• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.268-280
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• 2005

Teaching with laboratory activities in school science, which are distinctive characteristic, is placed from other disciplines fur teaming almost 200 hundred years ago. A number of science educators have suggested that there are rich benefits in teaming from using laboratory activities. At these time, however, some educators have begun to seriously question the effectiveness and the role of laboratory activities. There are some causes related to obscure and vague aims of laboratory activities. The purposes of this paper is to review aims of laboratory activities presented in the literatures through historical overview, and to obtain implication for school science. There are various aims of laboratory activities by a number of researchers. Overall synthesizing, there are ffur domains of aims of science teaching through laboratory activities, (a) science knowledge has two sub-domains; scientific content knowledge and procedural knowledge, (b) nature of science, (c) science attitude has two sub-domain; scientific attitude and attitude toward science, and (d) ability of scientific inquiry has two sub-domain; manipulative skills and scientific thinking. But, it is necessary to continue the following study in order to obtain the aims of laboratory activities agreed by expert community, and setting up of lists of aims of laboratory activities for students to achieve hierarchies of school science curriculums.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.101-112
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to develop environmental inquiry activities for teaching the 10th grade students in science classes of high school. The activities are developed to perform goals of environmental education for sustainable development. In order to this, activities are sequently organized in order of context of laboratory, field, and problem solving in respect of one learning topic. The object of inquiry activities in laboratory context is understanding concepts related environment and environmental pollution. The inquiry activities in field context have an object of attaining good awareness and attitude toward environment. Throughout the activities in probem solving context students are expected to have a mind of participating in environmental issues. The activities are designed to learn and use integrated science knowledge in many domains. Some activities are intended to utilize MBL(Microcomputer-based Laboratory). The ICT materials, lesson plans, instructional sheets for teaching and student' sheets for inquiry were produced to guide these activities. It is expected that this effort will contribute to cultivate environmental literate persons who have not only scientific understanding but also practical will of environmental issues.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.359-368
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• 2010

이 연구의 목적은 초등학교 과학 수업 시간에 수행되는 실험 목적에 대한 교사와 학생의 인식에 대한 차이가 발생하는 원인을 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 초등학교 6학년 10개 학급의 교사와 학생을 대상으로 반구조화된 심층 면담으로 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 면담의 범주는 크게 실험목적, 실험 목적의 지도 여부, 실험 수업 진행 방법, 평가 방법등 네 가지이다. 교사와 학생간에 실험 목적 인식의 차이가 발생하는 원인은 교사의 관점에서는 실험 목적에 대한 교사의 미지도, 교사가 의도한 실험 목적과 다르게 운영되는 실험 수업, 실험 목적과 유리되는 평가 방법의 문제에 기인한 것으로 나타났다. 실험 수업에서 교사가 의도한 실험 목적이 고려되어 지도되고 있지 않기 때문에 학생들이 실험 목적을 정확하게 인지하지 못하는 것이다. 교사들은 실험 활동을 통한 과학탐구능력의 향상을 중요하게 생각하고 있지만, 이것이 실험 수업을 통해 학생들에게 실질적으로 전달되지 못하고 있어 학생들이 과학탐구능력의 중요성을 인식하고 못하고 있다. 또한 타당한 평가도구나 방법의 부족으로 인하여 교사들은 실험의 중요한 목적인 학생들의 과학탐구능력을 중요한 부분으로 평가하지 못하고 있다. 따라서 탐구적 실험 중심의 과학-교수 학습이 효과적으로 이루어지기 위해서 초등교사들은 학생들에게 실험의 중요한 목적인 과학탐구능력을 강조하여 명시적으로 지도할 필요가 있다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.307-315
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• 2017

Background: Red-skin root disease has seriously decreased the quality and production of Panax ginseng (ginseng). Methods: To explore the disease's origin, comparative analysis was performed in different parts of the plant, particularly the epidermis, cortex, and/or fibrous roots of 5-yr-old healthy and diseased red-skin ginseng. The inorganic element composition, phenolic compound concentration, reactive oxidation system, antioxidant concentrations such as ascorbate and glutathione, activities of enzymes related to phenolic metabolism and oxidation, and antioxidative system particularly the ascorbate-glutathione cycle were examined using conventional methods. Results: Aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), magnesium, and phosphorus were increased, whereas manganese was unchanged and calcium was decreased in the epidermis and fibrous root of red-skin ginseng, which also contained higher levels of phenolic compounds, higher activities of the phenolic compound-synthesizing enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and the phenolic compound oxidation-related enzymes guaiacol peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase. As the substrate of guaiacol peroxidase, higher levels of $H_2O_2$ and correspondingly higher activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were found in red-skin ginseng. Increased levels of ascorbate and glutathione; increased activities of $\text\tiny L$-galactose 1-dehydrogenase, ascorbate peroxidase, ascorbic acid oxidase, and glutathione reductase; and lower activities of dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione peroxidase were found in red-skin ginseng. Glutathione-S-transferase activity remained constant. Conclusion: Hence, higher element accumulation, particularly Al and Fe, activated multiple enzymes related to accumulation of phenolic compounds and their oxidation. This might contribute to red-skin symptoms in ginseng. It is proposed that antioxidant and antioxidative enzymes, especially those involved in ascorbate-glutathione cycles, are activated to protect against phenolic compound oxidation.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.156-163
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• 2003

Background: $\beta$-1,3-glucans are well known to enhance the immune reactions, resulting in antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral, anticoagulatory and wound healing activities. $\beta$-1, 3-glucans have various activities depending on molecular weight, degree of branching, conformation, water-solubility and intermolecular association. However, the $\beta$-1,3-glucan linked backbone structure is essential and $\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl units are required for immuno-potentiating activities. Result: In this study, we tested the immunophamacological activities of soluble $\beta$-1,3-glucans and confirmed the following activities: (1) $IFN-{\gamma}$ production in PBMCs in the presence or the absence of PHA, LPS, or IL-18; (2) induction of various cytokines in the spleen and thymus; (3) adjuvant effect on the antibody production; (4) nitrogen oxide synthesis in macrophages; (5) the cytotoxic and antitumor effects on cell lines and ICR mice. Conclusion: These results strongly suggested that $\beta$-1,3-glucans possessed various immuno-pharmacological activities.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제5권11호
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• pp.2016-2034
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• 2011

Ubiquitous Healthcare (u-Healthcare) is the intelligent delivery of healthcare services to users anytime and anywhere. To provide robust healthcare services, recognition of patient daily life activities is required. Context information in combination with user real-time daily life activities can help in the provision of more personalized services, service suggestions, and changes in system behavior based on user profile for better healthcare services. In this paper, we focus on the intelligent manipulation of activities using the Context-aware Activity Manipulation Engine (CAME) core of the Human Activity Recognition Engine (HARE). The activities are recognized using video-based, wearable sensor-based, and location-based activity recognition engines. An ontology-based activity fusion with subject profile information for personalized system response is achieved. CAME receives real-time low level activities and infers higher level activities, situation analysis, personalized service suggestions, and makes appropriate decisions. A two-phase filtering technique is applied for intelligent processing of information (represented in ontology) and making appropriate decisions based on rules (incorporating expert knowledge). The experimental results for intelligent processing of activity information showed relatively better accuracy. Moreover, CAME is extended with activity filters and T-Box inference that resulted in better accuracy and response time in comparison to initial results of CAME.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.177-190
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• 2006

많은 과학교육자들이 과학 실험활동의 목적에 대하여 연구해 왔지만, 연구자에 따라 매우 다양하게 제시되고 있다. 그러나 불행하게도 지금까지도 과학교육 전문가 커뮤니티에 의해 합의된 실험목적이 없다. 이 연구의 목적은 델파이 기법을 사용하여 과학실험활동에서 추구되어야 할 목적을 전문가 커뮤니티로부터 합의된 견해를 얻고자 하는 것이다. 전문가 커뮤니티는 4명의 과학자, 4명의 과학교육전문가, 6명의 초등교사, 7명의 중등교사로 구성되었다. 이들로부터 얻은 실힘목적이 수렴되고 있는지를 확인하기 위해 윌콕슨 부호검정을 시행하였다. 연구결과 각 학교급에 따른 실험목적이 얻어졌다. 초등학교 과학 실험 활동의 목적은 7 항목이며, 중등학교 과학 실험 활동 목적은 9 항목, 대학교의 과학 실험 활동 목적은 13개 항목이다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.283-289
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• 2015

The half-dried leaves of Stewartia. pseudocamellia were extracted with hot water (SPE) and partitioned with n-hexane (SPEH), dichloromethane (SPED), and ethyl acetate (SPEE) successively. SPE and SPEE showed significant inhibitory effects against melanogenesis and tyrosinase activities. By bioassay-guided isolation, ten phenolic compounds were isolated by column chromatography from SPEE. The whitening effect of the isolated compounds from SPEE were tested for the inhibitory activities against melanogenesis using B16 melanoma cells, in vitro inhibition of tyrosinase, and L-3,4-dihydorxy-indole-2-carboxylic acid (L-DOPA) auto-oxidation assay. A cytotoxic activity assay was done to examine the cellular toxicity in Raw 264.7 macrophage cells. Of the compounds isolated, gallic acid and quercetin revealed significant inhibitory activities against melanogenesis compared to arbutin. In particular, quercetin exhibited similar inhibitory activities against tyrosinase and L-DOPA oxidation without cytotoxicity. These results suggested that SPE could be used as a potential source of natural skin-whitening material in cosmetics as well as in food products.

• 생약학회지
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• 제35권3호통권138호
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• pp.233-238
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• 2004

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase $A_2\;(Lp-PLA_2)$ is a potential biomarker of coronary heart disease and plays an important proinflammatory role in the progression of atherosclerosis. Also acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) playa key role in atherosclerosis, respectively. And so, the inhibitory activities of the methanol extracts of 42 insect resources were examined on $Lp-PLA_2$, ACAT, and LDL oxidation for screening of anti-atherogenic substances. Among them, the methanol extracts of Eurydema rugosa significantly inhibited all of upper three activities. Several kinds of tested insects having high inhibitory effect with the methanol extracts were extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and acetone, and their inhibitory activities were tested.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.829-833
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• 2002

Angiogenesis is an essential event in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Therefore, effective inhibition of this event is a promising strategy for treating angiogenesis-related diseases, including cancer. The current study investigated two unique bafilomycin-type macrolide inhibitors of angiogenesls, PC-766B' (1) and PC-766B (2). The strain RK97-56 which produced the inhibitors was identified as Nocardia sp. by chemotaxonomic analyses, and the purification of the inhibitors was guided by their anti-angiogenic activities. PC-766B' (1) and PC-766B (2) exhibited potent inhibitory activities towards endothelial cell migration stimulated by the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).