• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.19.1-19.7
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• 2016

A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine hexavalent chromium ($Cr^{6+}$) accumulation in the mullet and investigate $Cr^{6+}$ toxicity using a panel of biomarkers including metallothioneins (MTs), glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and superoxide dismutases (SODs) for 4 weeks. $Cr^{6+}$ bioaccumulation in all tissues, except muscle, was consistently time- and dose-dependent. The accumulation of $Cr^{6+}$ for 4-week exposures was in the following order: $kidney{\approx}liver$ > $intestine{\approx}gill$ > spleen > muscle. Compared with the control, $Cr^{6+}$ bioaccumulation was increased in ${\geq}200{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ groups (P < 0.05). An independent relation was observed between accumulation factors (AFs) and exposure concentration. But AFs increased with exposure time. In the liver and gill, GST and SOD differed from the control at a high $Cr^{6+}$ concentration at 2 and 4 weeks (P < 0.05). This study indicated that the gills were as sensitive as the liver to $Cr^{6+}$ toxicity. However, the latter appeared to influence largely on the organism's adaptive response to $Cr^{6+}$, since $Cr^{6+}$ may elevate GSH and MT levels by enhancing the hepatic uptake of metal in the mullet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.1022-1025
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• 2002

Effect of chemical stress of daily administration of glucocorticoid (dexamethasone @0.125 mg./calf/day) injections on plasma zinc levels, Zn status of body tissues and its distribution in sub cellular fractions, was studied in neonatal buffalo calves. Daily i/m injections of dexamethasone, starting at the completion of 1 week of age and continued till 8th week, led to a significant decline in plasma Zn concentration from 3rd week onwards, which then persisted throughout the rest of the experimental period. In control group, liver had the highest concentration of zinc, followed by heart, muscle, spleen, kidney and testis. In all these tissues, cytosolic fractions had the highest (>60%) zinc levels followed by nuclear, mitochondrial and microsomal fractions. In dexamethasone treated calves, there was a significant increase in the Zn uptake by the tissues of liver and muscle. This increase in zinc concentration was observed in all the sub cellular fractions of liver and muscle, however about 80% of this increase was in cytosolic fraction. It was concluded that glucocorticoid-induced stress caused increase in Zn levels of liver/muscles and decrease in blood plasma zinc, thus indicating a redistribution of Zn in body.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.199-201
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• 2003

A 38-year-old woman with end stage renal disease received a living related donor-renal transplant to the right iliac fossa. She developed anuria a week later Tc-99m $MAG_3$ renal scintigraphy demonstrated no perfusion, uptake, or excretion of the radioactive tracer from the renal transplant. The expected area of the renal allograft appeared as a photopenic area with increased rim activity. The gallbladder and bowel activities were observed on delayed images at 24 hours. There was no blood flow within the renal artery on renal doppler examination. This case shows total absence of perfusion and function in the infarcted renal transplant with extrarenal excretion of Tc-99m $MAG_3$ caused by acute renal artery thrombosis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.228-234
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• 2000

We have synthesized a novel platinum(II) coordination complex containing trans-ι-1,2-diaminocy-clohexane (DACH) as a carrier ligand and 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) as a leaving group. A new series of [Pt(trans-ι-DACH)(DCE)](PC) was evaluated for its cytotoxic activity on MKN-45 human gastric adenocar-cinoma cells and normal primary cultured kidney cells. The new platinum complex has demonstrated high efficacy in the cytotoxicity against MKN-45/P, MKN-45/ADM and MKN-45/CDDP cell-lines. The cytotoxicity of PC against rabbit proximal renal tubular cells, human renal cortical cells and human renal cortical tissues, determined by MTT assay, the [$^3H$]-thymidine uptake arid glucose consumption tests, was found to be quite less than those of cisplatin. Based on these results, this novel platinum(II) coordination complex appears to be better for improving antitumor activities with low nephrotoxicity and is a valuable lead in the development of new, clinically available anticancer chemotherapeutic agents.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.248-253
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• 2023

Directly, it is not possible to measure the absorbed dose of radiopharmaceuticals in the organs of the human body. Therefore, simulation methods are utilized to estimate the dose in distinct organs. In this study, individual organs were separately considered as the source organ or target organ to calculate the mean absorption dose, which SAF and S factors were then calculated according to the target uptake via MIRD method. Here, ^99mTc activity distribution within the target was analyzed using the definition and simulation of ideal organs by summing the fraction of cumulative activities of the heart as source organ. Thus, GATE code was utilized to simulate the Zubal humanoid phantom. To validate the outcomes in comparison to the similar results reported, the accumulation of activity in the main organs of the body was calculated at the moment of injection and cardiac rest condition after 60 min of injection. The results showed the highest dose absorbed into pancreas was about 21%, then gallbladder 18%, kidney 16%, spleen 15%, heart 8%, liver 8%, thyroid 7%, lungs 5% and brain 2%, respectively, after 1 h of injection. This distinct simulation model may also be used for different periods after injection and modifying the prescribed dose.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.435-441
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• 2023

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) may secrete hormones or bioactive neuropeptides such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), which can mask the clinical manifestations of catecholamine hypersecretion. We report the case of a patient with delayed diagnosis of paraganglioma due to the development of IL-6-mediated systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). A 58-year-old woman presented with dyspnea and flank pain accompanied by SIRS and acute cardiac, kidney, and liver injuries. A left paravertebral mass was incidentally observed on abdominal computed tomography (CT). Biochemical tests revealed increased 24-hour urinary metanephrine (2.12 mg/day), plasma norepinephrine (1,588 pg/mL), plasma normetanephrine (2.27 nmol/L), and IL-6 (16.5 pg/mL) levels. ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/CT showed increased uptake of FDG in the left paravertebral mass without metastases. The patient was finally diagnosed with functional paraganglioma crisis. The precipitating factor was unclear, but phendimetrazine tartrate, a norepinephrine-dopamine release drug that the patient regularly took, might have stimulated the paraganglioma. The patient's body temperature and blood pressure were well controlled after alpha-blocker administration, and the retroperitoneal mass was surgically resected successfully. After surgery, the patient's inflammatory, cardiac, renal, and hepatic biomarkers and catecholamine levels improved. In conclusion, our report emphasizes the importance of IL-6-producing PPGLs in the differential diagnosis of SIRS.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

$^{68}Ga$ 방사성 핵종은 $^{68}Ge/^{68}Ga$ 제너레이터에서 생산되는 양전자 방출핵종으로서 PET 검사에 이용되는 방사성 핵종이다. $^{68}Ga$은 67.8분의 반감기를 가지고 88.9 %의 ${\beta}$+ 붕괴와 11.1 %의 전자포획으로 $^{68}Zn$으로 붕괴된다. ${\beta}$+ 붕괴 과정에서 87.7 %는 기저상태의 $^{68}Zn$로 붕괴되며, 1.2 %는 여기상태의 $^{68}Zn$로 붕괴된다. 여기상태의 $^{68}Zn$은 1.077 Mev의 ${\gamma}$선을 방출하며 기저상태의 $^{68}Zn$가 된다. 이때 방출되는 1.077 Mev의 ${\gamma}$선을 Prompt Gamma라 하며, Prompt Gamma-ray가 환자와 상호작용하게 되면 저에너지 ${\gamma}$선의 산란선이 발생되게 되는데 이 산란선이 PET의 동시계수 회로에 검출되어 질 수 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 $^{68}Ga$을 이용하는 PET검사 중 신경내분비 종양진단에 사용되는 $^{68}Ga$-DOTATOC PET/CT영상에 Prompt Gamma-ray 보정 전 후의 표준섭취계수(SUV)를 평가해 보고자 하였다. $^{68}Ga$-DOTATOC PET/CT를 시행한 15명의 환자에 대해서 병변부위(Pancreas, Liver, Thoracic Spine, Brain)와 정상으로 섭취되는 조직(Pituitary, Lung, Liver, Spleen, Kidney, Intestine)의 SUVmax와 SUVmean을 비교하였으며, 임상영상의 정량적 평가를 위해 Target to Background Ratio(TBR)을 산출하여 비교하였다. Prompt Gamma-ray 보정 후 Thoracic Spine을 제외한 병변부위와 Pituitary를 제외한 정상조직에서 SUVmax, SUVmean은 높은 값을 나타내었으며, TBR은 Prompt Gamma-ray 보정 전 후 각각 $51.51{\pm}49.28$, $55.50{\pm}53.12$로 보정 후 높은 값을 나타냈다. (p<0.0001)

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 1996

본 연구의 목적은 2-kidney 1 clip (2K-1C) 신혈관성 고혈압흰쥐에서 심방이뇨펩이드의 혈관 이완작용의 기전을 규명하고 정상혈압흰쥐에서의 혈관이완작용과 비교하는 것이다. 2K-1C 신혈관성 고혈압흰쥐는 정상혈압흰쥐에 비하여 평균동맥압의 유의한 상승과 혈장레닌활성의 증가가 관찰되었다. 2K-1C 신혈관성 고혈압흰쥐의 대동맥에서 norepinephrine (NE)의 수축력의 감수성 및 최대 수축력이 정상혈압흰쥐의 대동맥보다 증가하였다. 심방이뇨펩타이드는 NE에 의한 수축을 농도-의존적으로 각각의 혈압군에서 억제하였다. 그러나, 2K-1C 신혈관성 고혈압흰쥐에서 심방이뇨펩타이드의 NE 억제 작용은 전체적으로 정상혈압흰쥐에서 보다 감소되었다. 그러나 최대 용량의 심방이뇨펩타이드의 NE 이완작용은 양 고혈압군에서 차이가 없었다. 2K-1C 신혈관성 고혈압흰쥐에서 NE에 의하여 $Ca^{2+}$의 유입이 유의하게 증가하였고, 심방이뇨펩타이드는 이 증가를 억제하였다. 정상혈압흰쥐에서도 심방이뇨펩타이드는 NE에 의하여 유의하게 증가된 $Ca^{2+}$의 유입을 억제하였다. 이상과 같은 결과로 볼 때 정상혈압흰쥐와 2K-1C 신혈관성 고혈압흰쥐의 심방이뇨펩타이드의 이완작용의 기전에는 $Ca^{2+}$의 유입 차단이 관여할 것으로 추측되며, 이때 심방이뇨펩타이드의 NE 수축억제에 대한 potency는 2K-1C 신혈관성 고혈압 흰쥐에서 감소하였으나 efficacy는 정상혈압흰쥐와 비교하여 변함이 없음이 관찰되었다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.117-129
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• 2018

Cellulose has been widely applied into various medical fields including scaffolding, tissue engineering and tissue formation. In this study, we manufactured cellulose medical fiber from Styela clava tunics(SCT-CS) and analyzed the tensile strength, elongation at break, fluid uptake and surface morphology. And then, the biocompatibility and toxicity of SCT-CS were measured in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats after the implantation for 30, 60 and 90 days. The level of tensile strength and fluid uptake were lower in SCT-CS than chromic catgut(CCG), while elongation at break level were maintained the higher in SCT-CS. Also, the roughness with pronounced surface patterns as a result of in vivo degradation was significantly greater in CCG than this of SCT-CS although these levels gradually appeared with time in both groups. After implantation for 90 days, SCT-CS and CCG was successfully implanted around muscle of thigh without any significant immune response. Furthermore, no significant alterations were measured in serum parameters and the specific pathological features induced by most toxic compounds for liver and kidney toxicity. Therefore, these results suggest that SCT-CS showing good biocompatibility and non-toxicity can be successfully prepared from cellulose powder of SCT as well as has the potential for use as a powerful biomaterial for medical sutures.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.98-105
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• 1994

Metallothionein (MT)는 세포내에 존재하는 cystein이 풍부한 적은 단백질로서 핵의학적 영상이나 치료에 이응이 가능할 여러 금속성 방사성 동위원소와 결합한다. 본 연구는 sarcoma를 주사한 Balb/C mice에서 MT와 결합하는 방사성동위원소인 cadmium이 종양에 축적되는가를 확인하고, 그것이 핵의학적인 영상과 치료에 이용될 수 있는지와 Ga-67을 대신할 수 있는지를 보기 위해 종양과 정상조직에서 Cd-109과 Ga-67의 섭취율을 비교하고 종양과 정상조직의 비를 비교하였다. Balb/3T3 세포를 Molony murine sarcoma virus (MMSV)로 변형시킨 세포를 Balb/C mice의 왼쪽 서혜부에 피하로 주사한 후 종양이 $0.6{\sim}l.0cm^2$로 자랐을 때 $25{\mu}Ci$ Cd-109 chloride와 $40{\mu}Ci$ Ga-67 citrate을 피하주사 한 후 18 또는 72시간에 쥐를 희생하여 종양과 여러 정상조직을 제거하여 무게를 잰 후 방사능을 측정하였다. Cd-109의 종양섭취는 Ga-67과 비슷하나 대부분의 정상조직에 비해 (MT가 풍부한 간과 신장을 제외) Ga-67보다 높았다. 종양대 정상조직의 섭취비는 Cd-109이 Ga-67에 비해 배후방사능에 중요한 영향을 미치는 장기인 뼈, 장, 지방조직, 근육, 혈액에서 월등히 높아서 (P<0.001) 같은 종양에서 Ga-67보다 좋은 영상을 얻을 수 있으리라고 생각되며, MT에 결합하는 cadmium은 암의 종양영상과 치료에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.