• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.771-782
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• 2016

For basic information collection for the ecological management of forest vegetation in Korean island areas, forest vegetation between inhabited(Daemodo) and uninhabited(Gudo) island was classified in the Z-M phytosociological method and their ecological characteristics in terms of both floristic composition and structure analyzed. Forest vegetation of Daemodo and Gudo were divided into a total of 11 units and 8 units, respectively. Total cover and species diversity index(H') of forest vegetation showed significant differences between the two island, Daemodo has a high value in the tree layer, but, Gudo has a high value in the shrub layer. Composition of Life forms, Daemodo was N-$R_5-D_2$-e and Gudo MM-$R_5-D_2$-e. Family importance value(FIV), Daemdo has a high value in Theaceae(12.2) and Pinaceae(12.0) and Gudo in Lauraceae(16.5) and Fagaceae (11.6). The percentage of the total number of species in the family level, Daemodo is Asteraceae(4.5%) was the highest and Gudo is Liliaceae(7.3%). Indicator species of forest vegetation of the two islands, Daemodo is Nanophanerophytes(N) including Smilax china, Ligustrum japonicum and Eurya japonica was significant inicator species and Gudo is Megaphanerophytes(MM) including Dendropanax morbiferus, Castanopsis sieboldii and Actinodaphne lancifolia.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.145-153
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• 1999

Authors report the changes of the community structure and secondary succession after fire in Mt. Samma (333 m). Approximately six ha of the red pine (Pinus densiflora) forest and its floor vegetation were burned and cutted down. The vegetation and soil properties were investigated in the burned and unburned sites from April to October, 1998. The dominant species based on SDR₃ in the burned site were Lespedeza cyrtobotrya (96.87), Quercus serrata (77.90), Cyperus amuricus (46.22) and Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens (38.33), whereas the dominant species in the unburned site were Pinus densiflora (100.00) and Q. variabilis (66.10) at the tree layer, Q. serrata (100.00) and Zanthoxylum schinifolium (29.64) at the shrub layer., and Q. serrata (76.30) and M. sinensis var. purpurascens (72.84) at the herb layer. The biological spectra based on SDR₃ were Th-D₁-R/sub 5/-e for the burned and H (M)-D₁-R/sub 5/-e type for the unburned site, respectively. The index of similarity (CCs) between the burned and unburned sites was 0.41. The degree of succession (DS) were 609 for the burned and 1168 for the unburned site, respectively. The species diversity (H) and evenness indices (e) of the burned site were lower than those of the unburned site, but the dominance indices (C) was higher in the burned site. In the analysis of soil properties, pH, the content of NO₃/sup -/-N, available phosphrous, and exchangeable cations (K/sup +/, Ca/sup 2+/, Na/sup +/, Mg/sup 2+/) in the burned site were higher than those in the unburned site, whereas the contents of organic matter, total carbon, total nitrogen and NH₄/sup +/-N were lower in the burned site. The results show that dominant species in the burned site change from Miscanthus-Lespedeza→Lespedeza→Quercus and finally to Quercus forest, and the changes of soil properties also affect the early vegetational succession after fire.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2017

This study was investigated in order to occurrence of weed flora in orchard (apple, grape, peach, pear etc.) fields and to the establishment of weed control basic data in these weeds. And this study was survey on 2015. As a result of the study on orchard weeds, there were total of 492 weeds including 63 families. Among all the weeds, 159 species were annual, 97 species were winter annual and 236 were perennial. Each fruit tree patterns of occurrence weeds, 306 species 50 families in apple orchard, 304 species 50 families in pear orchard, 286 species 50 families in grape orchard, and 288 species 48 families in peach orchard. Dominance was the highest with Digitaria ciliaris followed by Artemisia princeps, Stellaria aquatica, Commelina communis, Acalypha australis etc. in order. And exotics weeds occurred 127 species. Trifolium repens was the highest in importance analysis and the followings were in order of Conyza canadensis, Chenopodium album, Taraxacum offcinale, Rumex crispus etc. Changes in weed vegetation in orchard during 30 years, did not very many changed. In 1990, D. ciliaris, Persicaria hydropiper, Portulaca loeracea were dominant. In 2003, D. ciliaris was the most abundant species, followed by A. australis, A. princeps species. And in 2015, also D. ciliaris was the most dominant, followed by A. princeps, S. aquatica.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.339-344
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• 2011

Ulmus davidiana var. japonica Rehder (Urticales: Ulmaceae) (UD) is a tree widespread in northeast Asia. It is traditionally used for anticancer and anti-inflammatory therapy. The present study investigated the effect of an ethanol extract of UD on vascular tension and its underlying mechanism in rats. The dried root bark of UD was ground and extracted with 80% ethanol. The prepared UD extract was used in further analysis. The effect of UD on the cell viability, vasoreactivity and hemodynamics were investigated using propidium iodide staining in cultured cells, isometric tension recording and blood pressure analysis, respectively. Low dose of UD ($10{\sim}100{\mu}g/ml)$ did not affect endothelial cell viability, but high dose of UD reduced cell viability. UD induced vasorelaxation in the range of $0.1{\sim}10{\mu}g/ml$ with an $ED_{50}$ value of $2{\mu}g/ml$. UD-induced vasorelaxation was completely abolished by removal of the endothelium or by pre-treatment with L-NAME, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. UD inhibited calcium influx induced by phenylephrine and high $K^+$ and also completely abolished the effect of L-NAME. Intravenous injection of UD extracts (10~100 mg/kg) decreased arterial and ventricular pressure in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, UD extracts reduced the ventricular contractility (+dP/dt) in anesthetized rats. However, UD-induced hypotensive actions were minimized in L-NAME-treated rats. Taken together, out results showed that UD induced vasorelaxation and has antihypertensive properties, which may be due the activation of nitric oxide synthase in endothelium.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 1971

Ecological studies on the effect of an accidental fire on the composition of the post-fire vegetation in relation to the productivity system were made at the burned site on Mt. Samak located at Duckduwon-Ri, Sumyun, Chun Sung-Kun, Kangwon-Do, the same plots used in the previous study carried out in 1967. The result are summarized as follows. 1. In the productivity system, the standing crop measured was as follows; Carex Lanceolata var. Nana, Miscanthus purpurscens etc. were contained in the herbs and their individual number was larger than that of the woody plants. (Table 1). In the woody plants, Quercus Acutissima was the most abundant, showing larger number of tree than Quercus dentata. The S.D.R. value of the family Poaceae was the highest among the herbs and in the test plots, it was 4 times larger in number than in the controlled plots. (Table 3, Fig. 4, 5). 2. In the unburned sities, 5 dominant species were selected and by calculating their S.D.R., it was shown that woody plants, S.D.R. is 4.43 while it is 11.52 with herbs. (Table 4, Fig. 6). 3. When making comparisons with the standing crop on the higher around, it was found that the test plots had 522.45 gm more than the controlled and 1470. 53gm more than those on lower ground. These results were considered to indicate that high temperature caused by fire resulted in the increase of germination rate of seeds as it was seen in the previous study and it further stimulate the growth of the perennial plants. (Table 6, 7) 4. In the number of species, the standing crop was increased in the order of Genus Miscanthus and Genus Carex. and in the woody plants Genus Lespedeza was increased in the standing crop. 5. It was found that in the rest plots, total summed height was greater by about 6000cm than that in the controlled plots. 6. In conclusion, the forest fire gave a great loss to tall trees and woody plants burning them together with unmatured seeds. In the succession of the 2nd year it was considered that the growth of the perennial plants had been stimulated on the barned sites.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2015

This study was performed to investigate the adequate standard pot and number of plants per tree of raising seeding pot on the foxtail millet transplanting culture in the southern province. Due to the various application of wellbeing-health food recently, for upbringing of the foxtail millet, millet and sorghum in minor cereals, R & D and policy support is being promoted actively. The foxtail millet growing season is so short from 90 to 130 days, and it is large variations for a growth temperature. The main results are as follows. When it comes to foxtail millet transplantation, seedling quality of 406 holes, 200 holes and 162 holes of raising seeding pot type were not all significant, and field rooting percentage is accounted for all 94 to 95%. Yield of a foxtail millet was exposed in 406holes 305 kg/10a>162holes 303 kg> 200holes 302 kg order, and it was no significance between test processing. When it's the raising seeding transplanting culture, in case of pot culture, 406holes pot culture were reduced the bed soil cost 63%, pot 50%, working hours 18% for 200holes pot. Transplanting seedling quality per a foxtail millet transplanting culture method, dry weight was high inclination as transplanting number of plant is less, and field rooting percentage displayed more than all 95%. Yield appeared to 2 plants seedling transplanting 315kg/10a> 3 plants seedling transplanting 304kg>1 plant seedling transplanting 256kg order. The projected cost per the pot-sort on the raising seeding transplanting culture of foxtail millet, the seedling transplanting culture of 406holes was reduced 40% percentages compared to 200holes as 76,230won/10a. As a result, 406holes pot and 2plants seedling transplanting culture, labor-saving culture was possible.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 2011

This study was designed to investigate variation of pinitol content in different parts of seventeen legume species including silk tree (Albizia julibrissin). D-pinitol has been demonstrated to exert insulin-like and anti-inflammatory effects. These legumes were collected from Gyeongsangbuk-Do in Korea. Significant difference in pinitol content was observed among 17 different legume species. However, it was the highest in sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata). The highest pinitol content was observed in leaf followed by stem, pod shell, seed and root among plant parts. Legume plants which had higher pinitol content in leaves were chinese pea shrub, bastard indigo, wild cowpea and sericea lespedeza, having 59.9 mg/g, 62.2 mg/g, 69.6 mg/g and 65.4 mg/g, respectively. Stem of astragali radix showed the highest pinitol content among all leagumes, which was 34.0 mg/g. In case of root, kudzuvine showed the highest pinitol content followed by licorice and chinese pea shrub, which were 24.6 mg/g, 16.9 mg/g, and 16.5 mg/g, respectively. However, in the case of pod shell and seed, only lablab purpureus and sericea lespedeza showed the highest pinitol content 52.5 mg/g (for pod shell) and 24.9 mg/g (for seed), respectively. Concluding, the sericea lespedeza showed the highest total pinitol content of whole plant followed by chinese redbud, chinese pea shrub, bastard indigo and silk tree. Considering the pinitol content and harvesting yield, sericea lespedeza can be used as a practical medicinal herb.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.365-373
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• 2010

To monitor newly emerged influenza virus variants and to investigate the prevalence pattern, our laboratory performed isolation of the viruses from surveillance sentinel hospitals. In the present study, we analysed influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2, B viruses isolated in Busan during the 2006/07 and 2007/08 seasons by sequence analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA1 subunit) and neuraminidase (NA) genes. The isolates studied here were selected by the stratified random sample method from a total of 277 isolates, in which 15 were A/H1N1, 16 were A/H3N2 and 29 were B. Based on the phylogenetic tree, the HA1 gene showed that A/H1N1 isolates had a 96.7% to 97.7% homology with the A/Brisbane/59/2007, A/H3N2 isolates had a 98.4% to 99.7% homology with the A/Brisbane/10/2007, and B isolates had a 96.5% to 99.7% homology with the B/Florida/4/2006(Yamagata lineage), which are all the vaccine strains for the Northern Hemisphere in 2008~2009 season. In the case of the NA gene, A/H1N1 isolates had 97.8% to 98.5% homologies, A/H3N2 isolates had 98.9% to 99.4% homologies, and B isolates had 98.9% to 100% homologies with each vaccine strain in the 2008~2009 season, respectively. Characterization of the hemagglutinin gene revealed that amino acids at the receptor-binding site and N-linked glycosylation site were highly conserved. These results provide useful information for the control of influenza viruses in Busan and for a better understanding of vaccine strain selection.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.167-171
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• 2000

Objectives: To compare the outcomes of treatment with a focus on the effectiveness of the two primary techniques of radiation used for treating parotid gland malignancies. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 70 patients with parotid gland cancer treated between 1981-1997. Radiation was delivered through an ipsilateral field of high energy electron and photon in 37 patients(52.9%). Two wedge paired photon was used to treat in 33 patients(47.1%). The median dose was 60 Gy, typically delivered at 1.8-2.0Gy per fraction. The median follow-up times for surviving patients was 60 months. Results: The overall and disease free 5 year survival rates were 71.6% and 69.5%, respectively. Wedge paired photon and photon-electron treatment disease tree 5 year survival rates were 61.1% and 80.5%, respectively. Overall local failure rate was 18.6%. Local failure rate of wedge paired photon technique was higher than that of mixed beam technique. Late complication rate was 37.1%, but most of them were mild grade. Conclusion: Techniques of radiation were associated with local control. The technique of using an ipsilateral field encompassing the parotid bed and treated with high energy electrons often mixed photons was effective with minimal severe late toxicity. To irradiate deep sited tumors, we consider 3-D conformal treatment plan for well encompassing the target volume.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1974

The anthers of late uninucleate microspore or early binucleate microspore stage of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. (economic tree) were cultured on the modified Murashige and Skoog's medium suppliment with Keinetin, 2,4-D, and NAA for inducing haploid plants. The results are as follows; 1. Callus were induced from both anther locule and anther wall, where that from anther locule was identified as haploid. 2. Among 2,000 anthers cultured, fourteen haploid callus were developed. These haploid callus were clearly identified to be originated from the microspore in anther locule. 3. Diploid callus were induced only 0.5 percent from the callus of endothelium of anther wall, septium of two neighboring anther locule, parenchyma tissues of connectives and or anther locules. 4. In the anther locule of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. cultured in medium, swollen microspores, polynucleate microspores, multicellurar pollen grains, or callus mass was frequently observed. And the haploids were seemed to be caused by the callus originated from the reduced microspore.