• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.805-813
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• 2006

The quality of frozen bread dough made with the milk proteins casein (C), whey (W), and the gums sodium alginate (A) and ${\kappa}$-carrageenan (K), was investigated to develop methods to suppress the deterioration of the frozen dough quality. The control had a lower dough volume than dough with additives during freeze-thaw cycles. In bread stored at $5^{\circ}C$, the moisture content of bread prepared with whey plus sodium alginate (WA) decreased less than that of the control. The control also had a lower specific loaf volume than breads made with added milk proteins and gums. The hardness of the control bread and bread made with casein plus sodium alginate (CA) and whey plus ${\kappa}$-carrageenan (WK) increased during freeze-thaw cycles, although that of the control increased more than the others. There was no significant difference in sensory preference among breads with and without milk proteins and gums. Addition of CA and WA improved the baking quality by reducing the deterioration of frozen dough and retarding the staling of bread.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.259-265
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• 2002

Piroxicam is one of the NSAID, which is used in the systemic and topical treatment of a variety of inflammatory conditions. Conventionally, for topical use, the drug is formulated in gel. We designed an phonophoretic drug delivery system to investigate the piroxicam permeability and the influence of ultrasound application (continuous mode, pulsed mode), frequency (1.0 MHz, 3.0 MHz) and intensity $(1.0\;w/cm^2,\;1.5\;w/cm^2,\;2.0\;w/cm^2)$ with 0.5% piroxicam gel. Per cutaneous absorption studies were performed in vitro models to determine the rate of drug absorption via the skin. Permeation study using hairless mouse skin was performed at $37^{\circ}C$ using buffered saline (pH 7.4, 10% propylene glycol solution) as the receptor solution. Anti-inflammatory activity was determined using carrageenan-induced foot edema model in rat. A pronounced effect of ultrasound on the skin absorption of the piroxicam was observed at all ultrasound energy level studied. Ultrasound was carried out for 10 hr. The highest permeation was observed at intensity of $2.0\;w/cm^2$, frequency of 1.0 MHz and continuous output. The inclusion of phonophoresis was found to improve significantly the skin permeation in vitro and the anti-inflammatory activity in vivo.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.137-143
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• 1999

Ketoprofen together with various permeation enhancers was incorporated into a novel soft hydrogel which is semi-solid in a container and to form a thin film within a few minutes after applying on the skin. The effect of various enhancers on the skin permeation of ketoprofen from a soft hydrogel was investigated using in vitro and in vivo method. In vitro rat skin permeation of ketoprofen from soft hydrogel was conducted using modified Keshary-Chien diffusion cells. In vivo ketoprofen absorption was also investigated in rats, and the results were compared with that of commercial products. Anti-inflammatory activities were determined using carrageenan-induced paw edema method and adjuvant-induced arthritis method in rats. The anti-inflammatory activity of ketoprofen soft hydrogel formulation with that of commercial products were compared. In vitro as well as in vivo studies showed that $HPE-101^{\circledR}$ was the most effective skin permeation enhancer among those used in this study. Addition of an adhesive (polyisobutylene) in the soft hydrogel decreased skin permeation of ketoprofen. Paw edema and anti-arthritis tests showed that soft hydrogel containing $HPE-101^{\circledR}$ was more effective than the commercial products, which was consistent with the in vivo absorption experiment results.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.1470-1476
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• 2001

Kou Woan Lao is an oriental-style dairy product, which is coagulated by milk-clotting enzyme from the culture filtrate of lao-chao. The product appears smooth, sweet, slightly wine flavour, and the flavour differs from yogurt. The aim of this study was to search for the optimum model to shorten the period of manufacture, and to improve the quality of Kou Woan Lao. A response surface design was used for studying the effects of addition of carrageenan, locust bean gum, and culture filtrate from lao-chao on the curd firmness, viscosity, and syneresis. Results indicated that the best rheological property, preservative quality and acceptability of Kou Woan Lao could be obtained by the combination of 0.22% carrageenan, 0.21 % locust bean gum and 12% culture filtrate from lao-chao. The curd firmness, viscosity and syneresis of resultant product were 29.3 g, 21,347.7 cps, and 8.92%, respectively and the microstructure of the curd revealed a relatively complete three-dimensional spider web-like structure.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.1316-1320
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• 2001

The objectives of this study were to investigate the quality characteristics of restructured pressed smoked duck steak from the breast meat of Cherry Valley ducks. Different levels of isolated soybean protein (ISP) (0, 15 and $30g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) or carrageenan (5, 10 and $15g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) were added to manufacture the restructured pressed smoked duck steak. The results were as follows: No significant differences were observed for moisture, crude fat, crude protein, cooking loss and water holding capacity of products from all treatments. The panel test scores showed that color, flavor and binding ability of products were considered acceptable. The drip loss in control sliced-products was significantly higher than products containing ISP or carrageenan (p<0.05) during storage at $-18^{\circ}C$ for 12 weeks. The pH value, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) value and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value of vacuum-packaged products did not change significantly during storage at $-18^{\circ}C$ for 6 weeks. However, TBA values increased with storage time. The viable bacterial counts were about $10^{3}-10^{4}CFU/g$ during storage at $-18^{\circ}C$ for 12 weeks. The products remained good quality during the storage period.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.536-543
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• 2023

Phytoceramide (Pcer) is found mainly in plants and yeast. It can be neuroprotective and immunostimulatory on various cell types. In this study, the therapeutic effect of Pcer was explored using the carrageenan/kaolin (C/K)-induced arthritis rat model and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Pcer treatment (1, 10, and 30 mg/kg/day) were given to the arthritic rats for 6 days after disease induction. Weight distribution ration (WDR), knee thickness, squeaking score, serum levels of proinflammatory mediators, and histological analysis were measured and performed to evaluate arthritic symptoms in the rat model. In interleukin (IL)-1β-stimulated FLS, proinflammatory mediators were measured after Pcer (1-30 µM) treatment. Arthritic symptoms in rats with Pcer treatment were significantly decreased at days 4 to 6 after C/K arthritis induction. Inflammation in the knee joints were also significantly decreased in rats with Pcer treatment. Furthermore, in IL-1β-stimulated FLS, the expressions of proinflammatory mediators were also inhibited by Pcer. As shown by the results, Pcer has anti-arthritic effects in the C/K rat model and in synovial cells, suggesting that Pcer has the potential to be a useful agent in arthritis treatment.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.262-268
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• 2007

유기산으로 분해된 카라기난 가수분해물의 각종 생리활성을 실험한 결과, citrate와 malate를 가수분해 매체로 이용할 경우, $100^{\circ}C,\;110^{\circ}C$ 및 $120^{\circ}C$ 가수분해물은 B. cereus와 B. subtilis에 강한 항균활성을 나타내었으며, $120^{\circ}C$에서 180분간 가수분해한 것이 B. subtilis에 대해 특별히 강한 항균활성을 나타내었다. 그러나 충치균인 St. mutans에 대한 항균활성은 없는 것으로 확인되었다. Tyrosinase 활성 저해 효과는 $100^{\circ}C$ 및 $120^{\circ}C$에서 처리된 시료 중에서 citrate와 malate 처리구가 97% 이상의 높은 tyrosinase 활성을 저해하는 것으로 확인되었다. Citrate로 $100^{\circ}C$에서 90분 처리된 시료의 경우 97.1%, 180분 처리된 것은 99.4%의 저해 활성을 나타내었고, $120^{\circ}C$에서 90분 처리된 시료의 경우 98.2%의 tyrosinase 활성을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, malate 처리구도 처리온도와 처리시간에 따라 약간의 차이는 있지만 전체적으로 citrate 처리구와 비슷한 결과로 $98{\sim}99.5%$의 높은 tyrosinase 활성 저해 효과를 나타내었다. 당질 농도에 따라 tyrosinase 활성 저해 효과가 다르게 나타났으며, 환원당 및 전당의 농도에 비례하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 항혈액응고활성은 유기산의 종류에 따라 차이를 나타내고 있는데, 0.3% malate 용액으로 $80^{\circ}C$에서 180분간 처리 시료의 경우 APTT가 $2,451{\pm}18(sec)$로 항혈액응고활성이 가장 높았으며, 동일한 조건에서 얻어진 0.3% citrate 가수분해물이 $1,617{\pm}15(sec)$였으며 lactate, succinate, acetate 가수분해물 순으로 높았다. 가수분해가 진행됨에 따라 분자량이 적어지고 결국은 황산기 함량도 낮아지게 됨으로써 항혈액응고활성이 낮아지는 것으로 여겨졌다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.231-240
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• 2018

Automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) equipment is a new innovative technique for 3D automatic breast scanning, but limited for the examination in the concave axillary region. The purpose of this study was to determine feasible candidate materials for the ultrasonic wave propagation media in ABUS, enabling the evaluation of the axillary region. Ultrasonography was performed using an ABUS system ($Invenia^{TM}ABUS$, GE, USA) on the ultrasound-specific phantom (UC-551M-0.5, ATS Laboratories, USA) covered by different candidate materials. The validity of feasible candidate materials was evaluated by image quality. Three independent radiological technologists, with more than 10 years of experience, visually assessed on the images. The inter-observer agreements according to the candidate materials were tested using Cronbach's alpha. Unenveloped solidified carrageenan can be a feasible material for the use of ABUS with excellent test reliability. Therefore, the coverage of the axillary region with carrageenan may be effective for ABUS which was originally developed for the convex anatomic structure as female breast.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.189-193
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• 2000

민간 약으로 사용되는 쇠비름의 물 추출물에 대하여 실험한 결과 간 효소 활성의 경우 $CCl_4$에 의하여 손상된 간에 대하여 간 질환 치료제인 silymarin 과 비교하여 s-GPT 치는 59.4%, s-GOT 치는 55.8% 의 개선효과가 있었으며, 이뇨활성의 경우는 최대일 때 이뇨제인 furosemide의 43.7%에 해당하는 이뇨 효과를 나타냈고, carrageenan에 의한 부종에 대하여는 항염제인 indomethacin의 61.8% 에 해당하는 부종억제 효과를 보여 쇠비름 전제(前劑)의 간질환 개선, 이뇨 및 항부종의 약용가치는 충분하다고 사료된다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.222-226
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• 2008

나노입자는 생체활성물질을 지능적으로 전달하는 다양한 응용분야를 위해 개발되고 응용되어왔다. 본 연구에서는 락토신과 메타크릴산-메틸메타크릴레이트 공중합체(eudragit L100)가 나노입자로 가공되었다. 이 eudragit 고분자는 락토신을 위산으로부터 보호해주고 장에서 용출되도록 할 수 있다. 아세톤과 pH 7의 버퍼용액을 각각 비용매, 용매로 사용하였을 경우, 가장 작은 입자크기인 290 nm를 얻을 수 있었다. 얻은 입자는 분산제인 carrageenan 존재하에 동결건조를 통해, 응집을 최소화하며 건조 분말로 전환시킬 수 있었다. 락토신과 eudragit을 이용하여 얻은 일차입자는 SEM 관찰을 통해 수십나노미터크기임을 확인할 수 있었다.