• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.228-236
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• 2020

Objective : It can be assumed that the progression of scoliosis in the juvenile period will increase the asymmetry in the rib cage, and thus will contribute to an increase in the breast asymmetry (BA) in the future. We are looking for answers to the questions; "How will the breasts look with respect to each other and what is the possibility of developing BA in the early follow-up period following the early surgical treatment and final fusion surgery of juvenile idiopathic scoliosis (JIS)?" For this reason, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the breast asymmetries of patients in the period after the final fusion. Methods : Following growing rod treatment, final fusion was achieved in 12 females with JIS. We used the anthropomorphic measurement of the modified BREAST-V formula to assess whether there was an asymmetry between the breasts after an average of 4.8 years (2-11) following final fusion. Results : In comparison, the mean volume of the left breast (222.4 mL [range, 104.1-330.2]) was larger than the mean volume of the right breast volume (214.5 mL [range, 95.2-326.7]) (p=0.034). The left breast was larger in 75% of the patients. BA was observed in 50% of the patients. No correlation was detected between the Cobb angle of the patient after final fusion and BA (p=0.688). Conclusion : In the late follow-up period, BA was detected in 50% of the patients with JIS who achieved final fusion after treatment with growing rod. In majority of the patients, left breast was larger. The patients with JIS and their families can be informed prior to the operation about the probability of BA seen in the follow-up period after fusion.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2013

An active stimulating device (ASD) consisting of a net panel or ropes fluttering in the turbulence inside the cod end was effective in driving fish near the cod end to reduce juvenile by-catch. The fluttering characteristics of the rope and net panel were examined by video observations and analyzed for fluttering amplitude and period in a water channel and in field experiments with a bottom trawl. The amplitude ratio of the fluttering ropes or nets in the tank test increased with the fluttering index as the diameter of the twine, mesh size, flexibility, and flow velocity changed, whereas the period decreased with the above factors. In bottom trawl experiments, the range of mean depth difference in the fluttering net panel was 12-17% of the length of the fluttering net, and the period of depth difference or three-dimensional (3D) tilt was revealed, with shorter ones ranging from 2 to 6 s. The amplitude as depth difference and period from field measurements were similar to those of nets in tank experiments and also to the period of 3D flow velocity inside the cod end. These results could be used to design an ASD that could be used for to the cod end of actual towed fishing gear to reduce juvenile by-catch.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.401-409
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• 2016

This research investigates into overall oral health status of adolescent girl inmates in a juvenile detention facility and ordinary school students in the same age range of 11 to 18 years old and compares the results focusing on the difference between the two groups. The last 5 years dental records for girl inmates in Juvenile detention facility and for students who have visited the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Ajou University Hospital was colleted and analyzed. The restorative treatments took up the greatest part in their history of treatments. While the percentage of extractions of permanent teeth due to dental caries had been gradually increased, in Juvenile detention facility students, throughout the transition period from middle school to high school, in dental hospital patients, the phenomenon of the same kind has hardly been detected. After that record analysis, oral examination for Juvenile detention facility students and dental hospital patients was conducted. DMFT index for dental hospital patients are 4.15, whereas, the value for Juvenile detention facility students are as twice as high to be 7.53.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.333-340
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• 2024

Background: Korean red ginseng (KRG) is a product from ginseng roots, which is enriched with ginsenosides and has been utilized for a long time as an adaptogen to alleviate various physiological or disease conditions. While KRG is generally considered safe, conducting a thorough toxicological assessment of the spray-dried powder G1899 during the juvenile period is essential to establish its safety profile. This study aimed to assess the safety of G1899 during the juvenile period using Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: Two studies were conducted separately: a juvenile toxicity study and a uterotrophic bioassay. To assess the potential toxicity at systemic, postnatal developmental, and reproductive levels, G1899 was orally gavaged once a day in post-weaning juvenile Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at 0, 1250, 2500, or 5000 mg/kg/day. Estrogenicity was assessed by orally gavaging G1899 in immature female SD rats at 0, 2500, or 5000 mg/kg/day on postnatal days (PND) 19-21, followed by a uterotrophic bioassay. These studies were conducted in accordance with the Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulations and regulatory test guidelines. Results: Regarding juvenile toxicity, no abnormalities related to the G1899 treatment were observed in any group during the experiment. Moreover, no uterotrophic responses were observed in the dosed female group. Based on these results, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of G1899 was determined to be at least 5000 mg/kg/day for general systemic function, developmental/reproductive function, and estrogenic activity. Conclusion: Our results suggest that G1899 is not toxic to juveniles at doses of up to 5000 mg/kg/day.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2001

Effects of temperature (10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 2$0^{\circ}C$) and salinity (22.0, 24.5, 27.0, 29.5, 32.0 and 34.5 ppt) were studied on incubation period, hatching success, survival and growth of alevin and juvenile seabass, L. japonicus. Embryonic development was accelerated with increasing temperature but it was not influenced by salinity. Hatching success was the highest at 14$^{\circ}C$ and 34.5 ppt. Higher temperature also accelerated the development of mouth opening, absorption of yolk and oil globules, and alevin growth. Survival of the 5-day old Juvenile was accelerated in the following order : 14<16<18<20<12$^{\circ}C$. Rearing experiment of the juvenile for 30-day indicated the faster growth at 13, 20 and 27 ppt than at 34 ppt.

• ALGAE
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.231-240
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• 2021

Saccharina sculpera is highly valued for human consumption and value-added products. However, natural resources of this kelp have decreased sharply and it is in danger of extinction. Resources recovery through cultivation is being trialed to enable the sustainable use of this species. In this study, the temperature range for survival and optimal growth of juvenile S. sculpera was identified and applied to field cultivation. This study investigated the survival and growth of juvenile S. sculpera under six temperatures (i.e., 5, 10, 15, 16, 18, and 20℃) and two light intensities (i.e., 20 and 40 µmol photons m^-2 s^-1) in an indoor culture experiment. In these experiments, the blade length decreased at 16℃ under the both light intensities. The thalli died at 20℃ and 20 µmol photons m^-2 s^-1, and at 18-20℃ and 40 µmol photons m^-2 s^-1. During the field cultivation, early growth of S. sculpera was highest at the 5 m depth and growth decreased as the water depth increased. When the initial rearing depth was maintained without adjustment throughout the cultivation period (from December to October), all the cultivated S. sculpera plants died during August and September. However, S. sculpera plants lowered from 5 to 15 m and grew to 90.8 ± 13.1 cm in July. The seawater temperature at 15 m depth was similar to the upper level of thermal tolerance demonstrated by juvenile S. sculpera in the indoor culture experiments (16℃ or lower). The plants were subsequently lowered to 25 m depth in August, which eventually led to their maturation in October. The present study confirmed that improved growth rates and a delay in biomass loss can be achieved by adjusting the depth at which the seaweeds are grown during the cultivation period. These results will contribute to the establishment of sustainable cultivation systems for S. sculpera.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.267-271
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• 2017

Diel changes in feeding activity of juvenile Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii were investigated throughout the analysis of stomach contents of 301 fishes collected from the southeastern coast of Korea. Fish samples were collected every 3 hour over a 24 h period in summer using small bottom trawl. The ratio of empty stomach, stomach fullness, stomach contents index (SCI) and stomach fullness index (IF) of juvenile C. pallasii were varied markedly with day/night changes. The ratio of empty stomach tended be higher during nighttime, while the other values were higher at daytime, with showing peak before sunset. During daytime, the stomach contents mainly were made up of copepods and euphausiids, while the diets at midnight were composed of nearly digested and unidentifiable items.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2017

This study was conducted to clarify the size of the home range and movement distance of juvenile black-faced spoonbills from post-fledging until fall migration using a Global Positioning System (GPS)-wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA)-based telemetry system along the west coast of South Korea. The home range of juvenile black-faced spoonbills (n = 3) was $45.2km^2$ in size and the core area consisted of $8.4km^2$ within the Baeksu mudflat, Yeonggwang, South Jeolla Province, South Korea. Mean weekly movement distances were not significantly different (Kruskal-Wallis test, Z = 3.47, P = 0.18) among individuals, ranging from 0.1 to 23.9 km during the study period. The home range and movement of juvenile black-faced spoonbills were related to intertidal areas, especially to their use as feeding areas.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.331-338
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• 1996

This study was conducted to screen the antagonistic plants on northern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne) and to utilize those in its control. Egg hatching of M. hapla was found to be inhibited by 17 plant methanol extracts, and 11 plant extracts among them were also toxic to M. hapla second stage juvenile. Egg hatching of iW. hapla was also found to be inhibited by squeezed extracts of Cassia tora and Zea mays, and they were also toxic to M. hapla second stage juvenile. Extracts of Achyranthes japonica, Melia axedrach and Acorus graminens were toxic to M. hapla second stage with a juvenile mortality above 70clc at the 10 folds diluted concent ration and A. graminens was toxic to tested juvenile mortality above 50% at the 100 folds diluted concentration. The toxicity was directly propotional to the diluted concentration of the plant extracts and to the exposure period. Punica granatum, Acorns graminens and Melia axedrach were effective in inhibiting root penetration of JW. hapla juveniles, among of them p. granatum is most effective Percent inhibition of penetration by second and third stage juveniles into tomato slants penetrating by it was 72.7 and 82.4%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.445-453
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• 2013

Walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma fisheries in Korean waters have changed dramatically during the last three decades: the highest catches occurred in 1981, followed by continuous decreases through the 1990s, ending with a complete collapse of the population in the 2000s. The major spawning ground of walleye pollock is located in North Korean waters, and some juveniles (called nogari in Korean, <300 mm) migrate to the south for feeding and growth. Since the 1960s, Korean fishermen have often caught juveniles, and the weight (metric tons) of juvenile catch was recorded from 1975-1997. However, because the walleye pollock were not aged, the population age structure was not delineated. We developed a model to estimate the number of walleye pollock of each size class based on catch statistics of adults and juveniles, the catch proportion of each size class, and length and weight information on specimens collected by Danish-seine and drift-gill-net fisheries. The model results demonstrated that the recruitment size of walleye pollock was consistently within the 200-250mm size class, and the highest number of this size class occurred in 1981, although values greatly fluctuated interannually. The number of juvenile pollock was 10.4 times higher than that of adult pollock during 1975-1997. The total yield of juvenile pollock was 0.95 million tons, which was equivalent to about 68.2% of total pollock production. The number of juvenile pollock caught during the same period, however, was 16 billion, comprising about 91.2% of the total number caught. Such high fishing pressure on juvenile pollock is considered one of the main factors causing the collapse of the pollock population.