• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.487-496
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• 2000

목적: 국소 심근 벽 운동과 수축기 심근두꺼워짐에 대한 자동정량화 소프트웨어의 재현성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 31명의 무작위 추출한 관상동맥질 환자에서 부하 게이트 Tc-99m-MIBI SPECT를 시행하는 중에, 게이트 심근 SPECT를 1회 시행한 이후 바로 이어 한번 더 게이트 SPECT를 시행하였다. 얻어진 영상으로부터 AutoQUANT 소프트웨어를 이용하여 분절별, 심근벽별로 심근벽 운동과 수축기 심근두꺼워짐의 자동정량값을 얻어, 1회째 값과 2회째 값 사이의 상관계수를 계산하고 Bland-Altman 도표를 통해 변이의 범위를 보았다. 또 각 값들을 등급화한 수치 간에 kappa 값을 구해보았다. 결과: 재현성 분석에서 1회와 2회 시행간의 상관계수는 각각 0.948, 0.878이었으며, weighted kappa 값은 0.807, 0.708로 아주 좋은 일치도를 보였다. Bland-Altman 분석에서 변이의 2 표준편차 범위는 각각 ${\pm}2.0mm,\;{\pm}20.2%$였다. 각각의 재현성은 분절영역, 성별, 관류의 수준에 따라 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론: 이 연구에서 우리는, 심근 벽 운동과 수축기 심근두꺼워짐의 자동정량화 소프트웨어가 좋은 재현성을 가지고 있음을 알았으며, 또한 추적 검사나 치료효과 판정시 심근 벽 운동과 수축기 심근두꺼워짐의 변화 판정 기준을 마련하였다.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제84권6호
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• pp.1290-1308
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• 2023

목적 직장암 병기결정에서 직장 CT의 진단능을 고해상도 직장 MRI 및 병리결과와 비교분석 하였다. 대상과 방법 초음파 젤을 이용하여 직장을 팽창시킨 후 얻은 직장 CT와 고해상도 직장 MRI를 촬영한 66명의 직장암 환자가 포함되었다. 두 명의 위장관 영상의학과 의사가 직장 CT와 MRI에서 항문피부선/항문직장경계까지의 거리, 직장간막근막까지의 거리, 벽외침범 깊이, 직장간막외 림프절 침범, 벽외정맥침범, 및 T/N 병기를 평가하였다. 동시화학방사선요법을 시행 받지 않고 근치적 수술을 시행한 20명의 환자의 CT 소견을 병리결과와 비교하였다. 급내상관분석 및 카파 분석을 이용하여 통계 분석하였다. 결과 항문피부선/항문직장경계까지의 거리 측정에서 두 명의 영상의학과 의사 모두 CT와 MRI 간에 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 벽외침범 깊이, 직장간막근막까지의 거리, 림프절의 유무, 직장간막외 림프절 침범, 벽외정맥침범, T 병기 결정에서 CT와 MRI 간의 높은 일치도를 보였다. 수술을 시행받은 20명의 환자에서 T 병기, 측방절제연 침범, 벽외정맥침범, 림프절 전이 결정에서 CT는 병리결과와 만족할만한 일치율을 보였다. 결론 직장암 전용 CT는 직장암 환자의 병기 결정에 중요한 정보를 제공하며, 진단능은 고해상도 직장 MRI와 유사하다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.4049-4054
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• 2011

A new compound, kalopanaxin F (3), and 11 known compounds (1, 2, 4-12), were isolated from the stem bark of Kalopanax pictus. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic methods. Five of the compounds (2, 3, 5, 6, and 12) significantly inhibited $TNF{\alpha}$-induced NF-${\kappa}B$ transcriptional activity in HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner, with $IC_{50}$ values ranging from 6.2 to 9.1 ${\mu}M$. Furthermore, the transcriptional inhibitory function of these compounds was confirmed based on decreases in COX-2 and iNOS gene expression in HepG2 cells. Compounds 3-7, 9, and 12 significantly activated the transcriptional activity of PPARs dose-dependently, with $EC_{50}$ values ranging from 4.1-$12.7{\mu}M$. Compounds 4 and 5 exhibited $PPAR{\alpha}$, $PPAR{\gamma}$, and $PPAR{\beta}({\delta})$ transactivational activities in a dose-dependent manner, with $EC_{50}$ values of 16.0 and 17.0, 8.7 and 16.5, 26.2 and 26.3 ${\mu}M$, respectively.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2008

Algal fucoidan is a marine polysaccharide containing sulfur with a wide variety of biological activities including anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects. Although antioxidants can inhibit inflammatory signals through inhibiting activator protein-1 and/or nuclear factor-kappaB activation, it is obscure whether fucoidan directly scavenges oxy-radicals or indirectly regulates oxidant production and/or antioxidant defense system. The antioxidant activities of fucoidan against peroxyl radicals, peroxynitrites and hydroxyl radicals were determined by the total oxy-radical scavenging capacity (TOSC) assay. The specific TOSC values of fucoidan against peroxyl radicals, peroxynitrites or hydroxyl radicals were $282{\pm}60$, $43{\pm}1$ or $40{\pm}1\;TOSC/mg/mL$, respectively. These specific TOSC values against peroxyl radicals, peroxynitrites or hydroxyl radicals are 23, 12, or 13% of the specific TOSC values of glutathione, a positive control, respectively. These results suggest that fucoidan has direct oxy-radical scavenging capacity, which may be related with anti-inflammatory effect of fucoidan.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess and compare the diagnostic performance of panoramic and occlusal radiographs in detecting submandibular sialoliths. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 patients (20 cases and 20 controls) were included in this retrospective study. Cases were defined as subjects with a submandibular sialolith confirmed by computed tomography (CT), whereas controls did not have any submandibular calcifications. Three observers with different expertise levels assessed panoramic and occlusal radiographs of all subjects for the presence of sialoliths. Intraobserver and interobserver agreement were assessed using the kappa test. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values, and the diagnostic odds ratio of panoramic and occlusal radiographs in screening for submandibular sialoliths were calculated for each observer. Results: The sensitivity and specificity values for occlusal and panoramic radiographs all ranged from 80% to 100%. The lowest values of sensitivity and specificity observed among the observers were 82.6% and 80%, respectively (P=0.001). Intraobserver and interobserver agreement were higher for occlusal radiographs than for panoramic radiographs, although panoramic radiographs demonstrated a higher overall accuracy. Conclusion: Both panoramic and occlusal radiographic techniques displayed satisfactory diagnostic performance and should be considered before using a CT scan to detect submandibular sialoliths.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2627-2630
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• 2013

Background: Ovarian cancer continues to pose a major challenge to physicians and radiologists. It is the third most common gynecologic malignancy and estimated to be fifth leading cancer cause of death in women, constituting 23% of all gynecological malignancies. Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) appears to offer an excellent modality in diagnosing ovarian cancer based on combination of its availability, meticulous technique, efficacy and familiarity of radiologists and physicians. The aim of this study was to compute sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice MDCT in classifying ovarian masses; 95% confidence intervals were reported. Materials and Methods: We prospectively designed a cross-sectional analytical study to collect data from July 2010 to August 2011 from a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. A sample of 105 women aged between 15-80 years referred for 64-MDCT of abdomen and pelvis with clinical suspicion of malignant ovarian cancer, irrespective of stage of disease, were enrolled by non-probability purposive sampling. All patients who were already known cases of histologically proven ovarian carcinoma and having some contraindication to radiation or iodinated contrast media were excluded. Results: Our prospective study reports sensitivity, specificity; positive and negative predictive values with 95%CI and accuracy were computed. Kappa was calculated to report agreement among the two radiologists. For reader A, MDCT was found to have 92% (0.83, 0.97) sensitivity and 86.7% (0.68, 0.96) specificity, while PPV and NPV were 94.5% (0.86, 0.98) and 86.7% (0.63, 0.92), respectively. Accuracy reported by reader A was 90.5%. For reader B, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 94.6% (0.86, 0.98) 90% (0.72, 0.97) 96% (0.88, 0.99) and 87.1% (0.69, 0.95) respectively. Accuracy computed by reader B was 93.3%. Excellent agreement was found between the two radiologists with a significant kappa value of 0.887. Conclusion: Based on our study results, we conclude MDCT is a reliable imaging modality in diagnosis of ovarian masses accurately with insignificant interobserver variability.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2006

Objectives : In the psychiatry, structured interview is very important tool to be used in epidemiological or psychopharmacological studies. However, investigators often find that the administration of comprehensive diagnostic interviews is time-consuming and expensive to be used in clinical or research settings. Considering these points, Sheehan and his colleagues developed MINI (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview) to meet the need for a brief, reliable, and valid structured diagnostic interview for psychiatric disorders. The MINI has been translated into many languages and used in many countries. Therefore, we translated the MINI into Korean and determined its validity in this study. Methods : Twohundred seventy patients and normal subjects participated in the validation of the MINI versus an expert's professional opinion. Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, mood disorders including major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders including panic and other phobic disorders, and alcohol dependence were included in this study. The validity was obtained by examination whether MINI based diagnoses were compatible with diagnoses by expert psychiatrists. Results : The range of Kappa values was 0.22 (somatoform disorder) to 0.93 (bipolar disorder - past). Overall agreement between MINI and expert's diagnoses were good. The Kappa values for anxiety disorders seemed to be higher than those for other disorders. Conclusion : The MINI Korean version has the good validity. It also has potential applications as a diagnostic tool for psychiatric disorders.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2016

목적: 본 연구는 일련의 연구들을 통해 제안된 한국형 사전의료의향서(K-AD)에 대해 일반인 등에 대한 수용성과 문서 자체의 신뢰도를 평가하고자 수행되었다. 방법: 연구 대상자는 3개 지역으로부터 편의 추출한 20세 이상 성인 181명이었다. 이들 모두에게 K-AD를 작성하게 한 후 시각상사척도 상으로 복잡성, 난이도, 필요성, 만족도, 추천도의 5개 측면을 평가하도록 하였고, 이중 117명의 중년과 노인 집단을 대상으로는 2주 후 다시 K-AD를 작성토록 하여 검사-재검사를 통한 문서자체의 신뢰도를 검증하였다. 결과: K-AD에 대한 전반적 및 5개 측면에서의 수용도는 100점 만점에 70점 이상으로 '중상' 정도의 수용성을 보였다. 검사-재검사 결과 kappa값은 0.592~0.950로 일치도는 moderate 이상인 것으로 나타났다. 덧붙여 K-AD 작성 결과 우리나라 성인의 임종기 의료와 관련한 가치관으로는 고통 없이 편안하게 임종을 맞는 것이 가장 많이 보고되었고 가치관, 의료 지시, 대리인 지정 모두에서 젊은 성인, 중년, 노인 집단별로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 결론: 본 연구 결과 K-AD는 가용한 문서로 평가되었다. 따라서 앞으로 더 다양한 집단을 대상으로 K-AD를 검증할 필요성이 있고 본 문서의 정착과 확산을 위한 연구와 노력이 요구된다.

• 공업화학
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.1041-1047
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• 1997

$\omega$-Phenylalkylamine salt의 존재하에서 sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)의 임계 미셀농도(CMC)를 전기전도도법으로 구하였다. 유기염의 alky기의 길이가 길어짐에 따라 CMC는 감소하는 경향을 보여주었다. 유기첨가제의 존재하에서 $18^{\circ}C-50^{\circ}C$의 온도 범위에서 SDS의 미셀화 과정에 수반되는 열역학적 파라메터를 구하였다. 이 온도 범위에서 SDS의 미셀화 자유에너지 (${\Delta}G_m^{\circ}$)는 음의 값을 나타내며 미셀화 엔트로피(${\Delta}S_m^{\circ}$)는 큰 양의 값을 나타내었으며 미셀화 엔탈피(${\Delta}H_m^{\circ}$)는 낮은 온도($18^{\circ}C$)에서는 양의 값을 나타내지만 높은 온도($>25^{\circ}C$)에서는 음의 값을 나타내었다. 미셀화는 자발적인 상전이 현상임을 알 수 있었다. 이들 열역학적 파라메터들은 유기염의 소수성 부분의 길이가 길어짐에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보여주었다. 비전도도 값의 차(${\Delta}\kappa$)가 유기염의 mol 비가 증가할수록 큰 값을 나타내었다. 그러므로 유기염의 소수성 부분의 길이가 길어질수록 유기염들은 더 쉽게 SDS 미셀내의 palisade층까지 깊이 침투하여 안정한 혼합 미셀을 형성함을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.189-211
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• 2005

This paper makes an effort to compare the recently evolved soft classification method based on Linear Spectral Mixture Modeling (LSMM) with the traditional hard classification methods based on Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis (ISODATA) and Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) algorithms in order to achieve appropriate results for mapping, monitoring and preserving valuable coastal wetland ecosystems of southern India using Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) 1C/1D LISS-III and Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper image data. ISODATA and MLC methods were attempted on these satellite image data to produce maps of 5, 10, 15 and 20 wetland classes for each of three contrast coastal wetland sites, Pitchavaram, Vedaranniyam and Rameswaram. The accuracy of the derived classes was assessed with the simplest descriptive statistic technique called overall accuracy and a discrete multivariate technique called KAPPA accuracy. ISODATA classification resulted in maps with poor accuracy compared to MLC classification that produced maps with improved accuracy. However, there was a systematic decrease in overall accuracy and KAPPA accuracy, when more number of classes was derived from IRS-1C/1D and Landsat-5 TM imagery by ISODATA and MLC. There were two principal factors for the decreased classification accuracy, namely spectral overlapping/confusion and inadequate spatial resolution of the sensors. Compared to the former, the limited instantaneous field of view (IFOV) of these sensors caused occurrence of number of mixture pixels (mixels) in the image and its effect on the classification process was a major problem to deriving accurate wetland cover types, in spite of the increasing spatial resolution of new generation Earth Observation Sensors (EOS). In order to improve the classification accuracy, a soft classification method based on Linear Spectral Mixture Modeling (LSMM) was described to calculate the spectral mixture and classify IRS-1C/1D LISS-III and Landsat-5 TM Imagery. This method considered number of reflectance end-members that form the scene spectra, followed by the determination of their nature and finally the decomposition of the spectra into their endmembers. To evaluate the LSMM areal estimates, resulted fractional end-members were compared with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), ground truth data, as well as those estimates derived from the traditional hard classifier (MLC). The findings revealed that NDVI values and vegetation fractions were positively correlated ($r^2$= 0.96, 0.95 and 0.92 for Rameswaram, Vedaranniyam and Pitchavaram respectively) and NDVI and soil fraction values were negatively correlated ($r^2$ =0.53, 0.39 and 0.13), indicating the reliability of the sub-pixel classification. Comparing with ground truth data, the precision of LSMM for deriving moisture fraction was 92% and 96% for soil fraction. The LSMM in general would seem well suited to locating small wetland habitats which occurred as sub-pixel inclusions, and to representing continuous gradations between different habitat types.