• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.27-35
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• 2021

This study investigated the status of the wh-island constraint in Seoul Korean. The syntactic movement of a wh-phrase out of an embedded sentence so as to have wide scope at LF is known to be invalid as it violates the wh-island constraint, but there have been studies in which such a movement was possible when the sentence is read with a wh-intonation. We conducted perceptual tests in which subjects were asked to select an answer after listening to each of the four types of interrogative sentences. Three of them were with 'Nugu-leul', which is an accusative form of the wh-phrase 'who' as well as an indefinite form. The fourth sentence contained the name of a person. 'Nugu-leul' and the noun were positioned in the same embedded sentence to see whether the subjects accepted a matrix scope interpretation of the wh-phrases. Response time was transformed to normalized log response time and checked to find any differences in the time taken to select the answers depending on different types of interrogative sentences. The results showed the subjects had a definite preference for the matrix scope interpretation for the sentences with a wh-intonation. The response time required to select the matrix scope interpretation was longer than for any other type of interrogative sentence. We concluded that the wh-island constraint in Seoul Korean is weak.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1304-1310
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• 2015

In remote islands, due to expense of existing generation systems, installation of photovoltaic cells (PVs) and wind turbines has a chance of reducing generation costs. However, in island power systems, even short-term power fluctuations change the frequency of grids because of their small inertia constant. In order to compensate power fluctuations, the authors proposed the power consumption control of pumps which send water to tanks. The power control doesn’t affect water users’ convenience as long as tanks hold water. Based on experimental characteristics of a pump system, this paper shows methods to determine reference power consumption of the system with compensation for short-term PV fluctuations while satisfying water demand. One method uses a PI controller and the other method calculates reference power consumption from water flow reference. Simulations with a PV and a pump system are carried out to find optimum parameters and to compare the methods. Results show that both PI control method and water flow calculation method are useful for satisfying the water demand constraint. The water demand constraint has a little impact to suppression of the short-term power fluctuation in this condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.33-43
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• 2021

A60 class bulkhead penetration piece is a fire resistance system installed on a bulkhead compartment to protect lives and to prevent flame diffusion in a fire accident on a ship and offshore plant. This study focuses on the approximate optimization of the fire resistance design of the A60 class bulkhead penetration piece using a multi-island genetic algorithm. Transient heat transfer analysis was performed to evaluate the fire resistance design of the A60 class bulkhead penetration piece. For approximate optimization, the bulkhead penetration piece length, diameter, material type, and insulation density were considered discrete design variables; moreover, temperature, cost, and productivity were considered constraint functions. The approximate optimum design problem based on the meta-model was formulated by determining the discrete design variables by minimizing the weight of the A60 class bulkhead penetration piece subject to the constraint functions. The meta-models used for the approximate optimization were the Kriging model, response surface method, and radial basis function-based neural network. The results from the approximate optimization were compared to the actual results of the analysis to determine approximate accuracy. We conclude that the radial basis function-based neural network among the meta-models used in the approximate optimization generates the most accurate optimum design results for the fire resistance design of the A60 class bulkhead penetration piece.

• Language and Information
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.197-227
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• 2010

This study reviews (i) the (dis)advantages of two major semantic theories of focus, i.e., the Alternative Semantics (AS) and the Structured Meaning Theory (SM), and (ii) the hybrid analysis consisting of these two theories proposed by Krifka (2006). After pointing out a problem of this hibrid analysis, this study attempts to show the third alternative, i.e., the theory of identificational predication for focus can solve this problem.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.38
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• pp.433-459
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• 2015

This paper aims at a better understanding of the concept of korean separable syntactic atom, of which inner parts is separable in syntax, and at examining whether or not this concept can apply to derivatives, functional complex constructions, idiomatic expressions in korean. I defined a syntactic atom as a minimum unit which is drawn directly from lexicon and then is applied to syntactic rules. And I insist that so-called 'lexical island constraint' has some problems and that the syntactic rules can be applied to inner parts of syntactic atom, if the syntactic rules is irrelevant to new syntactic atom formation. The greater part of derivatives is non-separable syntactic atoms. But the likes of '반짝거리다', '죄송스럽다', '칭얼대다' are the separable syntactic atoms. The degree of separability of them is different in the insertion of korean particles or negative adverbs and the omission of root of sytactic atom. The derivatives of 'X-적', of which roots is regular nominal roots, permit the syntactic link between roots and the syntactic combination of the root and its argument. These kinds of derivatives is separable syntactic atoms. Also the derivatives of 'bracket paradox' and 'X-답-' derivatives is separable syntactic atoms. All functional complex constructions are not separable syntactic atoms. According to the degree of grammaticalization, inner parts of some are separable, some is non-separable. Separable functional complex constructions only permit the switching of endings or Josas but not application of other syntactic rules. All idiomatic expressions which are composed of two or more syntactic atoms are separable syntactic atoms. Some of them have so strong separability to allow the insertion of syntactic atom, adverb or adnominal modification and the noun in idiomatic expression to become the head of the relative clause. And some idiomatic expressions which have weak separability only permit interrogative's substitution or form change in fraction of idiomatic expressions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.9-21
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• 2018

In South Korea, Jeju Island has a role as a test bed for electric vehicles (EVs). All conventional cars on the island are supposed to be replaced with EVs by 2030. Accordingly, how to effectively set up EV charging stations (EVCSs) that can charge EVs is an urgent research issue. In this paper, we present a case study on planning the locations of EVCS for Jeju Island, South Korea. The objective is to determine where EVCSs to be installed so as to balance the load of EVCSs while satisfying demands. For a public service with EVCSs by some government or non-profit organization, load balancing between EVCS locations may be one of major measures to evaluate or publicize the associated service network. Nevertheless, this measure has not been receiving much attention in the related literature. Thus, we consider the measure as a constraint and an objective in a mixed integer programming model. The model also considers the maximum allowed distance that drivers would detour to recharge their EV instead of using the shortest path to their destination. To solve the problem effectively, we develop a heuristic algorithm. With the proposed heuristic algorithm, a variety of numerical analysis is conducted to identify effects of the maximum allowed detour distance and the tightness of budget for installing EVCSs. From the analysis, we discuss the effects and draw practical implications.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.890-894
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• 2003

This paper discuss basic functional construction and plant layout of a ELV dismantling system that can maximize the reusability of tarts and the recoverability of materials by dismantling ELV rationally and efficiently. "Island" type was selected for the system configuration considering processing amount, economical efficiency, and effectiveness. The system is supported by the information system, and composed of dismantling stations and handling equipments. The layout of the stations was determined after simulation and optimization using commercial software package, Arena and OptQuest. The objective of the optimization was maximum profit while the system capacity is considered as constraint. The environmental load of ELV can be minimized when the composition and function of each station are embodied in detail and the system is interfaced with shredding operation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.50-58
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• 1996

The authors carried out a field experiment to confirm the effect of underwater sound on the luring of fish schools in a setnet in the coast of Cheju Island. The effects of the acoustic emission on the luring of fish schools were observed using a manufectured underwater speaker in the setnet, and pure sound, of which frequency was 600Hz and the source level was 126dB, was emitted on and off at 5 minutes intervals in the set net during the night of ,July 29 and ,July 31. So we had recorded behavior of fish schools by the telesounder with two channel and shape of the setnet by underwater video camera and analyzed them. When the flood and ebb currents were around the setnet, the nets rised to the surface of water and it happened occasionaly at the stand of tide. Therefore, it was in the state that fish schools feel constraint to enter into the setnet, and was required a new design of the setnet stand up to strong tidal current. As the pure sound, of which frequency was 600Hz was emitted for the luring of fish schools in a setnet, the catch ammounts of fish, the young horce mackereWI'rachllrlls japonicus), was increased 4~6 times than not emitted.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

This study investigated the response time and patterns of categorical perception of the wh-scope of an embedded clause with the non-bridge verb, "gung-geum hada 'wonder'," in the matrix verb phrase in Gyeongsang Korean. Using the same procedure as Yun (2022), 72 responses and response times for each stimulus were collected from 24 participants over the course of three trials. The stimuli were recorded readings of 40 speakers (20 male, 20 female). Context was provided to induce a matrix scope interpretation of the embedded wh-phrase in the target sentence. We sorted the 40 stimuli according to the number of matrix scope responses each received, and charted the response times for each stimulus. Although there was considerable overlap for the different types of wh-scope interpretations, there was a clear difference in categorical perception between the matrix and embedded scopes. The 24 participants also differed in their categorical perceptions. The results suggested that response time and wh-scope interpretation were not directly related and that two main weighted factors affected wh-scope interpretation: morpho-syntactic constraints and prosodic structural integrity. The weighting of each of these factors was inversely correlated and varied among subjects.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2014

The Jeju-Korea power system is a small-sized network with a system demand ranging from a autumn minimum of 350MW to a summer peak of 716MW. Because Jeju island is well exposed to north-east winds with high speed, applications to connect to Jeju power system are flooded. Considering physical/environmental constraints, Jeju Self-governing Province has also target for the wind power capacity of 1,350MW by 2020. It amounts to two or three times of Jeju average-demand power and wind power limit capacity announced by Korea Power Exchange (KPX) company. Wind farm connection agreements will be signed to maximize utilization of wind resource. In spite of submarine cable HVDC connected to Korea mainland, Jeju power system is independently operated by frequency and reserve control. This study reevaluates wind power limit based on the KPX criteria from 2016 to 2020. First of all wind power generation limit are affected by off-peak demand in Jeju power system. Also the possibility capacity rate of charging wind power output is evaluated by using energy storage system (ESS). As a result, in case of using 110MWh ESS, wind power limit increases 33~55MW(30~50% of ESS), wind power constraint energy decreases from 68,539MWh to 50,301MWh and wind farm capacity factor increases from 25.9 to 26.1% in 2020.