• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.210-218
• /
• 2011

The structure of kapok fiber was characterized using FTIR and $^{13}C$-NMR spectrometers, elemental analyzer, x-ray diffractometer, SEM and IMT I-Solution ver 7.5. The kapok has a hollow tube shape and is composed of cellulose I with crystallinity of 47.95%. To develop novel oil-sorbent materials necessary to avoid the environmental pollution by spilled oil, the oil absorption capacity of various fibers such as kapok, polypropylene(PP), acryl, bamboo, cotton, rayon and wool fibers is compared in this study. The kapok fiber had the highest oil absorption capacity among the fibers and its water absorption capacity was the least. The kapok fiber selectively absorbed significant amounts of oils (43g/g of fiber for kerosene, 65g/g of fiber for soybean oil), which might be due to higher hydrophobicity of the kapok fiber, suggesting that kapok fiber may have high potential as excellent oil-absorbent materials.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.230-236
• /
• 2014

The kapok fibers which are the functional fiber materials having natural hollows are environment friendly materials the demand and interest of which are increasing. The kapok fibers are environment friendly and natural hollow fibers which are 5-8 times lighter than cottons and have excellent performances in thermo keeping property, air permeability, bulkiness and resilience. In this study, the pretreatment according to the dyeing behaviors of kapok fibers were studied. Pretreatment(scouring, bleaching) were a variety of conditions. Scouring and bleaching, images of changed surfaces and cross-sections and dyeing behaviors of the dye-o-meter according to the concentration measured in meters and compared. Although the final exhaustion ratio of the kapok fibers scoured with a high concentration recipe was almost as same as that of the kapok fibers bleached with a high concentration recipe, the initial absorption speed of the kapok fibers scoured with the high concentration recipe was faster than that of the kapok fibers bleached with the high concentration recipe.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.33-38
• /
• 1990

Fifteen Landrace pigs were used to determine the effects of supplemental copper or kapok meal, or both on the characteristics of the depot fat. The pigs were allocated into five groups of 3 pigs each. The animals were fed diets as follows: (1) control diet 100%; (2) control diet plus 20 mg/kg copper; (3) control diet plus 200 mg/kg copper; (4) control diet plus 3% kapok meal; (5) control diet plus 200 mg/kg copper and 3% kapok meal. In addition, 100 mg/kg iron and 100 mg/kg zinc were supplemented to all the diets. The pigs were slaughtered at the same time after 8 weeks of feeding period at an average weight of 98.6 kg. The supplementation of 20 or 200 mg/kg dietary copper did not affect the fatty acid compositions, the iodine numbers, the melting points or the copper contents of the inner and outer layers of backfat and the perirenal fat from pigs. Supplementation of kapok meal significantly elevated the melting point, the content of C18:0 and the ratio of C18:0/C18:1 of the porcine fats and decreased the content of C16:1. There was no interaction noted between copper and kapok meal on the porcine fat characteristics. These results indicate that the swine diet supplemented up to 200 mg/kg copper with zinc and iron can be used in growing-finishing swine diets without affecting either porcine fat characteristics or hardening effect of kapok meal on porcine fat.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.44-50
• /
• 2020

In this study, pre-treatment was performed on kapok, a hydrophobic fiber, to compare dyeability by hydrophilization. The pretreatment conditions of kapok fiber were used with different amounts of sodium oleate(NaO), a fatty acid-based anionic surfactant, and xanthan gum(XG) as a natural thickener. At this time, NaO and XG were separately or mixed treated with 0.01%, 0.1%, 1% aqueous solution at 80℃ for 30 min. Hydrophilicity through dyeing was confirmed using Sappan wood extract. Therefore, SEM observation was performed to investigate the surface change of kapok fiber according to the conditions. The surface color difference was also analyzed. Pretreated kapok fibers were made from nonwoven fabrics and the contact angles were measured to determine their hydrophilization. The surface of the fiber after pretreatment was found to be cracked when NaO and NaO were mixed with XG. The surface color was the highest in a^⁎ and K/S values after the simultaneous treatment of NaO and XG, followed by NaO pretreatment and XG pretreatment. The contact angle of kapok fiber made of nonwoven fabric was slightly lower at 300g/㎡ than the fabric weight of 150g/㎡. Such hydrophilized nonwoven kapok fiber are expected to be used in various fields.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.52-58
• /
• 2013

The effets of the pretreatments of tropical kapok fibers were evaluated in this study in terms of water sorption capacity and oil sorption capacity. The alkali treatments with NaOH resulted in the reduction of lignin, oil and hemicellulose, which were detected with FT-IR spectrum. The reduction of the lyphophilic components such as fat on kapok fiber by the ozone treatments were also measured with FT-IR spectrum. The oil sorption capacity of kapok fiber was decreased by the alkali treatments and the ozone treatments, while the water sorption capacity was increased. The liquid sorption capacity were greatly affected by the mechanical cutting of kapok fiber which exposed the big lumen of kapok fiber. The hydrophilic property of kapok fiber could be controlled by the pretreatments, which would increase the applicability of kapok fiber for preparation of various functional paper products.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제51권1호
• /
• pp.28-35
• /
• 2008

The physico-chemical properties of kapok fibers were altered via the combination processes of chlorite-periodate oxidation, in order to assess their efficacy as a heavy metal adsorbent. The chemically-oxidized kapok fibers were found to harbor a certain amount of polysaccharides, together with lowered lignin content. This alteration in lignin characteristics was clearly confirmed via FTIR and NBO yield. Moreover, chemically oxidized kapok fibers retained their hollow tube shape, although some changes were noted. The chemically oxidized kapok fibers evidenced elevated ability to adsorb heavy metal ions with the best fit for the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Three cycles of adsorption-desorption were conducted with in-between regeneration steps. Our experimental results indicated that chemically oxidized kapok fibers possessed excellent adsorption characteristics, and the modified kapok fibers could be completely regenerated with almost equimolar diluted sodium hydroxide. Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn ions evidenced adsorption rates of 93.55%, 91.83%, 89.75%, and 92.85% on the chemically oxidized kapok fibers. The regeneration efficiency showed 73.58% of Pb, 71.55% of Cu, 66.87% of Cd, and 75.00% of Zn for 3rd cycle with 0.0125N NaOH.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.393-401
• /
• 2018

Natural fibers derived from lignocellulosic materials are considered to be more environment-friendly than petroleum-based synthetic fibers. Several natural fibers, such as seedpod fibers, have a potential for development, including kapok and balsa fibers. The characteristics of both fibers were evaluated to determine their suitability for specific valuable applications. The purpose of this study was to analyze some important fundamental properties of kapok and balsa fibers, including their dimensions, morphology, chemical components, and wettability. The results showed that the average fiber lengths for kapok and balsa were 1.63 and 1.30 cm, respectively. Kapok and balsa fibers had thin cell walls and large lumens filled with air. The kapok fiber was composed of 38.09% ${\alpha}-cellulose$, 14.09% lignin, and 2.34% wax content, whereas the balsa fiber was composed 44.62% ${\alpha}-cellulose$, 16.60% lignin, and 2.29% wax content. The characteristics of kapok and balsa fibers were examined by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry analyses. The contact angle of the distilled water on kapok and balsa fibers was more than $90^{\circ}$, indicating that both fibers are hydrophobic with low wettability properties because of to the presence of wax on the fiber surface.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제45권5호
• /
• pp.30-36
• /
• 2013

Hydrophobic property of Kapok fiber was investigated by sequential removal of its components by different extraction methods. Acetone extraction for the removal of the hydrophobic extractives, holo-cel-lulose preparation after the removal of lignin and xylan extraction by potassium hydroxide was applied. The degree of hydrophobicity of each samples were measured by the water sorption ability. The water sorption ability of Kapok fiber was increased by the sequential treatment of acetone extraction, holocellulose preparation and xylan removal. Based on holocellulose compositional analysis by $^1H$-NMR spectroscopic method, the unusual high amount of the acetyl groups in the holocellulose of Kapok partially contributed to the hydrophobicity of Kapok holocellulose fiber.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.151-158
• /
• 2014

The oil sorption capacities and biodegradability of nonwoven fabrics(pads) of PP and PP/kapok(10/90wt%) blend prepared in this study and commercial pad(T2COM: 100% PP) were compared. The biodegradability(58.5%) of PP/kapok(10/90wt%) blend pad was about 5times higher than those(11%) of PP and T2COM pads after 45days. The oil sorption rates of oil sorbent pads for various oils(diesel, lubricant and Bunker C oils) were markedly increased with increasing dipping time up to about 5min and then levelled off. The oil sorption rate and oil sorption capacity were found to increase in the order of PP/kapok(10/90wt%) blend>PP>commercial(T2COM) and Bunker C>lubricant>diesel.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.316-325
• /
• 2012

페인트제조시설에서 다량 발생하는 VOC/HAPs은 물질별 독성, 발암성 등의 특징으로 미량으로도 인체에 유해할 뿐만 아니라, 하절기 오존 생성과 악취 민원의 원인물질로 작용하고 있어 이들 시설에 대한 배출특성과 제어방안에 대한 연구가 시급한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 부산지역에 소재한 페인트제조시설 4개소를 선정하여 VOC/HAPs 주 배출공정 및 주요 오염물질을 도출하고 적절한 제어방안을 제시 하였으며, 천연소재인 Kapok fiber의 흡착 시험을 통하여 상용 흡착제로서의 적용 가능성을 평가하였다. 연구결과, 발생되는 VOC/HAPs의 60% 이상이 방지시설로 유입되지 않고 공장내부로 자연 휘발되어 외기로 확산되는 것으로 조사되었고 주요 물질로는 Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene이 70% 이상의 분포를 나타내었다. 주요 악취 원인물질은 A, B, C사는 Toluene, D사는 m/p-Xylene으로 나타났으며, 악취방지시설인 활성탄 흡착시설의 평균 제거효율은 66.2%로 평가되었다. 이 결과를 토대로 오염물질의 외부확산을 최소화하기 위한 방안으로 중앙제어식 환기장치의 설치 등 다양한 제어방안과 함께 실제 운영시설의 규모를 고려한 흡착시설의 규격, 흡착제량, 교체주기 등을 산출 제시하여 현장에 적용 가능하도록 하였다. 도출된 원인물질을 표준시료로 활용하여 유통 활성탄과 천연소재인 Kapok fiber의 Toluene 흡착시험을 실시한 결과, 활성탄의 제거율은 대부분 99% 이상 우수한 것으로 나타났으나 Kapok fiber는 Space Velocity의 차이에 따라 91.9%, 66.7%의 제거효율을 나타내어 Kapok fiber의 흡착능은 미흡한 것으로 나타났으나, 저렴한 소재 가격, 친환경성 등을 감안한다면 기초 흡착제로서의 적용은 가능한 것으로 판단되었고 향후 상용화에 필요한 추가연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.