• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.447-455
• /
• 2010

The objective of this study was to analyze the difference in kinematic variables for successful and unsuccessful golf putting strokes. The study population included 8 male secondary school golf players who had played golf for over 3 years and whose handicap was 4 or lower. A hole was made on a 5-m-long artificial flat mat for practice, and an environment similar to that of a real green was created. The participants' motions were analyzed through 3D image analysis, and the difference in kinematic variables for successful and unsuccessful putting strokes in the same direction was determined. Data analysis revealed the following findings: The time spent for a segment of putting was the greatest for the backswing segment for both successful and unsuccessful strokes. During address and impact, the both changed to a larger extent. For successful putting strokes, the change in the elbow angle during the downswing was greater for the right elbow than for the left elbow. For both successful and unsuccessful putting strokes, the left shoulder angle increased during the segment from address to the turning point and decreased during the segment from the turning point to impact. In contrast, the right shoulder angle significantly differed between successful and unsuccessful putting strokes only during address. During successful and unsuccessful motions, the swing was executed with the moving displacement of the X-axis of the club head maintained almost constant along a straight light without back and forth movement. In the backswing segment, moving displacement of the Y- and Z-axes was greater in successful strokes than in unsuccessful strokes; however, this difference was very small for the Y-axis. The velocity of the club head for successful and unsuccessful motions significantly differed during address and at the turning point. The highest velocity of the ball was greater for successful than for unsuccessful putting strokes.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.213-221
• /
• 2006

This study was designed to determine what sensor-based technologies might reliably and accurately predict irrigation scheduling needs of warm-season turfgrass. 'Floratam' St. Augustinegrass[Stenotaphrum secundatum(Walt.) Kuntze] and 'Sea Isle I' seashore paspalum(Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) were established in tubs in the Envirotron Turfgrass Research Laboratory in Gainesville, FL in the spring of 2002. Each grass was subjected to repeated dry-down cycles where irrigation was withheld. Sensor-based data were collected and these evaluations were used to determine if irrigation scheduling could be determined based on plant response during dry-down. Results indicated that reflectance indices($P{\le}0.001$) and soil moisture($P{\le}0.0001$) throughout the dry-down cycle can predict the need for irrigation scheduling as turf quality declined below acceptable levels.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.17 no.9
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2019

This study aims to identify good borrowers within the context of P2P lending. P2P lending is a growing platform that allows individuals to lend and borrow money from each other. Inherent in any loans is credit risk of borrowers and needs to be considered before any lending. Specifically in the context of P2P lending, traditional models fall short and thus this study aimed to rectify this as well as explore the problem of class imbalances seen within credit risk data sets. This study implemented an over-sampling technique known as Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE). To test our approach, we implemented five benchmarking classifiers such as support vector machines, logistic regression, k-nearest neighbor, random forest, and deep neural network. The data sample used was retrieved from the publicly available LendingClub dataset. The proposed SMOTE revealed significantly improved results in comparison with the benchmarking classifiers. These results should help actors engaged within P2P lending to make better informed decisions when selecting potential borrowers eliminating the higher risks present in P2P lending.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.197-206
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the putter head movement during the putting strokes. Highly skilled 5 golfers(less than 3 handicaps) and 5 novice golfers(having no golf experience) participated in this study. A target distance was 3 m. Movements of the putter head were recorded at 60 Hz with two video cameras. The results showed that the novice golfers moved the club significantly longer than the expert golfers(p<.0001). Accoring to a movement time, novice golfers moved their club significantly faster than the expert golfers(p<0.001). Novice golfers could not control the club head effectively, and could not hit the ball correctly. Based on the impact zone movement, sweet spot of novice golfers moved faster(along the line of putt), higher(along the vertical line), and wider(along the side to side line) than that of expert golfers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.19 no.10
• /
• pp.368-376
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship of flow experience on self-esteem and exercise adherence through intention in youth sports club so that youths can continue to exercise. A non-probabilistic sampling method was used as a convenience sampling method with 257 questionnaires being analyzed by frequency, factor analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis using the SPSS 21.0 version statistical program for Windows. The results of this study are as follows. First, cognitive flow showed a negative relationship with negative self-esteem, a positive relationship with positive self-esteem, and a positive relationship with tendency and possibility in interrelation. Behavioral flow showed a positive relationship with tendency, possibility, and reinforcement. Second, positive and negative self-esteem showed positive relationships with behavioral flow and did not show any relation. Third, reinforcement showed a positive relationship and tendency and possibility did not affect behavioral flow. It is possible to enhance self-esteem and improve physical fitness through continuous physical activities and to live a lively school life by understanding the immersion experiences of the adolescents' participation in sports clubs and by providing more appropriate physical activity information to adolescents.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.83-88
• /
• 2012

When perennial ryegrass was overseeded in bermudagrass fairway, shoot density of perennial ryegrass was gradually increased to $88,000/m^2$ at the end of May, however dramatically decreased to 0 in September over the rainy season. On the other hand, that of bermudagrass increased from $2,000/m^2$ in March to $20,000/m^2$ in early June, and then decreased to $4,000/m^2$ at the end of July, after the rainy season, rapidly increased to $50,000/m^2$ in early September. Overseeding bermudagrass fairway with perennial ryegrass was maintained a good quality from mid-April to mid-June and decreased the quality over the rainy season from late June to July, and then turf quality was decrease to the worst level at the end of July. After the rainy season fairway quality was improved gradually and was the highest-level during September and early October. Trifloxysulfuron-sodium was treated to minimize the deterioration in turf quality due to early bermudgrass transition time in spring. Consequently, transition was started in mid-May and shoot density of bermudagrass treated by trifloxysulfuron-sodium was $70,000/m^2$ in mid-June. Even in the rainy season it was sustained as $30,000/m^2$, approximately three times higher than that of untreated overseeding fairway.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.83-88
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the ball velocity changes depending on the different linear momentum of putter head. For this study, two different moving conditions(25cm free fall and 35cm free fall) of putter head were set. And two different types of ground conditions were used which are artificial grass green($180cm{\times}600cm{\times}1cm$) and glass green($40cm{\times}130cm{\times}1cm$). Movements of putter head and ball were recorded with 2 HD video cameras(60 Hz, 1/500s shutter speed). Small size control object($18.5cm{\times}18.5cm{\times}78.5cm$) was used in this study. Ball and putter head velocities were calculated by the First Central Difference Method(Hamill & Knutzen, 1995). Linear momentum of ball and putter head were calculated with mass and its velocities. Before impact, the velocity of the putter head of 35cm free fall was about 30% greater than that of the putter head of 25cm free fall. Linear momentum of putter head of 35cm free fall was about 0.355-0.364kg m/s and 25cm free fall was 0.251 kg m/s. After impact, putter head lost its linear momentum about 14-19% and adjusting time of putter head after impact would be 0.1 second. After 0.1 second, putter moved the route same as before impact. Maximum ball velocities were appeared 0.08s-0.10s after impact no matter what the ground conditions are. Ball velocities struck by 35cm free fall were 30 % faster than 25cm free fall. Linear momentum of ball struck by putter head was greater than that of expected amount because the moving ball has translational energy and rotational energy. Future study must treat three things. One is ball must struck by the different putters with different materials. Another is two-piece ball and three-piece ball should be used for the same condition studies. The other is height of center of rotation of club should be changed. In this study, the height of center of rotation of club head is 71cm from the ground. But recently many golfers used the long putter. Therefore next study should apply the different height of center of rotation of club head.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.104-110
• /
• 2009

This study tries to give improvement directions of the law of oil spill focusing on the view that satisfying remuneration for victims should be considered. And it looks through the existing remuneration system provided by P&I Club and IOPC Fund. It also covers with issues related to remuneration in order to find the best for victims. The major contents of this study are as follows. First, the present law of compensation security to Marine oil pollution accident should be revised. Maximum value of remuneration needs to be raised and subjects liable to pay reparation need to be expanded. Second, in case the damage is widely different comparing to similar cases in foreign countries, it's hard to get complete remuneration from international corporations responsible for reparation. That's the reason the national emergency system for oil pollution must be established. Third, this study says the law that certainly defines a liability subject and that the liability is not necessarily caused by fault should be enacted. Last, it suggest that victims should have their object income data to facilitate establishment of the law of compensation for damages from marine oil pollution. To calculate proper remuneration, government should consider to choose one of public organizations as an investigator to damages and should collect accurate statistics relating to fishery. Furthermore, compensation system which can provide rapid reparation to victims needs to established by founding professional maritime organization of arbitration.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.41-61
• /
• 1979

Two interview surveys (1976 for 800 patients, 1978 for 200 patients) and an inventory survey through medical records(1978) for epileptic patients who have registered with the Korean Epilepsy Association (Rose Club) since 1971 were carried out by trained health workers in advance of survey. The data obtained from the analysis showed as follows: 1) 35.2% of patients were born in Seoul and 70. 6% of patients born elsewhere have lived in Seoul. 2) 50-60% of patients were 15-30 years cid. 3) 33.4%, 24,6 and 24.6 of all pupils and students went to elementary, junior and senior high schools respectively. 4) 21.2% of all pupils and students had dropped out of school and 51.4% of them were away from school because of epilepsy. 5) 3.1% of all patients had no job at all and students comprised 20.9% of patients followed by clerical work, commercial business and farming with about 6% in each group.6) Reasons given for unemployment such as dismissal (4.3%), quit (27.7%), hesitation to employ (42.5%)and discontinuance of job (25.5%) were basically due to epilepsy. 7) About half(46.2%) of all patients have become Christian since the Rose Club was a voluntary agency which has been sponsored by Christians. 8) 82. 6% of patients were diagnosed as having grand mal as the most. 9) 29.4% of patients explained aura with psychomotor disturbances and 13.8% with sensory disorders. 10) 46.3% of patients were attacked with seizures when they were tired and others(11.6% and 4.9%) after excessive eating and hunger. 11) Patients suffered more seizures in spring and summer rather than in autumn and winter and most patients had attacks 1-5 times a month. 12) For etiologic reasons of epilepsy, 35.5% of patients considered it was caused by psychological stress and 11.5% by trauma. Only 1.1% of patients considered it as having hereditary components. 13) 51% of patients were slow in caring for their own illnesses. They started to reat epilepsy after spending 5 years of time from the initial seizure. Only 5.4% of patients had received the modern anti-epileptic therapy right after the nitial seizure. 14) 62.1% of patients had no therapy or irregular or incomplete treatment before registration at the Rose Club Clinic. 15) Before registration at the Rose Club, 42.4% of patients received medical care. On the other hand, 25.6% went to herb doctors and 12.5% used to go to the drugstore in order to get anti-epileptic drugs. 16) 41. 6% of patients who took anti-epileptic drugs had more or less side-effects. Indigestion was the most common. 17) For continuation of treatment, 30.3% have received treatment for more than 5 years and the evident showed that epilepsy took a longer time to be cured. 18) Regarding the medical care received 44.2% of patients were very satisfied with effective care and 26.5% felt as good. 19) For attitudes toward epilepsy. 27.0% of patients and 68.2% of patients family were pessimistic. 20) 65.9% of patients had optimistic attitudes toward effectiveness of medical care of epilepsy. 21) 64.8% of wives and husbands had better understanding and cooperative for their spouses who had epilepsy. 22) 33.3% of patients were under-treated at the place of work. 23) 70.2% of patients wished to marry when they reach childbearing age and 63% wished to have children. Through the above results it is recommended for nation-wide epilepsy control that the sound and correct health education not only from health aspect but also from welfare aspect should be planned and implemented as soon as possible.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.117-130
• /
• 2004

The purposes of this study were to find out highly market sharing young casual brands, to compare their trends of concept and competition, and to propose orientation of brand concept repositioning and marketing strategies on Department stores. Reference searching method and field searching method were used for this study. The results were as follows: 1. The brands which covered more than 50% market share included <96NY> . 2. Price range of these brands was from 130,000 to 220,000 won. The brands of upper-moderate price zone included <96NY> and they were very competitive each other. The brands of moderate price zone included and they were also very competitive between them. However, the brands of lower-moderate price zone had lower competition. This price zone might be a good point to launch new brands. 3. The main target-age of young casual zone was from 17 to 30 years. The most of brands focused on 21-25 years old, which were higher age targeted before. 4. The main concepts of these brands were 'luxury, girlish, sexy' and 'Sportism, lifestyle' were sub-concepts.