• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2004

Objectives : The purpose of this study is case report of stroke in childhood. The childhood cerebrovascular diseases are interesting than those seen in adulthood, because the etiology and prognosis of the disease in children are quite different from those of adults. Cerebrovascular diseases in children is more common than once recognized. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the epidemiology of childhood stroke. Methods : We experienced one case of ischemic stroke in childhood whose symptoms are similar to that of adults. There is no evidence of cerebrovascular malformation at MRI, MRA film. The cause of stroke is undetermined and just we can see the little infarction lesion on Lt. pons. We treated the patient with herb medicine, acupuncture-Tx, negative-Tx, moxa-Tx and physical treatment. Results : After the treatment of oriental medicine, the patient recovered from the stroke symptoms. Conclusion : we thought that the more follow-up is needed. So we repoert one case of cerebral infarction in children that recovered from stroke symptoms after the treatment of oriental medicine.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.265-273
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• 2004

KBPTS is the fortified prescription of Bang-pung-tong-sung-san (BPTS) by adding Spatholobi Clulis and Salviae Miltiorrzae Radix. BPTS prescription has been used in Qriental medicine for the treatments of vascular diseases including hypertension, stroke, and arteriosclerosis, and nervous system diseases. Yet, the overall mechanism underlying its activity at the cellular levels remains unknown. To investigate the protective role of KBPTS on brain functions, noxious stimulations were applied to neurons in vitro and in vivo. KBPTS pretreatment in cultured cortical neurons of albino ICR mice rescued death caused by AMPA, NMDA, and kainate as well as by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) and ferrous chloride (Fe/sup 2+/) treatments. Furthermore, KBPTS promoted animal's recovery from coma induced by a sublethal dose of KCN and improved survival by a lethal dose of KCN. To examine its physiological effects on the nervous system, we induced ischemia in the Sprague-Dawley rat's brain by middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Neurological examination showed that KBPTS reduced the time which is required for the animal after MCA occlusion to respond in terms of forelimb and hindlimb movement$. Histological examination revealed that KBPTS reduced ischemic area and edema rate and also protected neurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus from ischemic damage. Thus, the present data suggest that KBPTS may play an important role in protecting neuronal cells from external noxious stimulations.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.647-655
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• 1991

The efficacy of cold blood potassium cardioplegia during periods of ischemic arrest was assessed in 88 patients undergoing open heart surgical procedures at Chonnam National University Medical School from December, 1987 to January, 1989. The purpose of this study was to determine if the aortic cross clamping time[ACCT] over 120 minutes correlated with operative mortality, incidence of postoperative ventricular tachyarrhythmias, needs of postoperative inotropic support and serum enzyme levels. The patients were divided according to aortic cross clamping time[less than 120 minutes and 120 minutes or greater]. The results were as follows: 1. The operative mortality was 3.2% in ACCT<120min group and 7.7% in ACCT>120 min group. 2. The incidence of postoperative ventricular tachyarrhythmia was 1.6% in ACCT <120min group and 11.5% in ACCT>120min group[p<0.05]. 3. The incidence of postoperative inotropic support in congenital heart disease was 13.0Fo in ACCT<120min group and 45.0%o in ACCT>120min group[p<0.05]. The incidence in acquired heart disease was 26.0% in ACCT<120min group and 40.0% in ACCT> 120min group. 4. After cardiopulmonary bypass, serum GOT, LDH, CPK and CPK - MB were elevated prominently. Children showed higher value of the enzymes examined than adults did before and after cardiopulmonary bypass. In congenital heart diseases, postoperative serum GOT, LDH, CPK and CPK - MB levels of ACCT>120min group were significantly higher than those of ACCT<120min group. Postoperative serum GOT, LDH and CPK - MB levels of ACCT>=120min group were significantly higher than those of ACCT<120min group also in acquired heart diseases. The results suggest that the myocardial protective effect with cold blood potassium cardioplegic solutions was not sufficient when the aortic cross clamping time was over 120 minutes.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.422-430
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• 2009

Background : Stroke is the second leading cause of death in Korea, following cancer. Stroke consists of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, and ischemic stroke can be largely classified as atherothrombotic stroke or embolic stroke. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is an indicator of atherosclerosis used commonly as a screening test for abnormalities of the coronary artery. 24-hour ambulatory ECG is widely used to screen for underlying diseases that causes syncope, palpitation, arrhythmia, etc. Objectives : Since both carotid IMT and 24-hour ambulatory ECG are used to screen for cardiac problems, we endeavored to explore the correlation between carotid IMT and 24-hour ambulatory ECG of stroke patients. Methods : The records of ischemic stroke patients who were admitted to Kyunghee Medical Center Oriental Hospital ward from March 2006 to May 2009 were reviewed. 28 patients who had both carotid Doppler US and 24-hour ambulatory ECG test undertaken during their admission were analyzed. The relationship of abnormal ambulatory results and common carotid artery(CCA) IMT were statistically analyzed using Fisher's exact test and t-test. Results : The mean age of the abnormal ambulatory group was older than the normal group (74${\pm}$ 8.0 vs. 61${\pm}$12.1, p=0.0098). Although insignificant, the abnormal ambulatory group showed much thicker CCA-IMT than normal ambulatory group (2.l7${\pm}$ 1.16 vs. 1.51${\pm}$0.97. p=0.l389). Conclusion: No significant correlation was observed between abnormal ambulatory results and CCA-IMT. However, the difference in CCA-IMT between the two groups was too big to be ignored and further investigation with larger and better controlled trials are warranted.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2004

In our country, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Coronary heart diseases (CHD) are the leading causes of death. It is well known that CHD is multifactorial, involving environmental factors such as diet, level of exercise and cigarette smoking, and inherited factors. According to the statistical data in 2003, the cause of death with the highest mortality was including hypertension, ischemic heart disease and atherosclerosis, which accounted for $24.7\%$ of total mortality. In spite of, there have been few study reports on the change of biochemical markers and mechanisms concerned. The development of biochemical markers is required for an early diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases that are related with dietary habits of Korean people enjoying mixtures of traditional dietary style and westernized food-styles. Therefore, the most efficient cost-saving biochemical marker was established in this study, through analysis of biochemical markers related with dietary habits which are susceptibly being changed in association to cardiovascular diseases from the pre-disease phase, and through reanalysis and assessment of early diagnosis of and preventive effects of diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases by demographical character including sex, age, and socioeconomic level with use of biochemical markers that are identified and selected among the parameters in consideration of the effectiveness and appropriateness of early diagnosis of diseases. The appropriateness of biochemical markers was reviewed by professionals (medical, pharmaceutical area and food/ nutrition area) and CRP(C-Reactive Protein) and was identified to be possible in Korea. It is thought that these biochemical markers may be used as the basic data for early diagnosis and prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) which may be used for Korean people.

• BMB Reports
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• 제45권9호
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• pp.489-495
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• 2012

Ischemia is a blockage of blood supply due to an embolism or a hemorrhage in a blood vessel. When an organ cannot receive oxygenated blood and can therefore no longer replenish its blood supply due to ischemia, stresses, such as the disruption of blood glucose homeostasis, hypoglycemia and hypoxia, activate the AMPK complex. LKB1 and $CaMKK{\beta}$ are essential activators of the AMPK signaling pathway. AMPK triggers proangiogenic effects through the eNOS protein in tissues with ischemic conditions, where cells are vulnerable to apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis. The AMPK complex acts to restore blood glucose levels and ATP levels back to homeostasis. This review will discuss AMPK, as well as its key activators (LKB1 and $CaMKK{\beta}$), as a central energy regulator and evaluate the upstream and downstream regulating pathways of AMPK. We will also discuss how we can control this important enzyme in ischemic conditions to prevent harmful effects in patients with vascular damage.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.586-595
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• 2004

Kamidojuk-San (KDJS) is known to be effective for treating cardiovascular diseases such hypertension, and clinically applied for the treatment of cerebral palsy or stoke patients. Yet, the overall mechanisms underlying its activity at the cellular levels are not known. Using experimental animal system, we investigated whether KDJS has protective effects on cells in cardiovascular and nervous systems. KDJS was found to rescue death of cultured primary neurons induced by AMPA, NMDA and kainate as well as BSO and Fe/sup 2+/ treatments. Moreover, KDJS treatment promoted animal's recovery from coma induced by a lethal dose of KCN treatment, and improved survival in animals exposed to lethal dose of KCN. Neurological examinations further showed that KDJS reduced the time which is required for animals to respond in terms of forelimb and hindlimb movements. To examine its physiological effects on cardiovascular and nervous systems, we induced ischemic injury in hippocampal neurons and cerebral neurons by middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Histological examination revealed that KDJS significantly protected neurons from ischemic damage. Thus, the present data suggest that KDJS may play an important role in protecting cells of cardiovascular and nervous systems from external noxious stimulations.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2012

Objective : Angelica Gigas Nakai is a popular oriental medicine used for the treatment of vascular diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate neuroprotective effect of the water extract of Anelicae Gigantis Radix Palva (AG) in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO)-induced ischemic rats via the regulation of angiogenesis-related molecules. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally administrated with AG water extract at doses of 10, 25, 50 mg/kg body weight after tMCAO (90 min occlusion). reperfusion for 24 hr infarction volumes were measured by 2,3,5-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Brain tissues were observed neuronal cell injuries by nissl staining, and also brain-blood barrier (BBB) permeability change by evans blue. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and Tie-2 receptor protein in brain tissues was determined by western blot. Results : AG water extract significantly reduced infarction volume in ischemic brains of rats, degradation of neuronal cell, BBB permeability and expression of VEGF protein dose-dependently. Ang-1 protein was increased dose-dependantly, not significantly. Conclusion : This study suggests that AG water extract shows neuroprotective effect by preventing BBB breakdown, with regulating angiogenesis factor VEGF and Ang-1.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2000

Objectives : Talmyung-san(TMS) has been used for treatment of brain diseases in Chinese traditional medicine. However, little is known about the mechanism by which TMS rescues brain cells from ischemic damages. To elucidate the protective mechanisms of TMS, we execute experiments. Methods : The effects of TMS on ischemia/reperfusion-induced cytotoxicity and generation of nitric oxide(NO) are investigated in primary neonatal myocardial cells and A7rS, aortic smooth muscle cell line. Results : Ischemia/reperfusion itself induces severe myocardial cell death in vitro. However, treatment of the cells with TMS significantly reduces both ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial cell death and LDH release. In addition, pretreatment of TMS before reperfusion recovers the lose of beating rates alter ischemia/reperfusion. For a while, the water extract of TMS stimulates myocardial cells to produce NO in a dose dependent manner and it protects the damage of ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial cells. Furthermore, the protective effects of the water extract of TMS is mimicked by treatment of sodium nitroprusside, an exogenous NO donor. NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (NGMMA), a specific inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase(NOS), significantly blocks the protective effects of TMS on the cells after ischemia/reperfusion. In addition, on ischemia the water extract of TMS induce NO in A7r5 cell. Conclusions : Taken together, we suggest that the protective effects of TMS against ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial damages may be mediated by NO production of myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cell during ischemic condition.

• BMB Reports
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2022

Peptides are gaining substantial attention as therapeutics for human diseases. However, they have limitations such as low bioavailability and poor pharmacokinetics. Periostin, a matricellular protein, can stimulate the repair of ischemic tissues by promoting angiogenesis. We have previously reported that a novel angiogenic peptide (amino acids 142-151) is responsible for the pro-angiogenic activity of periostin. To improve the in vivo delivery efficiency of periostin peptide (PP), we used proteins self-assembled into a hollow cage-like structure as a drug delivery nanoplatform in the present study. The periostin peptide was genetically inserted into lumazine synthase (isolated from Aquifex aeolicus) consisting of 60 identical subunits with an icosahedral capsid architecture. The periostin peptide-bearing lumazine synthase protein cage nanoparticle with 60 periostin peptides multivalently displayed was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Next, we examined angiogenic activities of this periostin peptide-bearing lumazine synthase protein cage nanoparticle. AaLS-periostin peptide (AaLS-PP), but not AaLS, promoted migration, proliferation, and tube formation of human endothelial colony-forming cells in vitro. Intramuscular injection of PP and AaLS-PP increased blood perfusion and attenuated severe limb loss in the ischemic hindlimb. However, AaLS did not increase blood perfusion or alleviate tissue necrosis. Moreover, in vivo administration of AaLS-PP, but not AaLS, stimulated angiogenesis in the ischemic hindlimb. These results suggest that AaLS is a highly useful nanoplatform for delivering pro-angiogenic peptides such as PP.