• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 2013

The Honolulu Strategy is a framework document to address marine debris issue globally. The Fifth International Marine Debris Conference held in March 2011 and organized by NOAA and UNEP catalyzed the development of the Holonulu Strategy. Goals of the Strategy are to reduce the amount and impact of land-based, sea-based, and accumulated marine debris. A set of strategies for each goal were provided for education and awareness, legislation, and alternative technologies. The Strategy also lists indicators that could be used to evaluate outcomes of strategies. The adoption of the Honolulu Strategy by the international community has led the international organizations such as GPA, IMO, and CBD to strengthen their responses to the marine debris issue. UN has also set up specific actions that will be implemented until 2025 through its resolutions on marine debris. Recent global developments related to the marine debris issue might lead to a change in the character of the international marine debris management from the current soft law regime to a mandatory one. The Honolulu Strategy could provide a guideline when the Korean government formulates the Second Basic Plan for Marine Debris Management, especially with its prevention-oriented approaches, utilization of scientific policy development tools, and adoption of evaluation system using performance indicators.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2015

Disturbance to marine wildlife is a serious negative impact of marine debris. In this study, the percentages of Black-faced Spoonbill nests that included plastic marine debris were calculated from surveys conducted on an islet named Suhaam off the western coast of South Korea. The percentages of nests including plastic decreased from 71% in 2010 to 37% in 2011 to 33% in 2012. The total number of nests increased from 28 in 2010 to 38 in 2011 to 43 in 2012. These differences in nests and nesting materials were possibly due to natural nesting materials such as tree branches and rice straws that were provided at the breeding site as a protective action in 2011 and 2012. Additional conservation efforts should be made to prevent further negative impacts from marine debris.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.45-53
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• 2002

This investigation is performed to prepare reducing method drained floating debris from the river This paper is present an investigation result of the marine debris characteristics that drained from korea 4 big river(han river, kum river, youngsan river, nakdong river) during July and August. A mount of floating debris different with rainfall. Short heavy rain like as 150mm/day floating debris drained lower, almost floating debris drained when a flooding cause by continuance heavy rain. Floating debris draining is not continuance, but concentrated on a flooding. All debris is do not drained ocean, a lot of debris accumulated riverside. Floating debris is drained with plant and configuration is similar with other river. But, the component ratio is different, so that, to Prepare removing method for floating debris consider that effect of plant debris.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.491-501
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• 2007

This study deals with bottom debris and benthos which have obtained by using a beam trawler in Chinhae bay, Korea. The temperature and salinity didn't impact on the fish species and weights in the bay. But bottom debris is dominated on the precipitation into the bay. And it also was nearly very soiled owing to geographical condition of semi-enclosed bay. Moreover, all debris was not related on the quantitative variability of benthos. On the other hand, it was revealed to be reverse-correlative with fish species and positive-correlative with fish weights.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.43-56
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• 2002

(1) This study was carried out to obtain seasonal fluctuations of marine debris in 5 beaches near the Southern Coast of Korea during May, 1999 - April, 2000. The results are as follows: 1. The density of marine debris was remarkably highest at Namhae beach among 5 beaches. The major part of debris in the beach was styrofoam, with the density of 348.5${ea/km}^2$. But, it was Songjung where the largest amount of resin pellets existed. 2. The composition of styrofoam consisted of 51% of the marine debris, wood& papers was 11%, resin pellets & plastics were 8% and others were 16%. 3. Seasonal fluctuations irregularly change in each beach, but the amount of resin pellets were found to be large only in September. It is estimated that resin pellets are beached upon the coastal beaches by the strong warm currents(Tushima currents) during the summer season. 4. Debris fabrication materials that were found had most of parts made up of PE 71.2%, PP 21.2% and EVA 7.7% through these surveys. 5. In the polluted state, the medium one among the 3 specifications(o1d, medium and new state) occupied 88.5% or so.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2012

Transport of marine debris between countries is a potential source of diplomatic conflicts. U-i Island in Shinan County, Jeonnam Province has been reported by media as being damaged by marine debris from foreign countries. However, scientific researches on those marine debris have not been published. So, the features of foreign marine debris on Seongchon Beach in U-i Island were surveyed on Feb. 2012. The ratio of marine debris from foreign countries was 34.7% by number of items, 56.3% by weight, and 48.5% by volume in $200m^2$ transacts. Most of them, 98.9% in number, were inferred to be originated from China. The most abundant items were plastic beverage bottles and black floats. The total number of black floats was 539 within the 1,100m beach. Fifteen of them had information on manufactured locations, of which 87.6% were Liaoning Province in northern China. As domestic policy cannot prevent the inflow of the marine debris from foreign countries, countermeasures should be sought out from the international cooperation with the neighboring countries. For the black floats, recycling method should be developed as lots of the same types of black floats are drifted ashore in winter. And, as the U-i Island is a National Park with its valuable natural heritages, methods should be designed to minimize impacts on dune topography and ecology.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.274-282
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• 2014

The Korean government is considering the implementation of the marine debris pollution abatement technology program (MDPATP) to mitigate the negative impacts of marine debris and systematically manage marine debris through scientific researches such as monitoring and environmental impact assessment of marine debris. In this regard, this study attempts to analyze the economic feasibility of the MDPATP in order to provide policy-maker with useful information. To this end, the indices for economic feasibility such as net present value (NPV), benefit/cost (B/C) ratio, and internal rate of return (IRR) are presented. The results show that NPV, B/C ratio, and IRR are computed to be 45.7 billion won, 2.72, and 17.12%, respectively, which are bigger than 0, 1.0, and 5.5%, and that the MDPATP passes the cost-benefit analysis. Thus, it is concluded that it is socially profitable to conduct the MDPATP.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1249-1258
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• 2022

Marine debris is defined as a substance that is intentionally or inadvertently left on the shore or is introduced or discharged into the ocean, which has or is likely to have a harmful effect on the marine environments. In this study, the detection of marine debris and the analysis of the amount of change on marine debris were performed using the object detection method for an efficient method of identifying the quantity of marine debris and analyzing the amount of change. The study area is Yuho Mongdol Beach in the northeastern part of Geoje Island, and the amount of change was analyzed through images collected at 15-minute intervals for 32 days from September 12 to October 14, 2022. Marine debris detection using YOLOv5x, a one-stage object detection model, derived the performance of plastic bottles mAP 0.869 and styrofoam buoys mAP 0.862. As a result, marine debris showed a large decrease at 8-day intervals, and it was found that the quantity of Styrofoam buoys was about three times larger and the range of change was also larger.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.125-140
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• 2023

We investigated meiofaunal biofouling (40-1,000 ㎛) on stranded marine plastic debris (hereafter MPD) collected from 8 coastal areas highly affected by plastic pollution located in the southern part of Korea during June, 2021, in order to analyze the abundance and composition of MPD associated organisms. A total of eight shapes of MPD was collected and classified into four types of plastics (LDPE, PET, PP and EPS) based on Resin Identification Coding System. Meiofounal biofouling was identified into 35 taxa belonging to 11 phylum, 10 classes and 12 order, and were numerically dominated by harpacticoids (EPS: 21.6%, PP: 27.1%), nematodes (LDPE: 23.2%) and foraminiferans (PET: 29.6%). Surface area of MPD was negatively correlated with abundances of organisms on the plastic debris (r = -0.487, p < 0.05, n = 24), indicating that abundances (avg. 3,225 inds. 0.1 m^-2) on the smallest area of PP debris (avg. 0.0208 m² ) were higher than those (avg. 50 inds. 0.1 m^-2) on the largest area of LDPE debris (avg. 0.4029 m^-2). Whereas, there was no correlation between surface area of MPD and the number of taxa on the debris (r = 0.147, p = 0.49, n = 24). These results showed that higher abundances of meiofaunal biofouling were observed on the PP material debris than those on the other debris collected from eight hot spots of the southern coastal waters in Korea, associated with not only polymer type and surface area of the PP debris, but also possibly surface microstructure of the PP debris.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_1
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• pp.1329-1341
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• 2022

Destroying the marine environment and marine ecosystem and causing marine accidents, marine debris is generated every year, and among them, submerged marine debris is difficult to identify and collect because it is on the seabed. Therefore, deep-learning-based semantic segmentation was experimented on waste fish nets and waste ropes using underwater images to identify efficient collection and distribution. For segmentation, a high-resolution network (HRNet), a state-of-the-art deep learning technique, was used, and the performance of each optimizer was compared. In the segmentation result fish net, F1 score=(86.46%, 86.20%, 85.29%), IoU=(76.15%, 75.74%, 74.36%), For the rope F1 score=(80.49%, 80.48%, 77.86%), IoU=(67.35%, 67.33%, 63.75%) in the order of adaptive moment estimation (Adam), Momentum, and stochastic gradient descent (SGD). Adam's results were the highest in both fish net and rope. Through the research results, the evaluation of segmentation performance for each optimizer and the possibility of segmentation of marine debris in the latest deep learning technique were confirmed. Accordingly, it is judged that by applying the latest deep learning technique to the identification of submerged marine debris through underwater images, it will be helpful in estimating the distribution of marine sedimentation debris through more accurate and efficient identification than identification through the naked eye.