• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.100-108
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• 1997

Our current food hygiene law mandates nutrition label (NL) for the special nutrition foods, health support foods, instant foods, and foods with certain nutrient emphasized note, only. Currently more processed foods are bearing nutrition labels though the format is quite inconsistant. This study examined the status on current nutrition labeling practices for the processed foods that are retailed in the supermarket. The obtained information was assessed in the aspects of numerical data presentation on nutrients content, descriptive terms, health claim, and the format. The results are summarized as follows. 1) Foods with NL are limited to the food category specified by current hygiene law while voluntary nutition labeling is few. 2) Descriptive terms such as free, low, and sufficient are not substantiated with quantitative data. The efficacy of microelements which has not been clalified yet are overemphasized but major nutrients are ignored. 3) The regulations for the descriptive terms are set on the base of the nutrient content per 100g or 100ml under current nutrition labeling act. It would mislead consumers thus the definition for these descriptor be better set on the unit of the amount of food customary eaten at one time. For this the standard serving size should be set officially. 4) Quantitative nutrition information given on food products is difficult to compare because of the lack in formality. The title of NL, load and kinds of nutritents, order of nutrients listed, the unit of expression, RDA comparision, and reference RDA are inconsistant among the foods similar in dietary property. Uniform format is needed to give NL the credibility and usefulness. Proividing nutrition information to the consumers with NL is a worldwide practice though its efficacy has been controversial. Under newly legistered health promotion law in Korean nutrition education is esxpected to take part in to improve national nutrition condition and NL would education is expected to take part in to improve national nutrition condition and NL would be a potent tool for public nutritions education. It appears to be the time to mandate NL to all the processed foods in the market. The result of present study would initiate further consumer experiments related to NL. Various interest groups such as food and nutrition professions, public health organizations, government regulatory agencies, food producers and marketers, and consumer groups need to particepate and communicate for the legislation of NL and the development of NL format.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1102-1110
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• 2005

In this paper, we proposed a advanced approach to resolve the trade-off problem for the threshold value determining the photo-consistency in the previous algorithms. The threshold value for the surface voxel is substituted the photo-consistency value of the inside voxel. As iterating the voxel coloring process, the threshold is approached to the optimal value for the individual surface voxel. we present an energy minimization formulation of the binary labeling problem that surface voxels classify into opacity or transparency. The energy formula consists of the data term and the smoothness term. As considering neighboring voxels in the labeling problem, the unevenness of reconstructed surface is reduced. The labeling whose energy is the global minimum can be computed using a graph cut.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.51-57
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• 2023

Numerous studies have been conducted to analyze the causal relationships of maritime accidents using natural language processing techniques. However, when multiple causes and effects are associated with a single accident, the effectiveness of extracting these causal relations diminishes. To address this challenge, we compiled a dataset using verdicts from maritime accident cases in this study, analyzed their causal relations, and applied labeling considering the association information of various causes and effects. In addition, to validate the efficacy of our proposed methodology, we fine-tuned the KoELECTRA Korean language model. The results of our validation process demonstrated the ability of our approach to successfully extract multiple causal relationships from maritime accident cases.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.55-66
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• 2023

Recently, there is an increasing movement to increase the value of AI learning data and to secure high-quality data based on previous research on AI learning data in all areas of society. Therefore, quality management is very important in construction projects to secure high-quality data. In this paper, quality management to secure high-quality data when building AI learning data and improvement plans for each construction process are presented. In particular, more than 80% of the data quality of unstructured data built for AI learning is determined during the construction process. In this paper, we performed quality inspection of image/video data. In addition, we identified inspection procedures and problem elements that occurred in the construction phases of acquisition, data cleaning, labeling, and models, and suggested ways to secure high-quality data by solving them. Through this, it is expected that it will be an alternative to overcome the quality deviation of data for research groups and operators participating in the construction of AI learning data.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.112-124
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• 2008

RDF and OWL are the primary base technologies for implementing Semantic Web. Recently, many researches related with them, or applying them into the other application domains, have been introduced. However, relatively little work has been done for securing the RDF and OWL data. In this article, we briefly introduce an RDF triple based model for specifying RDF access authorization related with RDF security. Next, to efficiently find the authorization conflict by RDF inference, we introduce a method using prime number graph labeling in detail. The problem of authorization conflict by RDF inference is that although the lower concept is permitted to be accessed, it can be inaccessible due to the disapproval for the upper concept. Because by the RDF inference, the lower concept can be interpreted into the upper concept. Some experimental results show that the proposed method using the prime number graph labeling has better performance than the existing simple method for the detection of the authorization conflict.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.114-117
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• 2016

In vivo labeling of bone with fluorochromes is a widely used method for assessment of bone formation and remodeling processes. In particular, calcein is used as a marker for identification of bone growth, which is indicated by a green color. Calcein green is a calcium chelator that adheres to regions of mineralizing bone thereby allowing localization of new bone. Bone formation and remodeling in vivo can be assessed by calcium-binding calcein labeling. In this study, changes in the femoral bone of a normal mouse model at both 4 and 8 weeks were evaluated using calcein labeling. Intense deposition of calcium in the bone was observed after application for 8 weeks. A mouse model is suitable for application in in vivo experiments using genetically modified mice, such as knock-out mice, however data regarding femoral cross sectional bone in young mice are limited. The current study confirmed calcein as a useful marker for identification of bone growth, which was indicated by a green color on photomicrographs. This methodological process may provide basic information for interpreting bone formation and regeneration to pharmacologic or genetic manipulation in mice.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2002

There are two significant drawbacks in triple image indexing; one is that is cannot support concept-based image retrieval and the other is that it fails to allow disjunctive labeling of images. To remedy the drawbacks, we propose a new technique supporting a concept-based retrieval against images indexed by indefinite fuzzy triples (I-fuzzy triples). The I-fuzzy triples allow not only a disjunctive image labeling, but also a concept-based matching against images labeled disjunctively. The disjunctive labeling is based on the expended closed world assumption and the concept-based image retrieval is based on fuzzy matching. In this paper, we also propose a concept-based query evaluation against the image database to extract desired answers with the degree of certainty $\alpha$$\in$[1,0].

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.709-720
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• 2015

After analyzing the actual acquisition status of carbon labeling by year and by product for the past four years, as well as its certification in the construction-related sectors of greenhouse gas emission, this study attempted to present the problems and coping strategies upon issuing the carbon labeling certification in the landscape architecture. During the period of this analysis, the carbon labelings were acquired by 134 enterprises, 267 workplaces, and 735 products, while the percentage of acquisition was highest in the regular non-durable goods(49%), followed by energy-consuming durable goods(26%), regular production goods (19%), regular durable goods(3%), and service(3%). Furthermore, the acquisition certifications in construction sectors, were highest in the various pipes/panel(8 cases), followed by concrete(6 cases), gypsum board(4 cases), and landscape architecture materials(2 cases). The landscape architecture only had two cases in the acquisition certification for the first time in 2012, which accounted for 0.27% of the entire certification products, due to the uncertainty in the process, the lack of professionalism, and the lack of comprehension. However, the study conducted on the coping strategies for carbon labeling in the landscape architecture revealed the following: (1) regular reporting system management through the division of labor in the head office and factories, (2) the building of objective DB through the adoption of data management programs such as SAP, (3) continuous promotion and vitalization of the incentive system, (4) the adoption of mandatory or preferential application system in landscaping projects, management, and bidding, (5) enhancement of elasticity in deliberation of certification by recruiting experts in the landscape architecture sectors, and (6) provision of incentives for the cooperative firms acquiring the certification and support for their participation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.236-241
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• 2009

Information integration for distributed and heterogeneous data sources is still an open challenging, and schema matching is critical in this process. This paper presents and approach to automatic elements matching between XML application schemas using similarity measure and relaxation labeling. The semantic modeling of XML application schema has also been presented. The similarity measure method considers element categories and their properties. In an effort to achieve an optimal matching, contextual constraints are used in the relaxation labeling method. Based on the semantic modeling of XML application schemas, the compatible constraint coefficients are devised in terms of the structures and semantic relationships as defined in the semantic model. To examine the effectiveness of the proposed methods, an algorithm for XML schema matching has been developed, and corresponding computational experiments show changes of calculated values.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.537-542
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• 2022

This study was conducted to provide basic data on the amount of sodium and the setting of permissible error range of actual measurement, which is a problem for cabbage kimchi nutrients subject to labeling. The sample targeted was baechu (Kimchi cabbage) kimchi, which might have a large variation in sodium content by part of kimchi. Kimchi samples were collected twice from eight companies by season (spring, summer, fall, and winter). The average sodium content in kimchi samples was 619±87 mg/100 g (range, 534±63 mg/100 g to 783±40 mg/100 g). The error in average annual sodium content of abandonment kimchi (maximum value difference compared to the minimum value) was 26.8 to 64.3%. Sodium contents in kimchi produced in spring and summer were relatively low. However, deviation between individuals was large. It was found that cases exceeding the permissible error (120%) standard varied depending on the criteria for setting the amount of sodium. In addition, due to seasonal differences, sodium content in kimchi exceeded 120% of the labeling value. Thus, it is necessary to set standards suitable for characteristics of kimchi to prevent unintentional violations of labeling standards by raw materials and manufacturing processes.