• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7869-7873
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• 2014

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) as an antitumor and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as an inflammatory cytokine, are immunomodulatory products that play important roles in responses in cancers and inflammation. We tested the association between two polymorphisms of IL-12(1188A>C; rs3212227) and IL-6 (-174 C>G) and the risk of bladder cancer in 261 patients and 251 healthy individuals. We also investigated the possible association of these SNPs in patients with high-risk jobs and smoking habits with the incidence of bladder cancer. The genotype distributions of IL-6 (-174 C/G) genotype were similar between the cases and the control groups; however, among patients with smoking habits, the association between IL-6 gene polymorphism and incidence of bladder cancer was significant. After a control adjustment for age and sex, the following results were recorded: CC genotype (OR= 2.11, 95%CI=1.56-2.87, p=0.007), GC genotype (OR=2.18, 95%CI=1.16-4.12, p=0.014) and GC+CC (OR=2.6, 95%CI=1.43-4.47, p=0.011). A significant risk of bladder cancer was observed for the heterozygous genotype (AC) of IL-12 (OR=1.47, 95%CI=1.01-2.14, p=0.045) in all cases, and among smokers (AC) (OR=3.13, 95%CI=1.82-5.37, p=0.00014), combined AC+CC (OR=3.05, 95%CI=1.8-5.18, p=0.000015). Moreover among high risk job patients, there was more than a 3-fold increased risk of cancer in the carriers of IL-12 beta heterozygous (OR=3.7, 95%CI=2.04-6.57, p=0.000056) and combined AC+CC(OR=3.29, 95%CI=1.58-5.86, p=0.00002) genotypes as compared with the AA genotype with low-risk jobs. As a conclusion, this study suggests that IL-12(3'UTR A>C) and IL-6 (-174 C>G) genotypes are significantly associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer in the Iranian population with smoking habits and/or performing high-risk jobs.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.111-117
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• 2017

The mushroom species Cordyceps militaris has been studied and cultivated as a medicinal mushroom due to its multiple valuable biological and pharmaceutical activities. For breeding new strains of C. militaris, multiplex PCR assays were performed using primers specific for its mating type genes, MAT1-1 and MAT1-2. Mating types and mating status were confirmed, as evidenced by DNA bands at 233-bp and 191-bp for MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 respectively. The novel 'Dowonhongcho 2ho' was developed through mating; they were found to possess high-quality fruiting bodies when grown in artificial media. The stromata of the new strain were club-shaped, with a bright orange-red color, and measured 7.1 cm in length. They had an average cordycepin content of 0.33%. Compared to 'Dowonhongcho,' the new strain had a 7% higher yield, as well as firm fruiting bodies. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was $20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$, and the optimum temperature for stroma development was $18{\sim}22^{\circ}C$. The fruiting bodies developed after 49.1 days from inoculation. The use of mating type molecular markers improved the breeding efficiency of the new strain 'Dowonhongcho 2ho.' Thus, they may be valuable for artificial cultivation and industrial-scale production of C. militaris with excellent characteristics.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.743-751
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• 2014

This study aims to identify the effect of home physical therapy on patients who left the hospital after total knee arthroplasty, compared to the Daily living group, when it was applied to them, under the guidance of physical therapists. As research subjects, 20 patients that were scheduled to leave the hospital after unilateral total knee arthroplasty, were chosen, and they were randomly divided into a home physical therapy group(10 patients) and an Daily living group(10 patients) in order to conduct an experiment. During the 4-week research, home physical therapy was offered for 40 mins once for 5 days a week, and muscular strength, gait components were measured. For muscular strength, quadriceps muscle strength, hamstring muscle strength were measured, and as gait components, endurance, speed, step time, single-limb support were analysed. For this experiment, pre- and post-measurement were performed, and collected data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 18.0 statistical program. From the analysis of data, the following study results were obtained. Home physical therapy group and Daily living group both showed significant improvements in quadriceps muscle strength, hamstring muscle strength, and quadriceps muscle strength, hamstring muscle strength of home physical therapy group more significantly improved than Daily living group's. In relation to gait components, gait endurance, gait speed, step time significantly improved in both of home physical therapy group and Daily living group, whereas home physical therapy group only showed significant improvements in single-limp support. According to the comparison between two groups, gait speed, single-limp support and step time improved more significantly in the home physical therapy group than in the Daily living group. In conclusion, positive results were revealed in both home physical therapy group and Daily living group, with regard to muscular recovery of lower limbs of patients discharged from the hospital after total knee arthroplasty and walking, but considering the comparison results between two groups, it seems that applying home physical therapy is more effective than maintaining a daily life.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 2015

Cordyceps militaris is being studied and cultivated as a medicinal mushroom having many valuable biological and pharmaceutical activities. In the breeding of new C. militaris mushroom, single ascospores were isolated and examined their mycelial growth, mycelial density, and production of stroma and perithecia. Among them selected isolates were crossed and hybrids were produced showing high quality fruiting bodies on artificial media. Mycelial growth rate of new strain 'Dowonhongcho' was higher than that of better on 'Yedang 3' on SDAY at $10-25^{\circ}C$. The stromata of new strain were club-shaped and bright orange-red. Its height was 6.1 cm and the cordycepin content was 0.34% on average. The new strain showed 9% higher yield than 'Yedang 3' with producing firmer fruit bodies. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was $22{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ and the optimum temperature for stroma development was $18{\sim}22^{\circ}C$. Fruiting bodies were began to produce 45 days later after inoculation. This new cultivar may serve as a valuable one for artificial cultivation and industrial-scale production of C. militaris.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.409-420
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• 2018

This is a convergence study to investigate the factors affecting the psychological happiness of leisure sports participants(social baseball club) and to present a strategy for effective program development. The subjects of this study were 151 participants of social baseball clubs in J-do area and collected data by self-reported questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results of this study were the explanatory power was 54.1% with psychological happiness, quality of life, self-efficacy. As a result, it was confirmed that strengthening interpersonal relationship ability, positive reinforcement of self-efficacy, and quality of life were important for improvement of psychological happiness. and in the future, it is necessary to study repeatedly to confirm the influence of psychological through objective measurement.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.201-209
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• 2007

The fine structures and histochemical features on the integumentary system of the grass puffer, Takifugu niphobles were examined by means of the light and transmission electron microscopy. Integumentary surface of the grass puffer showed irregular folds in light microscope. The folds of the ventral region are more pronounced than those in the dorsal region. Integumentary system is composed of outer epidermal layer and inner dermal layer. The stratified epidermal layer consists of epithelia, mucous cells, club cells, granular cells and multivacuolar gland. Epithelial cells are classified into superficial, intermediated and basal cell, and free surface of superficial cell is covered with microridges. Glands of the epidermal layer are divided into unicellular and multicellular gland. Mucous cells of multicellular gland contains mucosal materials of neutral glycoprotein. Multivacuolar gland is composed of numerous vacuole cells of about $20{\mu}m$ in axial diameter. Vacuole cells contains a large central vacuole and are connected to another by many desmosomes. The mucous glands and multivacuolar glands are more abundant in ventral region than dorsal integument. The thickness of dermis is more three to five times than epidermis in ventral integument. The collagen fibers, fibrocytes, nerve cells, basal plate of spine and chromatophore are observed in the dermal layer of compact connective tissue.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.422-428
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• 2005

In vivo antifungal activity of 44 fungicides consisting of 3 clubroot fungicides, 7 Oomycetes fungicides, 7 botriticides, 7 blasticides, 9 sterol biosynthesis inhibitors, and 11 broad spectrum fungicides were investigated against Plamodiophora brassicae, the causal agent of clubroot disease in Chinese cabbage. When fluazinam, flusulfamide and cyazofamid, commercial fungicide to control clubroot of Chinese cabbage in Korea, were applied to infested soil, club formations by P. brassicae were strongly inhibited at pot (35 $cm^2$) per 0.63 mg. Ethaboxam and cymoxanil, Oomycetes fungicides, completely controlled Chinese cabbage clubroot at 5 mg/pot, but cymoxanil represented sever phytotoxicity. Besides, dichlofluanid and procymidone of botriticides effectively controlled the development of Chinese cabbage clubroot at 2.5 mg/pot. Chlorothalonil, quintozene and trichlamide, broad spectrum fungicides, showed disease-control efficacy of 85%, 100% and 100% at 2.5 mg/pot, respectively. Most of sterol biosynthesis inhibitors displayed the strong antifungal activity against P. brassicae on cabbage seedlings and plant growth -retarding activity. From these results, 7 fungicides were selected and further tested in vivo antifungal activity against P. brassicae in glasshouse. Among them, ethaboxam showed the most antifungal activity against P. brassicae on cabbage seedlings, followed by fenarimol, procymidone, nuarimol and chlorothalonil.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 2001

RAPD test and the observation of morphological, cultural characteristics of fourteen selected entomogenous fungi were conducted to investigate the analysis of their internal relationships. Paecilomyces tenuipes showed snow flower form attached to numerous white conidiophores, produced globular and semi-egg types on the club types of phialides. Cordyceps militaris formed globosely conidiophores, dark yellow fruiting body on pupa. The phialide as on Acremonium-type in global conidiophores. Beauveria bassiana covered with conidia was not formed fruiting body and adhered conidia on conidiophore of zigzag type. The PDA and SDAY medium were confirmed as an optimum growth of them. P. tenuipes showed to velvet and plane types in several media whereas C. militaris was belong to centrally raised and floccose in the morphological type. In contrast, B. bassiana covered with conidia on velvet shape. The size of amplified products were analyzed by RAPD using URP primer and were from 100 bp to 2.0 kb with $10{\sim}14$ geuomic DNA. Total similarities of two groups were by dendrogram of UPGMA analysis. The homology of P. tenuipes groups was 94.8 to 100%. It also showed 70.1 to 96.6% in C. militaris group and B. bassiana was higher similarity than any other. The internal change of C. militaris, produced telemorph fruiting body, was higher seperated in species than P. tenuipes and B. bassiana in the RAPD.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

The influence of calcium on the growth of creeping bentgrass 'Penn-Al', perennial ryegrass 'Palmer II', Kentuckuy bluegrass 'Nassou' and tall fescue 'Boonsai 2000' in greenhouse was investigated. Creeping bentgrass 'Penn-A1', Kentucky bluegrass 'Nassou' and tall fescue 'Boonsai 2000' at Ca 4.0 me/L, and perennial ryegrass 'Palmer II' at Ca 2.0 me/L showed the best shoot growth. Creeping bentgrass 'Penn-A1', perennial ryegrass 'Palmer II' and Kentucky bluegrass 'Nassou' at Ca 1.0 me/L, and tall fescue 'Boonsai 2000' at Ca 4.0 me/L showed the best root growth, and there was little or no difference between different Ca concentrations. Creeping bentgrass 'Penn-Al' and Kentucky bluegrass 'Nassou' at Ca 4.0 mea, and perennial ryegrass 'Palmer II' at Ca 1.0 me/L had the highest number of tillers, and tall fescue 'Boonsai 2000' at Ca 4.0 me/L had the highest, but there was no difference between different Ca concentrations. As application rate of Ca concentration became higher, the concent of Ca in plant tissue increased, while the content of Mg in plant tissue decreased, and the content of Fe in plant tissue increased to Ca 4.0 me/L. The Ca treatment had not effect on N, p, K, and Zn of tissue content. The wick pot applied will be to research of plant nutrition in future because utilization of wick pot has an excellent precision and convenience.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.54-61
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Actinomyces sp. and Bacillus sp., United States granular microorganisms and Japan granular microorganisms on turfgrass growth and thatch decomposing of creeping bentgrass in golf course by measuring turf color index, chlorophyll index, thatch content of soil, root length, turf density and chemical properties and thatch content of soil. Fertilizer treatment was designed as follows; control(CF; compound fertilizer), microorganism medium(M; CF+M), microorganism medium and livestock manure fertilizer(M-L; CF+M+LMF), microorganism medium, livestock manure fertilizer and amino acid liquid fertilizer(M-L-A; MM+LMF+ALF), United States granular microorganisms(USGM; CF+USGM), Japan granular microorganisms(CF+JGM). Soil properties investigated after experiment was scarcely affected by applied fertilizers in root zone of creeping bentgrass. The turf color index and chlorophyll index of M, M-L, M-L-A, USGM, JGM treatment were higher than those of CF. The turfgrass root in M-L treatment was longer than others. The thatch content of soil in M treatment was longer than others. The thatch content of M was decreased than that of CF by 6.8%. These was suggested that application of M induced the development of quality and growth of creeping bentgrass by assisting turfgrass growth and thatch decomposing.