• Strategy21
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• s.37
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• pp.193-241
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• 2015

China, Japan and Korea are the world's top 10 energy consumers, and so very interested in the development of seabed hydrocarbon resources in order to meet their energy demands. The East China Sea is the tri-junction area where three countries' entitlements on the maritime boundaries are overlapped. There are abundant oil reserves in the East China Sea, and therefore competitions among countries are growing to get control of them. Although these countries have concluded the bilateral agreements to jointly develop resources in the East China Sea, they do not function as well. Because joint development and management of seabed petroleum resources can lead to stable development system, and to lower possibility of legal and political disputes, the needs for joint development agreement among three countries are urgent. Meanwhile, Northeast Asian seas are semi-closed seas, which are geographically closed and vulnerable to marine pollution. Moreover there are a lot of nuclear power plants in coastal area, and seabed petroleum resources are being developed. So it is likely to occur nuclear and oil spill accidents. Fukushima nuclear disaster and Bohai Bay oil spill accident in 2011 are the cases to exhibit the potential of major marine pollution accidents in this area. It is anticipated that the risks become higher because power plants and offshore oil platforms are extending gradually. Therefore, the ways to seek the joint marine environmental protection agreement focused on regulation of nuclear power plant and offshore oil platform have to be considered. In this paper, we try to find the way to make joint development and joint environmental protection agreement in Northeast Asian seas. We concentrate on the measure to drive joint development of seabed petroleum deposits in East China Sea's overlap area, despite of maritime delimitation and territorial disputes, and we try to drive joint marine environmental protection system to respond to marine pollution and accidents due to offshore oil platform and nuclear power plants. Through these consideration, we seek solutions to deal with lack of energy, disputes of maritime territorial and boundary delimitation, and marine pollution in Northeast Asia.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.247-257
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this descriptive study was to investigate the knowledge of radiation protection and the recognition and performance of radiation protection behaviors among perioperative nurses. This study was intended to yield basic data for the development of nursing interventions aimed at improving the nurses' radiation protection behaviors. Methods: One hundred and thirty-seven nurses working in the operating room participated in a survey from September 1 to 30, 2011. The data was analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation with the SPSS/WIN 19.0 program. Results: The average score of radiation protection knowledge was $7.57{\pm}3.45$ out of 16. The average score for the recognition and performance of radiation protection behaviors was $4.32{\pm}0.23$. The knowledge of radiation protection was significantly correlated with the recognition and performance of radiation protection behaviors. Conclusion: Expanding the knowledge of radiation protection could lead to the increase of the recognition and performance of radiation protection behaviors. Therefore, promoting the performance of radiation protection behaviors by improving perioperative nurses' knowledge of radiation protection through reinforcing radiation-related education hereafter could be an important part of nursing.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.278-288
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the influencing factors that affect the radiation protection behavior of nurses, by applying the educational diagnostic stage of the PRECEDE Model. Methods: Participants were 167 nurses working in interventional procedure rooms and operating rooms in general hospitals and university hospitals in Korea. Data were collected from August 30 to September 25, 2019, through self-reporting questionnaires and analyzed with t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis using the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program. Results: The influencing factor that affects nurses' radiation protection behavior was the radiation protection environment (β=.41, p<.001), accounting for 59.6% of the radiation protection behavior (F=17.34, p<.001). Conclusion: Administrative and financial efforts to create a safe organizational atmosphere and establish a safe radiation protection environment are needed. Moreover, it is necessary to develop guidelines for nursing work in radiology to improve radiation protection behavior and reduce nurses' radiation exposure.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.80-82
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• 2021

Dr. Haruyuki Ogino, a member of the Japan Health Physics Society (JHPS), was awarded the 2021 Bo Lindell Medal by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). To commemorate this, the "Joint JHPS-KARP-ARPS program for young radiation protection (RP) scientists to discuss the future of RP" was organized via a web meeting system. First, Dr. Ogino gave a lecture, and then young researchers selected from each academic society made presentations on the future of RP. After the presentations by the three researchers, a free talk was held-young researcher groups of each country being active is a great opportunity to collaborate and exchange information. It was emphasized that the low awareness of knowledge related to radiation has been common to all of the participating countries. Thus, it is necessary to utilize communication via web technology, as done for this program, effectively. One of the biggest advantages for Asia and Oceania is that we do not have a significant time difference. The round-table discussion was concluded by expressing the hope of active exchange and development of young researchers in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.2537-2543
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• 2014

Between tandem source-channel coding systems and joint source-channel coding systems, it has been known that there is a complexity threshold in complexity versus performance. In this paper, by expanding the previous analysis for equal error protection systems, we analyze and compare the performance under complexity constrains for tandem source-channel coding systems which employ unequal error protection. Under a given complexity constraint, the optimization is performed to minimize the end-to-end distortion of each representative tandem and joint source-channel coding system. The results show that the complexity threshold for unequal error protection systems becomes smaller and the performance enhancement of unequal error protection systems over equal error protection systems gets smaller as the system complexity gets larger.

• Journal of Advanced Research in Ocean Engineering
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.158-168
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• 2016

During the installation of crude oil or gas pipelines, which pass through onshore buried pipelines or onshore pipeline from subsea pipeline to onshore plant, countermeasures need to be implemented so as to ensure a sufficient design life by protecting the steel pipes against corrosion. This can be achieved through impressed current cathodic protection method for onshore pipelines and through galvanic sacrificial anode corrosion protection method for offshore pipelines. In particular, in the case of impressed current cathodic protection, isolation joint flanges should be used. However, this makes maintenance control difficult with its installation having a negative impact on price. Therefore, in this study, the most suitable methodology for onshore pipeline protection between galvanic sacrificial anode corrosion protection and impressed current cathodic protection method will be introduced. In oil and gas transportation facilities, the media can be carried to the end users via onshore buried and/or offshore pipeline. It is imperative for the field operators, pipeline engineers, and designers to be corrosion conscious as the pipelines would undergo material degradations due to corrosion. The mitigation can be achieved with the introduction of an impressed current cathodic protection method for onshore buried pipelines and a galvanic sacrificial anode corrosion protection method for offshore pipelines. In the case of impressed current cathodic protection, isolation joint flanges should be used to discontinuity. However, this makes maintenance control to be difficult when its installation has a negative impact on the price. In this study, the most suitable corrosion protection technique between galvanic sacrificial anode corrosion protection and impressed current cathodic protection is introduced for (economic life of) onshore buried pipeline.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.139-155
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• 2011

Objectives : To research trends of studies on treatments of knee osteoarthritis in Korean medicine. Methods : Domestic theses, published from 2000 to 2010, mentioning the treatments of knee osteoarthritis in Korean medicine were reviewed and analyzed. This study researched 79 theses and classified again according to the fields of the treatment. Results : The results were obtained as below ; 1. Studies on pharmacoacupuncture account for 41% of the total (32cases/79cases). The target of treatments had changed from pain alleviation and anti-inflammation to cartilage-protection since 2006. 2. Herbal Drug, Bee Venom, Cervi Cornu Parvum pharmacoacupuncture, Taping Therapy and Tai-Chi Exercise program were more effective than others. Moreover research on exercise program such as Tai-Chi has been increasing. 3. Some Herbal Drug (Glycyrrhizae Radix, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Achyrantis Radix, Paeoniae Radix, Eucommiae Cortex and so on) were mainly used to investigate the effect on cartilage protection, pain relief and anti-inflammation in laboratory test. 4. Acupuncture including individualized, local acupoints and constitution acupuncture were effective than others in pain alleviation and symptom relief. 5. Pharmacoacupuncture Bee Venom were effective in recovery of joint function and pain relief while Buthus martensii Karsch, Homnis Placenta and Cervi Cornu Parvum were effective in cartilage protection and recovery. 6. Moxibustion was efficient to reduce joint pain and partly increase ROM (range of motion) of knee joint, but was not efficient to recover the function of knee joint. Conclusions : These results indicate that research trends on knee osteoarthritis were changed from symptomatic treatment (pain alleviation and anti-inflammation) to conservative treatment (cartilage protection and recovery).

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.281-296
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• 2021

The beneficial effects of hypoxic preconditioning are abolished in the diabetes. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of repeated episodes of whole body hypoxic preconditioning (WBHP) in db/db mice. The protective effects of preconditioning were explored on diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction, cognitive impairment and ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced increase in myocardial injury. Sixteen-week old db/db (diabetic) and C57BL/6 (non-diabetic) mice were employed. There was a significant impairment in cognitive function (Morris Water Maze test), endothelial function (acetylcholine-induced relaxation in aortic rings) and a significant increase in IR-induced heart injury (Langendorff apparatus) in db/db mice. WBHP stimulus was given by exposing mice to four alternate cycles of low (8%) and normal air O₂ for 10 min each. A single episode of WBHP failed to produce protection; however, two and three episodes of WBHP significantly produced beneficial effects on the heart, brain and blood vessels. There was a significant increase in the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nitric oxide (NO) in response to 3 episodes of WBHP. Moreover, pretreatment with the BDNF receptor, TrkB antagonist (ANA-12) and NO synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) attenuated the protective effects imparted by three episodes of WBHP. These pharmacological agents abolished WBHP-induced restoration of p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β ratio and Nrf2 levels in IR-subjected hearts. It is concluded that repeated episodes of WHBP attenuate cognitive impairment, vascular dysfunction and enhancement in IR-induced myocardial injury in diabetic mice be due to increase in NO and BDNF levels that may eventually activate GSK-3β and Nrf2 signaling pathway to confer protection.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2011

This study is aimed at presenting the information on tailor-made clothes products which could positively relieve the psychological anxiety of the aged and enhance their living independence, and also at the development of clothes designs which could help them enjoy their healthy and activities. Based on the survey, the study conducted the research and analysis on the wearing practices, problems, and improvements for the clothes for the aged and found out their favorite clothes designs and colors. Based on the findings, the clothes models were recruited that reflect the physical features of silver-generation women and assist them with their joint protection. Moreover, the emphases were placed on the convenience of dressing or undressing, and the current fashion of development of clothes. The number of the clothes models developed were 11 for one pants suit, two skirt suits, one knit wear, one training wear, and one bolero.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2007

Virtual Reality(VR) data in VR environments like Manufacturing industries are often created jointly by many creators. It is then necessary to provide protection of the joint-creatorship and the creatorship of each participating creator. This paper proposes Multiple Digital Watermarking Framework(MDWF) to solve the problem of joint-creatorship. The proposed framework, MDWF, makes use of 3D private watermarking technology and a novel key sharing protocol for joint-creatorship verification. MDWF embeds 3D private multiple watermarks for the creatorship of each participating creators in a non-overlapping manner during the creation process. After key agreement of all private keys, MDWF embeds an additional 3D private watermark for the joint-creatorship. Therefore MDWF successfully handles the creatorship dispute among creators. That is, each participation creator can prove his/her partial creatorship as well as joint-creatorship by MDWF. In addition, MDWF can solve the collusion problems because shared secret key(SSK) can be made by every users.