• Atmosphere
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2011

We investigated characteristics of new particle formation and growth events observed at Gosan climate observatory using Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) measurements of particle number size distribution with 54 size ranges from 10 to 487 nm in October 2009. Four days (17~20 October) and five days (22~26 October) were classified into strong new particle formation and growth event ($N_S$) and weak particle formation and growth event ($N_W$), respectively. $N_S$ and $N_W$ divided by increase of aerosol number concentration in nucleation mode and continuity of growth from nucleation to Aitken mode. Particle growth rates of $N_S$ (5.34~$9.19nm\;h^{-1}$) were greater than that of $N_W$ (2.15~$3.53nm\;h^{-1}$). $N_S$ and $N_W$ were analyzed with synoptic pattern over East Asia, meteorological elements, and sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) measured at Gosan. We found that $N_S$ was characterized by a fast and northwesterly wind accompanied cold and dry airmass, but $N_W$ was affected airmass originated from South China and come through the Korea Peninsula. The events ($N_S$ and $N_W$) occurred at conditions of high solar flux ($&gt;700W\;m^{-2}$) and low relative humidity (< 60%). The $SO_2$ concentration on $N_S$ and $N_W$ was higher than that on case of non observed new particle formation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.769-779
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• 2002

This present study was carried out to find the effects of calcium aluminate cement($CaO\;{\cdot}\;Al_2O_3$, CAC), which has been developed with bio-compatibility and mechanical properties, in biological environments. Two different particle sizes of CAC - 3.5${\mu}m$ vs. 212${\sim}$250${\mu}m$ which is recommended in periodontal bone grafting procedures-were filled in 8mm calvarial defect in Sprague-Dawley rat. The specimens were examined histologically, especially the bone-cement interface and the response of surrounding tissues. The results are as follows; 1. In the control group, inflammatory cells were observed at 2 weeks. At 8 weeks, periosteum and dura mater were continuously joined together in the defect areas. But in the center of defect area were filled up with the loose connective tissues. 2. In the experimental group l($212{\mu}m{\sim}250{\mu}m$ particle), immature bone was formed and outermost layer was surrounded by osteoid layer at 2 weeks. Osteoblasts were arranged between immature bone and osteoid layer. And, osteoid layer was remained until 8 weeks after surgery. 3. In the experimental group 2, periosteum and dura mater lost its continuity at 2 weeks. Scattering of CAC particles and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed, which this findings deepened at 8 weeks. The result of this study shows that when calvarial defects in white rats are filled with calcium aluminate cement of 212${\sim}$250${\mu}m$, the materials are to be bio-compatible in growth and healing on surrounding tissues. When further researches are fulfilled, such as direct bone adhesion and bone regeneration ability, it's possible that CAC could be applied to various periodontology fields in the future.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.532-536
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• 2009

Bypass surgery is performed for insuring continuity of a blood supply that is restricted due to obstruction of the native blood supply. Two types of surgery are commonly carried out: one is anatomic bypass and the other is extraanatomic bypass. Especially, extraanatomic bypass surgery is performed in patients who are a high risk for performing anatomical bypass surgery. The risk factors for anatomical bypass surgery are old age, infection, previous surgery and trauma. A 96-year-old patient underwent extraanatomic bypass surgery from the right femoral artery to the left femoral artery due to total occlusion of the left iliac artery, and 7 years after that operation, a pseudoaneurysm abruptly and spontaneously appeared from the bypass suture site without any predisposing factor. The lesion was revealed to be an organizing thrombus.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.40 no.1 s.182
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• pp.67-85
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• 2007

We have performed the CSAMT survey to examine the geoelectrical structure and groundwater distribution for two survey lines across the south-eastern region of Jeju Island. Three kinds of 1-D inversion techniques were employed taking account of the geological situation around the observation sites, and their inversion results were concurrently compared and analyzed to improve the reliability of interpretation. The resultant inverted resistivity structures reveals the three-layered structure, which is composed of the layers with a high-low-lower resistivity from the surface downward. Through the comparison of the inverted resistivity model and core log of deep borehole nearby observation sites, the lithology of each inverted layer was inferred. The first layer and second layer corresponded to the basaltic layer with a thickness of $100{\sim}250m$, and the third layer to the Seoguipo Formation and the U Formation; the thickness of the Seoguipo Formation could not be estimated due to the limitation of investigation depth and little resistivity difference between both Formations. Nevertheless, the Seoguipo Formation, which is strongly associated with the groundwater system in the south-eastern region of Jeju Island, showed the conspicuous spatial continuity from the middle mountain area to coastal area.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2004

In the recent time, early correction of the congenital anomalies has become the focus of contemporary cleft lip care, The reason of that is mostly psychologic factor of children are respected, Although the propound object of lip adhesion is not esthetic improvement, that able to satisfy sufficiently parents of cleft children, In the unilateral or bilateral clefts, a preliminary lip adhesion has been advocated as a mean of narrowing the cleft at an early phase, of improving the nasal contour, of molding the alveolar arch, and of easing and improving the result of a definitive lip repair. The present study was earned out to investigate the effect of lip adhesion. We performed the Millard's high-half underminded adhesion and Seibert's lip adhesion followed by modified Millard's cheiloplasty for five infants had unilateral complete cleft lip. The lip adhesion reduced the actual deformity by molding the maxillary alveolar segments into better relationship and allows a easy cheiloplasty so that led to more perfect final lip result, Both Millard's high-half underminded adhesion and Seibert's lip adhesion were available methods to adhere a wide cleft lip, Especially, Seibert's lip adhesion had more advantages such as enhancement of the force of adhesion, correction of the deviated columella and acquirement of the esthetic upper lip continuity. These results suggest that the lip adhesion followed by cheiloplasty for wide unilateral complete cleft lip patients provide more favorable final result by molding the maxillary alveolar segments into better relationship.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.807-812
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• 2007

With the advent of Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems(ECDIS) and Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) as the principal navigation equipment of E-navigation strategy, mariners will begin to practice "e-navigation" and increasingly rely upon these systems to navigate safely and efficiently. However, these electronic systems require "e-inputs" in order to function. At present, the choices for e-input are limited, and they are installation dependent. This means that the mariner must be suitably equipped in order to use an alternative e-input. If the primary e-input is lost, and the vessel is not equipped to make use of suitable alternative e-inputs, then continued operations will have to be done the "old fashioned way" using conventional navigation The final objective is a recommendation of dual harbor positioning system on the most appropriate mix of positioning systems to satisfy the marine needs for radionavigation, positioning services.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.603-613
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• 2010

The Domi Basin in the South Sea of Korea is located between the Jeju Basin and Ulleung Basins, and is characterized by several sediment sags that are interested to have formed by crustal extension. This paper aims to derive an optimized seismic data processing procedure which helps stratigraphic interpretation of the Domi Basin. In particular, our data processing flow incorporated horizon velocity analysis (HVA) and surface-relative wave equation multiple rejection (SRWEMR) to improve the quality of stack section by enhancing the continuity of reflection events and suppressing peg-leg multiples respectively. As a result of processing procedures in this study, unconformities were recognized in the stack section that defines the early and middle Miocene, Eocene-Oligocene sequences. In addition, the overall quality of the stack section was increased as essential data to investigate the evolution of the basin. The suppression of multiple resulted in the identification of the Cretaceous basement. The data processing scheme evaluated through this study is expected to improve the standardization of processing sequences for seismic data from the Domi and adjacent Sora and north-Sora Basins.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.329-336
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• 2000

Life table experiments were performed in order to examine the effects of food quality on Moina macrocopa fed with four kinds of algal foods, Botryococcus sp., Scenedesmus subspicatus, Selenastrum capricornutum, and Chlorella sp., at $20^{\circ}C$ . The temperature effects on M. macrocopa were also assessed, feeding Chlorella at $17^{\circ}C$,$20^{\circ}C$,$25^{\circ}C$, and a combination of $28^{\circ}C$ (light) and $25^{\circ}C$ (dark). The cartilaginous Botryococcs cells were Inappropriate food for Moina. Among the foods tested, Chlorella was the food of the best quality in all accounts of life history traits. Moina grown on Chlorella showed higher net reproductive rate ($R_0$), longer mean and maximum longevities, earlier mean age at maturity, longer mean carapace length at maturity, larger mean clutch size, and shorter mean time interval between clutch productions than those grown on Selenastrum and Scenedesmus. An optimal temperature for Moina was $20^{\circ}C$ . When Moina were grown on Chlorella at $20^{\circ}C$, they showed the highest r, the highest $R_0$, the shortest T, the longest mean longevity, the earliest mean age at maturity, the longest mean carapace length at maturity, and the largest mean clutch size. The results of life table experiments showed that the individual and population growth patterns were much more affected by low temperature $17^{\circ}C$, than by high temperature ($\geq 20^{\circ}C$). In the optimal condition, the r value was very high, 5.1 in $d^{-1}$. In conclusion, the food quality and the temperature are the most important factors to govern the size and continuity of Moina population, by which the individual growth rates and reproductivity of members in the population can be controlled to survive in their environment such as small and temporary water bodies in nature.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.96-105
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the professional knowledge and perceptions of the early screening of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in practitioners who have contact with patients with ASD. Methods: A survey was carried out among 674 practitioners in total, where practitioners are defined as those who work at primary medical centers, public institutions, educational institutions and treatment institutions. The survey was carried out both online and offline, and it mainly focused on 1) knowledge about ASD symptoms, 2) knowledge about the early screening of ASD, 3) measures taken after ASD detection, 4) thoughts on the development of early screening tools for ASD, and 5) the current status of ASD treatment. The data collected were analyzed through descriptive statistics, analysis of frequency and cross tabulation analysis using SPSS WIN 22.0. Results: The results of this study suggest that the practitioners were not aware of the exact symptoms of ASD and their professional knowledge and the environment for early screening were insufficient. Furthermore, very few and inappropriate measures were taken after the detection of ASD. In addition, there was a high demand for early ASD screening tools to be used on site and, regarding treatment, the significance of the implementation of evidence based treatments as well as the continuity of relevant research came to the fore. Conclusion: It seems that there is a lack of knowledge and perception of the early screening of ASD and that education and training among practitioners is urgently required. This issue is discussed in more detail in the paper.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.17 no.1 s.85
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• pp.85-94
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• 2005

Post-tensioned Precast concrete System(PPS) consists of U-shaped precast wide beams and concrete column. The continuity of beam-column joint is provided with floor concrete cast on the PC shell beam and post-tensioning. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the response of PPS interior beam-column joint subjected to cyclic lateral loading. To this end, an experimental investigation was performed with three half-scale specimens of interior connection. The design parameters are the amount of beam reinforcement placed inside the joint core. The test results showed that cracks were distributed well without my significant degradation of strength and ductility. Also, it was found that the prestressing may affect to alter the torsional crack angle. And the specimens sufficiently resist up to limiting drift ratio of 0.035 in accordance with the provisional by ACl of acceptance criteria for concrete special moment frames.