• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.403-414
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• 2018

This paper suggests a different reading of James Joyce's "Araby" by offering the video game as a lens through which we can reimagine the story. Understanding the unnamed boy's journey to the Araby bazaar as a fetch quest, this paper focuses on the boy's failure to complete this quest. As soon as the boy promises Mangan's sister something from Araby, his fetch quest begins. In order to complete the quest, the boy must successfully perform three sub-quests: get money from his uncle as early as he can, get on the train for the Araby bazaar on time, and pass through the sixpenny entrance at the bazaar. However, because his uncle comes home late, the boy fails to get the money early, and that sets off the subsequent failures. The boy then takes the train late and arrives at the bazaar so late that he feels he must go through any entrance. So he walks through the adult entrance by mistake. As a result, he does not have enough money to buy a gift, failing the larger quest. But, regardless of this failure, the boy can try these quests as many as he wants until he finally succeeds in completing them. But no matter how the boy tries to accomplish these subquests, he is doomed to fail them because he cannot make his uncle come home early. The more he tries his quest, the more bitterly he realizes that he will ultimately fail. In this respect, the boy's "anguish and anger" should be understood as his epiphany: the re-playability of the game is possible, but all the replays lead to the same failure: losing the game. In this regard, reading Joyce's "Araby" is much like playing a video game.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.217-247
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• 2012

This essay attempts to read Melville's Moby-Dick as a prefiguration of American pragmatism, especially Jamesian version of it. Underlying this project is the assumption that the American Romance and James's pragmatism partake in the enduring tradition of American thoughts and imagination. Despite the commonality in their roots, the continuity between these two products of American culture has received few critical assessments. The American Romance has rarely been discussed in terms of American pragmatism in part because critics have tended to narrowly define the latter as a kind of relativistic philosophy equivalent to practical instrumentalism, political realism and romantic utilitarianism. Consequently, they have favored literary works in the realistic tradition for their textual analyses, while eschewing a more imaginative genre like the American Romance. My contention is that James's version of pragmatism is a future oriented pluralism which is unable to dispense with the power of imagination and the talent for seeing unforeseen possibilities inherent in nature and culture. James's pragmatism is in tune with the American Romance in that it savours the attractions of alternative possibilities created by the genre in which the imaginary world is imbued with the actual one. The pragmatic impulse in Moby-Dick finds its finest expression in the words and acts of Ishmael. Through this protean narrator, Melville renders the text of Moby-Dick symbolic, fragmentary and thereby pluralistic in its meaning. With his rhetoric of incompletion and by refraining from totalizing what he experiences, Ishmael shuns finality in truth and entices the reader to join his intellectual journey with a non-foundational notion of truth and meaning in view. Ishmael also envisages pragmatists' beliefs that experience is fluid in nature and the universe is in a constant state of becoming. Yet Ishmael as the narrator of Moby-Dick is more functional than foundational.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.511-530
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• 2008

In "A Good Man Is Hard to Find," Flannery O'Connor describes a striking journey of a family, in which all the members dramatically get killed. Through the tragic death of Bailey's family, O'Connor evokes the reader to think about life and the life after death. Growing up in the communities of Catholicism and Protestantism, O'Connor herself had agonized with the same question between the two types of Christian belief throughout her life. In the story, O'Connor embodies her anguish with the major characters and questions the reader about the meaning of Christian salvation. More specifically, Bailey's family represent the people who get lost in life. They live without any direction and purpose. Red Sammy and his wife, on the other hand, provide travellers with rest, food, and the necessaries. The Tower is a shelter of travellers in life; however, it is not everlasting but temporary. The Misfit, exemplifying religious stragglers, has been completely frustrated with the variance of Christian salvation theories, and no longer practices the religion but knows enough to justify his cruel behaviors. Finally, the grandmother is the manipulator and opportunist of the religion. All those characters are fragments of human characters and their life - obscene and transitory. In the story, there is little God's grace on the surface even though the writer claims "all my stories are about the action of grace." Nonetheless, the reader should be able to identify with those characters because they are the mirror images of themselves. While visualizing the characters, O'Connor wants the reader to have a moment to think about the "Righteousness," and ultimately to seek out God's grace that she essentially wishes to show the reader. Instead of showing God's grace directly, O'Connor ultimately leads the reader to consider about God and the grace as she/he reads the work.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.813-838
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• 2011

Toni Morrison's ninth novel A Mercy delves into the colonial American history of the seventeenth century when Europeans began to migrate to the New World and when the first slaves were brought to Virginia. Morrison presents a diverse group of people such as white Europeans, an American Indian, a free black man, indentured servants, and slaves from Africa in order to explore the subjects of ownership, freedom and racism. She emphasizes the fact that most of the Europeans who came to America in the early seventeenth century were the people who were thrown out from the society such as felons, prostitutes, servants and children. By portraying how these castaways tried to settle in a new environment surrounded by unknown dangers and challenges, Morrison demystifies and reconstructs the myth of the birth of America as a nation state. In continuation of Morrison's writings about love and the betrayal of love, her novel A Mercy explores the subjects of trauma, memory and subjectivity by choosing the topic of motherly love and its betrayal which she dealt with poignantly in Beloved. The female protagonist, Florens, is given away by her mother in partial payment of debt incurred by the owner of Florens's mother. The traumatic memory of Florens's separation from her mother shapes Florence's character. She has to revisit the site of the original traumatic experiences of being given up by her mother in order to reconstruct her fragmented memory and past. The recurring dream of the traumatic incident that takes hold of Florens can be explained by the trauma theory of Freud, Cathy Caruth, Suzette Henke, and Judith Herman. The paper explores the self journey of Florens in which she faces the traumatic past and comprehends its meaning which enables her to construct her subjectivity by understanding the true meaning of being free and of owning oneself. In particular, it demonstrates how the process of writing a confession, a story about one's history, enables one to reclaim the traumatic experience and to locate it in the narrative memory.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.943-974
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• 2012

This paper aims to suggest the compromising vision of nature and technology as the solution to get out of the globally accelerated technology environment in Don DeLillo's Cosmopolis. This novel intends to emphasize on the importance of physical environment as a precondition for the survival of human. Eric wants to be a posthuman with the cybernetic idea, pursuing to be the digital self in a vast biosphere that integrates both the nature and the technology. His obsessive worship of technology through his quest for the futurity results in the effacement of the humanity and the insulation from the nature. Cosmopolis is DeLillo's first 9/11 novel, which describes a young-billionaire asset manager Eric's one-day life in New York in April 2000. Eric can be the third Twin Tower as a symbol of global economic hegemony. By the allusion of the 9/11 catastrophic event, it can be said that Eric's fall is caused by his hubris and avarice as a global capitalist. Crossing the 47th Street toward the West in his limousine, his journey is revealed as the environmental reflections on his desires to attain the futurity and transcendence by technology. This novel cautions that the abuse of technology can bring out the obsolescence and erasure of the humanity and the nature. DeLillo suggests that the best hope for the evolutionary possibility of posthuman can be realized through the correlation with nature and technology. This future-oriented novel warns that the excessive technology should not lead to the disappearance of community and humanity, and the separation of self and nature. It admonishes that they should not follow pseudo-cosmopolitanism as the greedy world citizens, devoting on the velocity of newest technology. This novel recommends that humans should be the world citizen of global ecosystem, making the ameliorative environment through the correlation with self/environment and technology/nature, and gardening the restorative biosphere and the younger planet.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.35
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• pp.1-37
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• 2020

In this paper, we investigated the principle of appropriation by which mythology and literature were accepted in the unique religious context of The Canonical Scripture (Jeongyeong 典經). First, we knew that almost all of the gods that appeared in the discourse of Kang Jeungsan (姜甑山) were related to Eastern Yi (東夷) mythology and deeply rooted in folklore. This is because the cultural tendency and historic consciousness of Kang Jeungsan was influenced by Danhakpa (the Danhak School 丹學派). Secondly, when we investigated the acceptance of literature into The Canonical Scripture, we discovered that Tang Poetry (唐詩), Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguoyanyi 三國演義), and Journey to the West (Xiyouji 西遊記) were widely accepted in Kang Jeungsan's discourse. These works were used in diverse ways such as predictions, healing, and meditation. We knew that popular classical work like these were religiously appropriated in the context of The Canonical Scripture. Lastly, we investigated the mechanisms by which mythical and literary imagination was transformed into the Jeungsanist religious movements. Those mechanisms included the magical power of letter and images, sense-cognition of poetry, and the representational ability of mimesis. In conclusion, mythical and literary imagination helped Jeungsanist religious movements gain popularity and spread Kang Jeungsan's soteriology. This is especially true of how it transformed into unique religious techniques which functioned as key elements of the Reordering Works (公事).

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.39-47
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• 2014

This study was initiated by the fact that modern architecture caused the loss of placeness by seeing place with wrong interpretation and method and provided people with a phenonenon of separation between the depth of experience and honesty. As a solution for such problems, this study intended to suggest a direction through an analysis on the works of Geoffrey Bawa who was recognized as 'a genius of place' and the investigation on the place characteristics of his representative work 'Lunuganga'. Its process was as follows; First, this study explored the characteristics of the place, Sri Lanka, which was the background of his architectures, to see its impact on his life and architecture. Second, based on his representative works of each period and the contents that he mentioned in literature, the general characteristics appearing in his architectures were identified. Third, through an analysis on the work, Lunuganga, the place characteristics appearing in his architectures were investigated. Through such process, it could be recognized that Geoffrey Bawa's architectures reveal the place characteristics as nature, place characteristic as journey and stay, and place characteristic as sense. In this study, it could be verified that place was integrated and applied to Geoffrey Bawa's architectures through the above characteristics and the spaceness was manifested. Through this, this study intended to suggest an orientation for the above problems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.24
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• pp.177-192
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• 1995

The purpos대 f this research was to figure out clothing imagery underlying Shakepeare's King Lear and transfer it into actual stage costume. Three steps were taken in order to achieve the purpose . The first step exemined theoretical background of the Shakepeare's imagery. The second step reviewed a wide spectum of stage costume used in the last four centuries. The final step was to design and produced actual stage costume focusing on Lear, while considering clothing imagery drawn from the previous steps. King Lear contained rich clothing imagery which could contrast the relationship between material and spirit. In particular, it shed light on the contrast between Lear's divesting and Edgar's wearing and denoted that wearing and divesting processes were closely related to spiritual and status changes. A review of stage costume used for four centuries was prepared in order to understand how clothing imagery was applied in producing stage costume. It was found that their stage costume was reflecting clothing imagery captured from the analysis of king Lear. On the basis of this review, this research presented Lear's stage costume which applied clothing imagery drawn from King Lear. In producing stage costume , actual stage costume used Elizabethan fashion as its basic color and pattern. It also utilized modern clothing production techniques and ornaments acceptable in these days. As Lear was depicted as a character who underwent spiritual and status changes in the process of divesting , his costume was produced in line with this clothing imagery (i.e., divesting). The long journey of reviewing and analyzing King Lear from a stand point of clothing reassured us, on the one hand, the importance of stage costume. On the other hand, it established the groundwork for developing the methodology of fashion design by applying clothing imagery drawn from literature to design and production of stage costume.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.420-427
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• 2019

Introduction: To prevent and manage the societal and economic burden of occupational diseases (ODs), countries should develop strong prevention policies, health surveillance and registry systems. This study aims to contribute to the improvement of OD surveillance at national level as well as to identify priority actions in Turkey. Methods: The history and current status of occupational health studies were considered from the perspective of OD surveillance. Interpretative research was done through literature review on occupational health at national, regional and international level. Analyses were focused on countries' experiences in policy development and practice, roles and responsibilities of institutions, multidisciplinary and intersectoral collaboration. OD surveillance models of Turkey, Belgium and the Netherlands were examined through exchange visits. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to explore the peculiarities of legislative and institutional structures, the best and worst practices, and approach principles. Results: Some countries are more focused on exploring OD trends through effective and cost-efficient researches, with particular attention to new and emerging ODs. Other countries try to reach every single case of OD for compensation and rehabilitation. Each practice has advantages and shortcomings, but they are not mutually exclusive, and thus an effective combination is possible. Conclusion: Effective surveillance and registry approaches play a key role in the prevention of ODs. A well-designed system enables monitoring and assessment of OD prevalence and trends, and adoption of preventive measures while improving the effectiveness of redressing and compensation. A robust surveillance does not only provide protection of workers' health but also advances prevention of economic losses.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.367-373
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• 2017

The study aims to suggests mobile application service that helps to reduce physical and mental suffering after surgery for breast cancer patients constantly increasing. At first, I analyze literature research to understand the breast cancer and similar services for achieving study purposes. After I finally design a mobile application that offers to customed one-to-one specialist coaching service focused on post-treatment management by using a double diamond design process model. In detail, first, I analyze the current program and comprehend user needs through interviews with the person such as breast patient, protector, nurse, salesperson in cancer center. Second, I specify the entire scenario, concept and keyword based on the persona and the customer journey map representing user. Third, I propose the mobile application for the ultimate goal by producing prototype to effectively communicate with specific functional descriptions. I hope this service will improve the quality of their lives.