostatic chemokine (CXCL12) after DFM-induced differentiation to granulocytic cells. The cells moved randomly at a speed of $6.99{\pm}1.24{\mu}m/min$ (n=100) in the absence of chemokine. Chemokine stimulation induced directional migration of differentiated HL-60 cells, while they still wandered very much and significantly increased the moving speeds. Conclusion: The locomotive patterns of DMF-stimulated HL-60 cells can be analyzed in detail throughout the course of chemotaxis by the use of a time-lapse videomicroscopic assay. DMF-stimulated HL-60 cells may provide a convenient in vitro model for chemotactic studies of neutrophils.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1571-1578
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• 2013

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Recently, the demand for more effective and safer therapeutic agents for the chemoprevention of human cancer has increased. As a white rot fungus, Inonotus obliquus is valued as an edible and medicinal resource. Chemical investigations have shown that I. obliquus produces a diverse range of secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds, melanins, and lanostane-type triterpenoids. Among these are active components for antioxidant, antitumoral, and antiviral activities and for improving human immunity against infection of pathogenic microbes. Importantly, their anticancer activities have become a hot recently, but with relatively little knowledge of their modes of action. Some compounds extracted from I. obliquus arrest cancer cells in the G0/G1 phase and then induce cell apoptosis or differentiation, whereas some examples directly participate in the cell apoptosis pathway. In other cases, polysaccharides from I. obliquus can indirectly be involved in anticancer processes mainly via stimulating the immune system. Furthermore, the antioxidative ability of I. obliquus extracts can prevent generation of cancer cells. In this review, we highlight recent findings regarding mechanisms underlying the anticancer influence of I. obliquus, to provide a comprehensive landscape view of the actions of this mushroom in preventing cancer.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.209-209
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• 2002

Mycobacterium sp. strain JCl DSM 3803 grown in methanol showed no methanol dehydrogenase or oxidase activities found in mast methylotrophic bacteria and yeasts, respectively. Even though the methanol-grown cells exhibited a little methanol-dependent oxidation by cytochrome c-dependent methanol dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase, they were not the key enzymes responsible for the methanol oxidation of the cells, in that the cells contained no c-type cytochrome and the methanol oxidizing activity from the partially purified alcohol dehydrogenase was too low, respectively. In substrate switching experiments, we found that only a catalase-peroxidase among the three types of catalase found in glucose-grown cells was highly expressed, in the methanol-grown cells and that its activity was relatively high during the exponential growth phase in Mycobacterium sp. JCl. Therefore, we propose that catalase-peroxidase is an essential enzyme responsible for the methanol metabolism directly Of indirectly in Mycobacterium sp. JCl.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.227-230
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• 2015

Chemical investigation of the fermentation broth of a Soft Coral-Derived fungus Pestalotiopsis sp., led to the isolation of a new phthalide derivative, pestalotiolide A (1), three known analogues (2, 3 and 4), along with 5'-O-acetyl uridine (5) first isolated as a natural product. The structure of the new compound (1) was established by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. Compounds 1 - 4 possessed varying degrees of antiviral activities, which was reported for the first time. Compared to the positive control ribavirin ($IC_{50}=418.0{\mu}M$), pestalotiolide A (1) exhibited significant anti-EV71 activity in vitro, with an $IC_{50}$ value of $27.7{\mu}M$. Furthermore, the preliminary structure-activity relationship of antiviral activities was also discussed.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.739-744
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• 2009

This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic action of administration of Nigella sativa (NS) and Peganum harmala (PH) oils in diabetes and hepatic toxicity. Results show that treatment of diabetic rats with NS oil or PH oil ameliorate hyperglycaemia induced stress oxidative and hepatic dysfunction in diabetic rats. Administration of NS or PH oil to diabetic rats caused an anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities by the decrease in plasmatic glucose level and increase in hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities, reduced glutathione (GSH) and glycogen contents compared to untreated diabetic rats. Besides, NS and PH oils protect the hepatic function observed by decrease of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TCh), and increase of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-Ch) levels in serum and hepatic tissues. Moreover, a diminution in the bilirubin, transaminase glutanic pyruvic (TGP), and transaminase pyruvic oxaloacetic (TPO) contents in serum and the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels (TBARs) in hepatic tissues are also detected.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.109-114
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• 2003

Wireless communication systems are inevitable for efficient underwater activities. Because of the poor propagation characteristics of light and electromagnetic waves, acoustic waves are generally used for the underwater wireless communication. Although there are many kinds of information type, visual images take an essential role especially for search and identification activities. For this reason, we developed an acoustic-based underwater image transmission system under a dual use technology project supported by MOCIE (Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy). For the application to complicated and time-varying underwater environments all-digital transmitter and receiver systems are investigated. Array acoustic transducers are used at the receiver, which have the center frequency of 32kHz and the bandwidth of 4kHz. To improve transmission speed and quality, various algorithms and systems are used. The system design techniques will be discussed in detail including image compression/ decompression system, adaptive beam- forming, fast RLS adaptive equalizer, ${\partial}/4$ QPSK (Quadrilateral Phase Shift Keying) modulator/demodulator, and convolution coding/ Viterbi. Decoding.