• 제목/요약/키워드: kneading

검색결과 78건 처리시간 0.025초

Hydroxy Silicone Oil이 실리콘 고무의 절연특성에 마치는 영향 (Effects of Hydroxy Silicone Oil on Insulation Properties of Silicone Rubber)

  • 강동필;박효열;안명상;김대환;이후범;오세호
    • 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.15
    • /
    • pp.51-54
    • /
    • 2002
  • 폴리머 애자용 Shed 재료의 전기방전에 대한 열화내성과 표면발수성은 제품의 장기성능에 있어서 가장 중요한 물성들이다. 그러나 무기보강재의 첨가량이 많아 무결점 성형성을 만족하도록 하기 위해서 Process Oil의 사용이 불가피한데 사용하는 오일의 종류와 양에 따라 옥외절연물의 장기성능에 영향을 주는 표면발수성이나 방전내성은 크게 차이가 나는 것으로 밝혀져 있다. 본 논문에서는 화학적 구조와 점도가 다른 몇 종의 hydroxy silicone oil(HS 오일)을 혼련 (kneading) 하는 과정에 첨가하여 이들 오일의 종류와 양이 고무의 기본적인 물성, 발수성, 방전열화내성, 내트래킹성 등에 어떻게 영향을 주는가를 조사하였다. 코로나 처리시간에 따라서 접촉각의 저하정도와 코로나 처리 후 경과시간에 따른 발수성의 회복특성을 조사하였다. HS 오일의 접도에 따라 초기발수성, 발수성 회복특성의 차이가 많았다. 점도가 낮을수록 초기 발수성 저하는 크며 회복속도는 빠른 반면 점도가 높을수록 초기 발수성 저하는 작은 반변은 발수성 회복속도는 다소 느리게 나타났다 내트래킹성 결과는 점도가 높을수록 우수한 특성을 보였다. 결론적으로 폴리머 애자용 실리콘고무의 컴파운딩에서 실리콘오일의 선택은 성형작업성, 발수성회복특성, 열화내성 외에 가격 등을 고려하여 최적화가 필요하다.

  • PDF

Preferences and Consumption Patterns of Consumer to Develop Processed Pork Products for Export

  • Seo, Sang-Hee;Kim, Eun-Mi;Kim, Young-Boong
    • 한국축산식품학회지
    • /
    • 제32권1호
    • /
    • pp.18-23
    • /
    • 2012
  • This study was conducted to survey the perception of domestic consumers about traditional pork dishes, and to utilize the survey result as a basis for the development of processed pork products. A survey was conducted on 218 domestic consumers regarding the following: general questions, propensity and preference to consume pork dishes, pork dishes feasible for export, and the types and problems of processed products feasible for export. The results of the survey showed that the respondents consumed pork dishes 3-4 times a month on average and they appeared to consume the pork dishes most frequently in specialized restaurants. The highest preference was shown in Samgyeopasal gui (grilled pork belly) and Galbi gui (grilled pork rib) among the pork dishes, whereas the lowest preference was shown in Kkubdegi gui (grilled pork skin) and Gookbob (boiled rice and pork served in soup). When the type of processed pork products available according to pork dishes were analyzed, the result showed that Samgyeopasal gui (grilled pork belly) and Nirbiani (slices of roast, seasoned pork in width) could be developed as a frozen product, Geyook Bokeum (stir-fried spicy pork), Bulgogi (Korean-style barbecued pork), and Galbi jjim (braised short ribs) could be developed as a retort product, and that Bossam (boiled pork eaten with a salty sauce and wrapped in greens), Pyeonyuk (slices of boiled pork), Jokbal (pork trotters), and Sundae (kneading together seasoned mixture of vegetables and glass noodles stuffing it into casings made of hog intestines, which are then tied off at the ends and boiled) could be developed as a vacuum-packed product. When the survey concerning the problems expected in the development of processed products using pork dishes was conducted, the result showed that there could be a texture change issue for Galbi gui, Samgyeopasal gui and Nirbiani; a preservation issue for Bossam, Pyeonyuk; a safety issue for Bulgogi and Geyook Bokeum; a taste and flavor change issue for Geyook Bokeum and Sundae; and a packaging issue for Gookbob.

${\beta}$-씨클로덱스트린 포접화합물로부터 펜티아작의 용출 (Studies on Dissolution of Fentiazac from ${\beta}-Cyclodextrin$ Inclusion Complex)

  • 윤형중;백운봉;서성훈;김수억
    • Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
    • /
    • 제20권3호
    • /
    • pp.153-159
    • /
    • 1990
  • To increase the solubility of fentiazac which is used widely as a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug, its inclusion complex and suppositories were prepared and studied. Inclusion complexes of fentiazac with ${\beta}-cyclodertin$ $({\beta}-CyD)$ were prepared by four diffrent methods; coprecipitation method, kneading method, solvent evaporation method, freeze drying method. Suppositories of $fentiazac/{\beta}-CyD$ with PEG 1500 and Witepsol H-15 were prepared by solvent evaporation method and freeze drying method. Inclusion complex formation of fentiazac with ${\beta}-CyD$ was ascertained by powder X-ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry and IR spectroscopy. The dissolution rate of fentiazac from the inclusion complex increased in distilled water and KP 2nd disintegration test fluids (pH 6.8) but extemly decreased in KP 1st disintegration test fluid (pH 1.2). Inclusion complexes prepared by freeze drying method and solvent evaporation method were similar. Freeze drying method seemed to be suitable for preparation of complex with most higher dissolution rate but coprecipitation method seemed not to be suitable. The dissolution rate of fentiazac increased markedly by ${\beta}-CyD$ complexation. The release rates of suppositories increased in the following order. Complex prepared by freeze dying method in PEG 1500 > complex prepared by solvent evaporation method in PEG 1500 > fentiazac in PEG 1500 > complex prepared by freeze dying method in Witepsol H-15 > complex prepared by solvent evaporation method in Witepsol H-15 > fentiazac in Witepsol H-15.

  • PDF

교합형 동방향 이축압출기의 스크류 조합에 대한 고찰 (A Review on the Screw Configuration of Intermeshing Co-rotating Twin Screw Extruder)

  • 이시춘;김형수
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
    • /
    • 제59권3호
    • /
    • pp.305-315
    • /
    • 2021
  • 교합형 동방향이축압출기는 고분자재료의 컴파운딩에 주로 사용되는 기계이다. 이축압출기는 가공하는 재료와 생산제품에 적합한 스크류 조합을 설계하여 품질과 생산성이 양호한 컴파운딩공정을 구축할 수 있다. 스크류조합을 구성하는 스크류와 니딩 엘리먼트의 종류, 형상 및 사양에 대하여 정리하였고, 각각의 엘리먼트가 조합될 때 고분자 수지의 가공성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보았다. 범용수지의 대량생산에 보편적으로 적용되는 스크류 조합의 원리를 설명하였고, 피딩, 용융혼련 및 미터링영역에 적합한 스크류조합의 방향과 사례를 나열하였다. 액상첨가제나 무기필러의 사이드피딩, 반응압출, 탈기공정, 밝은 색상과 투명도가 요구되는 제품의 생산 및 겉보기비중이 낮은 재료의 가공 등 각각의 경우에 맞는 스크류조합의 방향과 원리를 제시하였다.

냉동 냉면류의 제조공정별 미생물학적 위해요소 평가 (Microbial Hazard Analysis of the Manufacturing Processes for Frozen Korean Cold Noodle, Naengmyeon)

  • 김유정;김혜진;임영은;양혜걸;박슬기;정진숙;엄애선
    • 급식외식위생학회지
    • /
    • 제3권1호
    • /
    • pp.38-44
    • /
    • 2022
  • This study investigated the microbiological hazards in the manufacturing processes of Naengmyeon. Sanitary indicative bacteria, such as aerobic plate counts and coliforms as well as pathogenic bacteria, were examined from raw materials, manufacturing processes, working area, 17 utensils and equipment. The aerobic plate counts for raw materials and arrowroot starch estimated as 0.77±0.68~5.02±0.28 and 5.02±0.28 log CFU/g, respectively. Coliforms were detected from wheat flour, buckwheat flour, and potato starch. Staphylococcus aureus was detected to be 0.61±1.06 log CFU/g in wheat flour and 0.20±0.35 log CFU/g in buckwheat flour. During the manufacturing process, aerobic plate counts for kneading process were 4.54±0.34 log CFU/g. But after the press out and heat process, contamination of aerobic plate counts and coliforms decreased and remained at a low level until the release process. Aerobic plate counts before washing disinfection of screw were 3.28±0.62 log CFU/100 cm2, the level of which was high in utensils and equipment that had contact with employees or water. These results represent not only an important indicator for the hygienic level but also a scientific basis for analyzing biological hazards, which lead to the introduction of HACCP for the production of safe and hygienic cold noodles processed by manufacturers.

나노다이아몬드가 첨가된 탄소블록의 열전도도 특성 (The Thermal Conductivity Characteristics of Carbon Block with Nano-Diamond)

  • 이준숭;문지훈;주성욱;이승욱;김민일
    • 공업화학
    • /
    • 제34권6호
    • /
    • pp.608-612
    • /
    • 2023
  • 탄소블록의 열전도도를 증가시키기 위하여 탄소블록 제조 공정 중 nano-diamond (ND)를 첨가하였다. 첨가된 ND는 탄화 과정에서 바인더 피치의 휘발로 인하여 생성된 탄소블록의 기공을 제어하였다. ND의 첨가는 코크스 및 바인더 피치의 혼련 공정에 추가하였으며, 성형, 탄화를 거쳐 탄소블록을 제조하였다. 첨가된 ND의 양이 증가할수록 탄소블록의 ND 비율이 증가하였다. 첨가된 ND는 탄화 과정에서 바인더 피치의 휘발로 인하여 발생하는 가스의 이동 통로 역할을 하여 탄소블록의 밀도를 높이고, 기공률을 감소시켰다. ND의 첨가를 통하여 높아진 밀도, 낮아진 기공률, ND의 높은 열전도도를 통하여 탄소블록의 열전도도를 향상시킬 수 있었다.

식재료 아웃소싱이 경제적 주방에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 - 특1급호텔 양식조리를 중심으로 - (Study on economic effects of outsourcing of food materials on the hotel kitchen - Focus on cooking Western food in the first class hotel -)

  • 성태종
    • 한국관광식음료학회지:관광식음료경영연구
    • /
    • 제13권2호
    • /
    • pp.45-69
    • /
    • 2002
  • This study is designed to examine feasibility and limitation of outsourcing in cooking Western food in a hotel, to interpret importance of outsourcing(eg. outside order, outside procurement, outside supply) in a broad sense in order to reinforce the core capacity in the cooking department, and to know whether the cooking human power is efficiently used and how much the chefs recognize outsourcing of food materials. As many companies conduct restructuring to cut down its size, the reduction of human power led the Western food cooking in the hotel to lower core capacities, lower quality, and lower efficiency. In addition, the sagging morale of chefs undermined creativity. To change from the traditional kitchen to an economic kitchen needs to look into importance of outsourcing, cognitive attitude of chefs, relation with outside suppliers. Here suggests performance of positive changes in the structure The study examined feasibility and limitation of outsourcing in the hotel kitchen as well as chefs' cognitive attitude toward outsourcing of food materials to reinforce core capabilities of the hotel kitchen. 1. Companies of outsourcing are selected according to variability of price conditions, flexibility of contract conditions, popularity of the outsourcing company, and reputation of the outsourcing company. 2. The importance of outsourcing in the Western food cooking is divided into 4 factors such as standard of selecting outsourcing companies, policies of cooking manu, quality of cooking, and quantity of cooking. 3. The most feasible section in outsourcing of food materials is a process of kneading flour for bread, which shows that many Western-food chefs expect to put higher possibility of outsourcing on the kneading. In other words, when it comes to confectionery and bakery, there are many outside expert processing companies supplying high quality products. In the order of outsourcing feasibility, sauce is followed by processed vegetable, garnish of main dish, and soup. The least feasible section in outsourcing of food materials is appetize. Appetize includes a concept of a improvised dish and needs speed. Due to its color, freshness, and sensibility of taste, the appetize plays a key role in the Western food cooking. 4. When outsourcing is taken in place, the highest risk is to lower the inner cooking skills. Therefore chefs in charge of the Western food sequently recognize both internal problems including storage of cooking skills, unstability of layoffs, and loss of cooperation between departments, and external problems including inferior goods, difficulty of differentiating manu, delay of delivery, and expiration date. It shows that most of the Western food chefs consider risks of the internal problems at first. 5. A effective outsourcing needs appropriate selection of outsourcing companies, maintenance of credibility, active communication, check and management of hygiene. However regardless of their position or career, chefs in charge of the Western food have the same cognitive attitude toward selecting successful outsourcing companies after the outsourcing system is enforced. The core of cooking, or a final stage in the full process of so-called artistic cooking, should be treated with insourcing. Reduction of several cooking processes resulted in shortened cooking time, increased efficiency, faster cooking, cutting the waiting-lines, and finally more room for customers. The outsourcing system can reduce or eliminate the following processes in cooking: buying various food materials, checking, storing, preparing, and processing. Especially in the Western food cooking department of a hotel, the outsourcing system should be enforced to make an economic kitchen and to efficiently manage it. Wow it's time to change from the traditional kitchen to an economic kitchen in the hotel cooking department. For that, the cooking department should become a small but strong organization by outsourcing except its core work.

  • PDF

야제 (夜啼)의 한의학 치료에 대한 최신 중의학 임상 연구 동향 -2000년대 이후 발표된 임상 연구 논문을 중심으로- (Review of Clinical Research Literatures on Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Pediatric Night Crying)

  • 김상민;이진용;이선행;도태윤
    • 대한한방소아과학회지
    • /
    • 제32권3호
    • /
    • pp.100-118
    • /
    • 2018
  • Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze some of the TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) clinical research literatures about pediatric night crying in order to learn clinical application of Korean medicine treatment for pediatric night crying. Methods We searched clinical trial literatures about TCM treatment of pediatric night crying from the CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) (January 2000 to June 2018). We analyzed the literature in regards to the treatment methods and the results. Results Among the 459 searched studies, 13 randomized controlled trials and 41 case studies were selected and analyzed. In most of the studies, the effectiveness of TCM in treating patients was significantly high, so we confirmed the effectiveness of TCM on pediatric night crying. The most commonly used pattern differentiations (辨證) were Spirit damage due to fright and fear (驚恐傷神), Spleen deficiency and cold (脾虛寒) and Heart fire heat (心火熱). Methods of treatment include herbal medicines (internal medicine and external application), massage therapy (Tuina methods), acupuncture and other treatments (bloodletting). The most commonly used herb medicines were Cicadidae Periostracum (蟬?), Poria Cocos (茯?), Glycyrrhizae Radix (甘草), Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus (釣鉤藤), Junci Medulla (燈心草), Fossilia Ossis Mastodi (龍骨), Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba (白朮), Cinnabaris (朱砂), and Coptidis Rhizoma (黃連). The most commonly used massage methods were Clearing Liver Channel (淸肝經), Clearing Heart Channel (淸心經), Kneading $Xi{\check{a}}oti{\bar{a}}nx{\bar{i}}n$ (?小天心), Supplementing Spleen Channel (補脾經), Clearing $Ti{\bar{a}}nh{\acute{e}}shu{\check{i}}$ (淸天河水), and Rubbing Abdomen (摩腹). Conclusions Based on the results of clinical studies from China, the use of Korean medicine for the treatment of pediatric night crying has been shown to be effective in relieving symptoms. Based on the results of this study, it is possible to widen the scope of Korean medicine by additionally reviewing clinical and experimental studies on pediatric night crying.

항당뇨 한약추출고형물의 Sprague-Dawley 랫드를 이용한 단회 및 4주 반복투여 독성시험 (Single and Four-Week Repeated Oral Toxicity Study of Antidiabetic Herb Extract Microcapsule in Sprague-Dawley Rats)

  • 김영철;김혜정;공민규;임애경;권미화;김길수;이기동
    • Toxicological Research
    • /
    • 제23권1호
    • /
    • pp.87-96
    • /
    • 2007
  • Single and repeated-dose toxicity of anti-diabetic herb extract microcapsule (ADHEM) were evaluated according to Toxicity Test Guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration using Sprague-Dawley rats. For single-dose toxicity test, kneading ADHEM with sterilized water were administered orally once at dose levels of 0 and 2,000 mg/kg and examined for 14 days. No dead animals, clinical signs and abnormal necropsy findings were observed and also no significant difference in body weights was found. Therefore, the $LD_{50}$ of ADHEM was considered to be higher than 2,000 mg/kg in both male and female rats. For repeated-dose toxicity test, ADHEM were mixed with powder fodder and administerd orally for 28 days at dose levels of 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg/day. No dead animals, clinical signs and significant difference in body weights were found. In hematology and serum biochemistry, all values were included within the normal ranges. In relative organ weights, kidney or liver were significantly increased in the 500, 1000 or 2000 mg/kg/day male groups, uterus was significantly increased in the 500 mg/kg/day female group and left adrenal glands were significantly decreased in the 2000 mg/kg/day female group. In histopathological examinations, vacuolation and microgranuloma in the liver, chronic progressive nephropathy and inflammation in the kidney were observed in the 500, 1000 or 2000 mg/kg/day both male and female groups. Therefore, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of ADHEM was considered to be lower than 500 mg/kg/day in both male and female rats.

메밀가루와 밀가루 복합분의 건면 제조시험 (Dried Noodle Making of Composite Flours Utilizing Buckwheat and Wheat Flour)

  • 김용순;김형수
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
    • /
    • 제16권3호
    • /
    • pp.146-153
    • /
    • 1983
  • 메밀을 제분하여 내층부터 외층까지 $B_1,B_2,B_3$$B_0$$(B_1:B_2:B_3=1:1:1)$으로 나누고 이들에게 제면적성을 향시키기 위하여 강력밀가루를 혼합하고 여기에 결착성개량제인 sodium alginate (SA)와 xanthan gum(XG)를 첨가하여 전면을 제조할 때의 제면적성을 알아보았다. 1) 메밀분 $B_1$에서 $B_2,B_3$로 될 수록 조회분, 조단백, 조지방의 함량이 현저하게 높았다. 2) Amylograph에 의한 메밀분 $B_1$의 최고 점도는 밀가루에 비하여 $4{\sim}5$배 정도로 높으며, $B_3$$B_1$보다는 낮으나 역시 밀가루보다 2배이상 높다. 또한 SA와 XG는 원료분의 최고점도를 더 높여주었다. 3) <메밀분 40+강력밀가루60>수준부터 밀가루 혼합수준을 높여야 상온에서의 전면제조가 가능하였으며, 이들의 조리특성도 메밀분의 혼합수준이 낮아질수록 밀가루면에 접근하였다. 4) 메밀건면의 제조에서 XG, SA를 $1.0{\sim}1.5$% 수준으로 첨가하면 면대형성, 조리면의 제성질등 제면적성을 개선하였다.

  • PDF