• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2000.11c
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• pp.827-834
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• 2000

A granular herbicide applicator attached to conventional ride-on rice transplanter with 6 rows was developed in order to carry out both transplanting and herbicide application at once. It resulted in labor saving by 98%. The prototype is composed of a metering device and a spinning disc spreader. The application rate per 10a can be varied from 1 to 3 kg and the application swath is 1.8 m, which is the planting width of the ride-on rice transplanter with 6 rows. The angular speed of spinning disc and the application height were used as design factors to obtain the uniform distribution of herbicide granules. As the result of experiment, the distribution uniformity showed a tendency to be proportional to the increases of both spinner angular speed and application height. The prototype with angular speed of spinning disc of 7359 rpm and the application height of 20 cm was made and its distribution uniformity was relatively uniform with the CV(coefficient of variation) of 21.7%. In field test, when the tested herbicides such as ACl40+Stomp and Londax+YRC were applied, the weed control has continued for 65 days since transplanting was done.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 1999

No-till direct-sown rice-wheat relaying cropping system has major advantages such as labor and cost saving by eliminating tillage and preparation of seed bed and transplanting. In this system, rice sowing was done simultaneously wheat harvesting. A paddy field experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of no-till years on soil microbial changes and soil physico-chemical characteristics with rice growth and development. Chemical fertilizers and agricultrual chemicals was not applied in no-till system. As the year in no-till direct-sown system the air permeability was increased and after water submerging soluble nitrogen was released Aerobic microbial-n was highest in May and then decreased after water irrigation. The population of aerobic soil microorganisms were steeply decreased after water submerging Soil microorganisms was decreased with the increased the soil depth. A month was needed for the seedling establishment in a no-tillage rice-wheat cropping system. Increased cropping years improved leaf greenness and leaf area index(LAI). But stomatal conductance(Gc) was higher in conventional cultivation system than no-till system. Stomatal conductance at panicle initiation stage was increased higher in conventional condition of leaves but the difference between conventional and no-till system was increased at heading stage. In no-till 4 years condition rice grain yield was spikelet numbers per panicle.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.471-475
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• 2001

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of slow-release fertilizer on warm type garlic cultivation in the Southwestern region of Korea. The slow-release fertilizers used were UF(Urea-Formaldehydes)70, 100, 130, CDU(Crotonylidene Diurea)100, and IBDU(Isobuty- lidene Diurea)100. The slow-release fertilizer treatment slightly increased plant height, leaf sheath diameter, and leaf number compare with conventional fertilizer treatment. Also, large bulb rate, nitrogen and pyruvic acid contents of garlic in slow-release fertilizer plot were higher than other treatments. Application of slow-release fertilizer increased the commercial yields.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 1997

For the labor-saving cultivation of barley in rice-barley double cropping system in paddy field, a series of expriments on the effect of rice straw application were carried out at the National Yeongnam Agricultural Experiment Station from 1992 to 1993. The affection of phenol compounds released from fresh rice straw could be lessened when seeded under rice straw in the soil and that made emergence rate increase by 11％, compared with that on application on the rice straw. Although utilization of rice straw as an organic material caused the poor growth of barley in early stage, it could be enhanced the culm breaking strength. On this reason, affected by rice straw, grain yield was increased from 8％ in common barley and up to 20％ in malting barley. The more nitrogen, CaO$_2$2 and SiO$_2$ applied, the more decomposition of rice straw accelerated from 2％ to 6.9％. On the application of rice straw as an organic material in malting barely cultivation, the content of crude protein was decreased while 1,000-grain-weight and grain assortment was increased.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.22-33
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• 1978

To maintain the self-sufficiency of food production , it is required to improved the productivity and increase the effective utilization of land in the double cropping areas using improved cultivation technology. The following reasons encourage this cours of action because the overlapping rice harvest and barely seeding seasons complete for labour, the lower price of barley makes it financially less attractive to grow and these two facts together are responsible for a decrease in barley being planted in certain more seasonably marginal double cropping areas. Fro these reasons, it is desirable to carry out tests to improve the current cultivation techniques . In this interest , the following studies were carried out in the experimental field located at Banweol-myeon, Whasung-jkun, Gyeonggi-do from October 1977 to July 1978 in order to establish the mechanical method of barley cultivation using the power tiller. The summarized results are as follows. 1. The work performance in the seeding operation using the rotary barley seeder was 68 minutes per 10 ares which compares favourably with 408 min/10a using the conventional method. This is only one sixth of the time required by th conventional method. The operating costs using the rotary barley seeder was 1, 463 won per 10 areas as against 3, 486 Won per 10 ares for the conventional method, showing a saving of about 50% in comparison with the conventional method. 2. In the manure spreading operation, the work performance was 25 min/10a for the manure spreading machine , compared to 1089 min/10a for the manual operations. This is about one fourth of the time required by the conventional method, The operating costs were 810 Won/10a for the machine and 857 Won/10a for the manual labour. This cost shows little advantage by the machine over the manual labor costs. The conventional method of manure spreading will continue pending decision which will develope and improve the machine.3. Work performance in the rolling operation using the barley rolIer was 30 min/lOa which compares favourably with 135 min/10a using conventional method. This was one fourth of the time required by the conventional method. The operating costs were 514 Won/103. for the machine and 1, 003 Won/lOa for manual labour. In the weed control operation, the work performance and operating costs were 45min/lOa, 1, 399won/10a for the herbcide application using the power sprayer, 1, 149min/10a 8, 541won/lOa for the conventional method respectively. This is 26 times higher efficiency in comparison to the conventional method. 4. In the harvesting operation using the reaper binder and tiller attachment, the work performance was 60min/lOa and represents a cost of 2, 039won/10a. The con\ulcornerventional method took 640min/10a at a cost of 4, 757won/lOa. The reaper binder showns a saving of one tenth over the conventional method. The automatic thresher is already recommended for the current situations, and is now being used. 5. From a comparison of the results of the above trials, the serial cultivation system using the attachment for the power tiller such as the rotary barley seeder is now to be recommended for the current barley cultivation system. It is also recommend from these results that the mechanized technology now available must be used to improve and maintain the increase in barley production. It is seen th1t this is the only course now avaihble to solve the peak seasonal requirements of labour needed for l11rvesting and seeding between rice and barley cultivation.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.172-178
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted to elucidate the proper suppling frequency of nutrient solution for grafted cactus Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. friedrichii grown hydroponically without medium. Grafted cactus seedlings were planted onto the cultivation bed without medium, using labor-saving tray. The treatments like 1, 3, 5 and 7 times of nutrient solution supply per day and continuous soaking of plant root in the nutrient solution during the daytime were tested in summer and winter season. The growth of grafted cactus was worst in the treatment of one time supply of nutrient solution per day, and there were not significant difference in growth of grafted cactus among other treatments both in summer and winter season. 17.6% of grafted cactus seedlings failed to rooting in the treatment of one time supply of nutrient solution per day in winter season. The proper suppling frequency of nutrient solution, for the grafted cactus Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. friedrichii grown hydroponically without medium, was three times supply of nutrient solution per day both in summer and winter seasons considering growth and rooting of plants.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.256-261
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• 2014

This study was carried out to determine the effect of the artificial pollination on fruit set, seed formation and fruit quality in kiwifruit and to confirm the effective pollination time for optimal fruit set in the shelter greenhouse cultivation. Also, the effect of artificial pollination practice by the pollen diluent solution was tested. By artificial pollination, fruit set, seed formation, and fruit quality was improved both in the open field condition and in the shelter greenhouse cultivation. In order to find the effective pollination period (EPP), artificial pollination was carried out every day until 7 days after full bloom. Number of seeds and fruit set rate and fruit growth of kiwifruit were no significantly different until 4 days after full bloom (DAFB), but, those of kiwifruit from 5 DAFB significantly decreased. Consequently, the effective pollination period of kiwifruit in the shelter greenhouse was 4 days after full bloom. Also, artificial pollination by the pollen diluent solution was showed the similar fruit set and fruit quality compare to that by lycopodium powder. Accordingly, artificial pollination by the pollen diluent solution should be very effective practice for labor saving in kiwifruit cultivation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.424-432
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• 2005

Newly introduced two lines of apios (Apios americana Medikus, red-vine and green-vine) were grown in Jeju island, to clarify their growth and production characteristics as well as to develope as a new edible crops in Korea. Both lines bloomed but did not develop to pod and seed. The red-viny line showed the habit of more early growth and maturity compared with green-viny line. Fresh tuber yields per 10a harvested in late November ranged from about 500kg to 800kg as according to the lines and cultural condition. Fresh tuber yield of red-viny line was relatively greater than that of green-viny line, mainly due to their higher tuber number per plant. Among the planting dates(April 1, April 16 and May 1) of seed tubes, highest tuber yield was obtained on May 16 planting. And the stacking cultivation culture was better than non-stacking cultivation in respect of tuber yield and disease avoidance. These results indicate that apios can produce in Jeju island, and in order to extend its cultivation to farmers it will be needed to develope some cultivars with high yields as well as labor-saving cultivation methods.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.212-218
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• 2011

This study was performed to determine the relative quality of mungbeans harvested in bulk after applying a labor-saving cultivation (LSC) method, compared to mungbeans harvested three different times under the conventional cultivation condition. There was no significant difference in starch, crude protein, and vitexin or isovitexin content of seed according to the cropping system or harvest time. The mungbeans grown under the LSC method had the highest crude fat content, followed by mungbeans from the third-, the second- and the first-harvest mungbeans under the conventional cultivation. No significant difference was found in the composite ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids according to cropping system or harvest time. The second-harvest mungbeans grown under the conventional cultivation condition had 17 different types of fatty acids, while the third-harvest mungbeans grown under the conventional cultivation and those grown under the LSC condition had the fewest types of fatty acids with 12. Of the major saturated fatty acids, palmitic acid and arachidonic acid had the highest composite ratio in the first conventional cultivation followed by the second, the third and the LSC. However, stearic acid showed the opposite tendency. Of the major unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid had the highest composite ratio in the first conventional cultivation, followed by the second and third conventional cultivation and the LSC. Amylogram characteristics of the mungbeans were significantly different according to cropping system and harvest times. The mungbeans harvested after the first conventional cultivation had significantly higher pasting temperature, peak viscosity, holding strength viscosity, final viscosity and breakdown, while mungbeans harvested after the third conventional cultivation had significantly higher setback viscosity. In contrast, the mungbeans harvested under the LSC methods had a significantly lower amylogram value. When harvest rate, color values and amino acid content of sprout were measured, mungbeans grown under the LSC conditions had a low harvest rate of sprout, but had Hunter's color values and amino acid content of sprout similar to those of mungbeans grown under the conventional cultivation condition.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.331-336
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• 2012

This study was carried out to evaluate the wheat cultivation system to reduce costs and mechanize wheat production. A field study was conducted for 2 years (2009 to 2010) at the National institute of crop science, Iksan, Korea. We used working system I and working system II for the experiment. Working system I is used a multiple machine attached with a spreader tractor (seeding, fertilization, seed coverage, and weed control functionality) and working system II is used a multiple machine with a tractor which works for simultaneous job when seeding step (seeding, fertilization, and seed coverage). Sowing to harvesting operation time is 118 hours/ha for mechanize with conventional planting. Working system I is a multiple machine and a combine machine with a tractor, which worked 26 hours/ha lower than conventional planting. Working system II is 18 hours/ha lower than conventional planting. The reduced work efforts of working system I and II were 78% and 85% respectively. The growth and yield of wheat according to working system I and II is lower than conventional planting. Therefore, a multiple machine needs to study for appropriate seeding rate. Mechanization cost in consideration of the mechanical break-even point when the working system I is 3.7 ha and working system II is 4.2 ha. The farm income is enhanced by working system I (778,110 won/ha) and working system II (849,930 won/ha). The results showed that application of a multiple machine lowered costs of wheat production.