• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2006

Many producers put sampling inspection policy into the way of their convenience. Examples of the convenience are irregular lot size and too small sample size. Because they don't use a standard sampling inspection policy, they can not guarantee the quality level of their products. In this study, we developed a user-centered design program which can calculate the AOQL of their products to their buyers in the case of irregular lot size and too small sample size. Also this program propose a linear inspection cost by Hald's model.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.223-232
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify the supply status and planning trend of North Korean housing through analysis on the North Korean architecture specialized media data. The flat composition is changing and the living room is becoming the center of the houses. Also, in the urban areas, the standard apartment type is four apartments in a row and the plan form is getting diversified into circle type, Y type, and irregular type. On the other hand, in the rural areas, two houses in a row and single house are typical and the change in planning scale and space structure are not substantial. Since the 2000s, design changes have been made to emphasize the third dimensional structure of buildings such as the elliptical houses and L-shaped houses. Furthermore, 8~10 households are located on one floor which leads to the tendency of the building enlargement. In terms of house size, a square concept was introduced to replace the initial 2~3 room concept and the basic module of the room planning the 3 room house based on $3m{\times}3m$. However, there seems to be no standard house size, and the house size may differ depending on the social classandregion. In the early 1980s, when there was focus on the apartment complex construction, the high-rise apartment buildings of 30~40 floors was planned. However, during the Pyongyang redevelopment project, apartments of more or less than 10 floors were built and row-houses of more or less than 4 floors were built. In terms of the complex scale, a lot of small complexes of around 300 households are emerging after 2010. The construction projects are mainly limited to specific regions such as Pyongyang and Samjiyeon, and also limited to specific classes such as the workers and soldiers initially and the scientists lately. In addition, living boundary composition and ancillary facilities for sufficient green area ratio securement and the people of North Korea are maintained consistently. In recent years, the specialized floor planning such as solar house and the house for the disabled people, framework houses for redevelopment business, and multi-storied house construction technology are also emerging.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2000

임의의 층에서 평면적에 큰 차이를 보이는 3차원 비정형 setback 구조물의 지진 거동 특성과 지진 거동 특성에 미치는 바닥 슬래브의 면내 변형 효과를 연구하였다. 비정형 setback 구조물의 전반적인 지진 거동 특성을 분석하기 위하여 베이스 부분의 평면적과 타워 부분의 평면적의 비(R/sub s/)와 단(setback) 발생 위치(L/sub s/)등을 매개 변수로 사용하였다. 48개의 비정형 setback 구조물들에 대한 해석 결과로부터 정형 구조물과 달리 setback 구조물의 경우에 단(setback) 발생 위치 근방에서 매우 급격한 층 전단력의 변화가 일어남을 알 수 있었다. 바닥슬래브의 면내 변형이 구조물의 지진 거동에 미치는 영향은 횡방향 저항 요소의 배치에 따라 크게 좌우되며 횡방향 저항 요소들간의 강성의 차이가 심하게 나타나는 전단벽-프레임 시스템의 경우에 더욱 두드러지게 나타남을 알 수 있다. 바닥슬래브의 면내 변형은 구조물이 받게 되는 밑면 전단력을 감소시키며 특히 L/sub s/=0.1인 프레임-전단벽 시스템에서 두드러진다. 또한 바닥슬래브의 면내 변형은 전단벽이 설치된 프레임에 대해서는 층 전단력의 감소 효과를 가져오고 전단벽이 설치되지 않은 프레임에 대해서는 층 전단력의 증가 현상을 가져온다. 또한 횡방향 강성의 차이로 발생한 베이스 부분과 타워 부분에서의 바닥슬래브의 면내 변형으로 인하여 모든 층의 층 변위가 크게 증가됨을 알 수 있다.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제12권2호통권17호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2006

In the original plant of Arisaematis Rhizomas, the features of external and internal shape of Arisaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ and A. amurense $_{MAXIM}$. are as follows. 1. In the external shape of original plant, Arisaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ has high stem, an oval-elliptic leaflet and a serrate leaf margin. But A. amurense $M_{AXIM}$ has a relatively low stem, an upside oval leaflet and no serrate leaf margin. 2. On the herbs character of original plant, Ansaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ is small in height and diameter, but A. amurense $M_{AXIM}$ is relatively large in height and diameter. 3. On the gathered herbs character of original plant, the section of Arisaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ is brightly white, easily spilt and strong scent. But the section of A. amurense $M_{AXIM}$ is thin yellowish brown, not easily spilt and weak scent. Also the grade of gathered herbs, both can be classified by diameter and external scent. 4. In the current herbs character, Korean and Sichuan Province products are irregullar shape and have no scent, Jilin Province products are regular shape. Also, Guangxi Province products are small size and concave in one side, Hebei Province products are irregular size and shape. 5. In internal shape of original plant, epidermal cell of Arisaema amurense var. serratum is very tight. With the except of micro difference in parenchyma cell of cortex, on the whole there are nearly no differences with A. amurense $M_{AXIM}$. Also, samely in the internal shape, according to collecting sites, epidermis exhibits a lot layer in curving state and secreting duct is developed and vascular bundle and exists between parenchyma cell of cortex. In the future, additional study is needed to distinguish herb and effect between same genus-degree of relatedness.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2004

Real time and robust algorithm to extract the features of watermelon was developed from the remotely transmitted image of the watermelon. Features of the watermelon at the cultivation site such as size and shape including position are crucial to the successful tole-robotic operation and development of the cultivation data base. Algorithm was developed based on the concept of task sharing between the computer and the operator utilizing man-computer interface. Task sharing was performed based on the functional characteristics of human and computer. Identifying watermelon from the image transmitted from the cultivation site is very difficult because of the variable light condition and the complex image contents such as soil, mulching vinyl, straws on the ground, irregular leaves and stems. Utilizing operator's teaching through the touch screen mounted on the image monitor, the complex time consuming image processing process and instability of processing results in the watermelon identification has been avoided. Color and brightness characteristics were analyzed from the image area specified by the operator's teaching. Watermelon segmentation was performed using the brightness and color distribution of the specified imae processing area. Modified general Hough transform was developed to extract the shape, major and minor axes, and the position, of the watermelon. It took less than 100 msec of the image processing time, and was a lot faster than conventional approach. The proposed method showed the robustness and practicability in identifying watermelon from the wireless transmitted color image of the cultivation site.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.125-143
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• 2007

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate health and life style of pediatric outpatients who visited the oriental hospital. Methods The study was composed of 363 students from elementary school, middle school and high school who visited the pediatrics department in $\bigcirc\;\bigcirc$ university oriental medicine hospital between 2005 and 2006. Results 1. The group wasconsisted with 56% of male and 44% of female student and for the age distribution, 7.4% were elementary school students, 55.6% were middle school students, and 36.9% were high school students. 2. Usually the eldest child tends to visit hosipital more than the younger ones. 3. More than a half of those students' parent had University education or beyond that. 4. There were more students who had below the level of the height-weight curve than in the higher level. 5. The average study hours of the students were 3.67 hours. An average sleep hours was 6.18 hours. An average exercise hour was 1.16 hours and an average time for watching TV was 1.71 hours. 6. Many students had hard time to concentrate on the studying for a long time. 7. For the question about the reason why they got the poor grade, they answered because of the lower concentration, and they didn't put much effort on the studying. The most they concern about was their grade. 8. Most of the students who visited the clinic said they did not feel refreshed when they woke up in the morning, and, many of them said that they don't feel okay. 9. More than an half of the students wear glasses. 10. More than an half of the students answered that they often catch a cold when the weather changes a lot. 11. A lot of them had some digestive problems. 12. As they getting older, they said they often feel back pain and shoulder pain. 13. Many students felt irritated and got mad easily. Many of them felt bored about their study and stressed out because of their tests and the university entrance exams. 14. Most of the female students answered that they have irregular period or cramps. 15. 21% of them usually skip breakfast. 16. Many students enjoyed snacks. Most of them enjoyed snacks after school. As they go into higher grade, they would like to eat at night especially cookies, bread and fruits. Conclusions Further studies with larger sample size of students will be neededfor accurate results, and it would be better if we can compare the conditions of the students before treatments and after those.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.213-232
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• 2003

Objectives : This study was designed to establish a characteristic discrimination of internal and external morphological standard of original plants and herbal states in Arisaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ and A. amurense $M_{AXIM}.$. Methods : In this studies, the external-internal morphological standards were determined by using stereoscope and butanol series. Results : 1. In the external shape of original plant, Arisaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ has high stem, an oval-elliptic leaflet and a serrate leaf margin. But A. amurense $M_{AXIM}$ has a relatively low stem, an upside oval leaflet and no serrate leaf margin. 2. On the herbs character of original plant, Arisaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ is small in height and diameter, but A. amurense $M_{AXIM}$ is relatively large in height and diameter. 3. On the gathered herbs character of original plant, the section of Arisaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ is brightly white, easily spilt and strong scent. But the section of A. amurense $M_{AXIM}$ is thin yellowish brown, not easily spilt and weak scent. Also the grade of gathered herbs, both can be classified by diameter and external scent. 4. In the current herbs character, Korean and Sichuan Province products are irregullar shape and have no scent, Jilin Province products are regular shape. Also, Guangxi Province products are small size and concave in one side, Hebei Province products are irregular size and shape. 5. In internal shape of original plant, epidermal cell of Arisaema amurense var. serratum is very tight. With the except of micro difference in parenchyma cell of cortex, on the whole there are nearly no differences with A. amurense $M_{AXIM}.$ Also, samely in the internal shape, according to collecting sites, epidermis exhibits a lot layer in curving state and secreting duct is developed and vascular bundle and exists between parenchyma cell of cortex. Conclusion : In the future, additional study is needed to distinguish herb and effect between same genus-degree of relatedness.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2015

본 시험은 잠종수출 및 잠종제조 능률향상 면에서 교잡종 F2 및 품종간 잡종의 이용을 검토하기 위하여 현재 장려품종으로 보급되고 있는 백옥잠과 금옥잠을 이용하여 교잡종(F1), 2대잡종(F2) 및 품종간 잡종의 실용형질의 생산성을 비교 검토하였다. 1. 전령 사육일수는 F2가 5령 및 전령 모두 길었다. 2. 2세대 잡종(F2)은 교잡종에 비해 화용비율은 2 ~ 13% 정도 낮았고, 1만두 수견량은 16 ~ 21% 낮았다. 3. 전견중에서 2세대 잡종(F2)은 교잡종에 비해 9 ~ 21% 낮았고, 견층중은 10 ~ 18% 낮았다. 4. 고치의 크기를 나타내는 1리터 개수는 2대 잡종은 교잡종에 비해 고치의 크기가 작고 고르지 못한 경향을 나타냈다. 5. 1나방 산란수는 교잡종보다 2대 잡종에서 백옥잠은 14%가 많은 655개, 금옥잠은 40%가 많은 625개 이었다. 6. 견사량, 1만두 생사량 등 사질조사 성적도 교잡종보다 2대 잡종에서 생산성이 많이 떨어지는 경향을 나타냈다. 2대 잡종 잠종 생산시에 유리한 점은 암수감별이나 발아조절이 필요가 없어 잠종생산 노력이나 비용을 많이 절감할 수 있으나, 산란수가 많아지는 외에는 실용형질에서 생산성이 크게 낮아져 2대 잡종 잠종으로 고치를 생산할 경우는 경제성 등을 고려하여 추후 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2001

본 연구의 목적은 새로이 생산된 국산 스테인레스 스틸호선의 특성을 평가하기 위하여, 현재까지 사용하고 있는 다른 스테인레스 스틸호선과 비교하여, 국산 스테인레스 스틸호선의 특성과 장단점을 분석하고 평가하여 임상적 사용시에 도움을 주고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위해 Unitek의 Standard, Resilient, Hi-T 3종류의 스테인레스 스틸호선과 Ormco 의 Stainless Steel, 진성기업의 Stainless Steel등 5종(0.016x0.022과 0.019x0.025)을 가지고 성분, 치수비교, 인장물성, 만곡피로도물성, 비틀림물성, 경도 및 표면등을 관찰하여 비교하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 인장물성을 보면, 최대강도는 0.016x0.025의 경우 Unitek Hi-T, Unitek Resilient, Jinsung Stainless Steel, Ormco Stainless Steel, Unitek Standard 순이고, 0.019x0.025의 경우 Unitek Hi-T, Jinsung, Ormco, Unitek Resilient, Unitek Standard 의 순이었다. 2. 연신율은 0.016x0.022의 경우는 Unitek Standard, Ormco Stainless Steel, Unitek Hi-T, Unitek Resilient, Jinsung Stainless Steel의 순이었고, 0.019x0.025의 경우는 Unitek Hi-T, Unitek Standard, Ormco Stainless Steel, Jinsung Stainless Steel, Unitek Resilient의 순이었다. 3. 탄성계수는 0.016x0.022의 경우 Jinsung Stainless Steel, Unitek Hi-T, Unitek Resilient, Ormco Stainless Steel, Unitek Standard의 순이었고, 0.019x0.025의 경우 Unitek Resilient, Jinsung Stainless Steel, Ormco Stainless Steel, Unitek Hi-T, Unitek Standard의 순이었다. 4. 만곡피로도실험은 0.016x0.022의 경우 Jinsung Stainless Steel이 8.4회로 구부림에 대한 가장 파절저항도가 컸으며, Unitek Hi-T, Unitek Standard, Unitek Resilient, Ormco Stainless Steel의 순이고 0.019x0.025의 경우는 Unitek Hi-T가 10.4회 견디고, Jinsung Stainless Steel, Unitek Resilient, Unitek Standard, Ormco Stainless Steel의 순이었다. 5. 비틀림실험은 0.016x0.022의 경우 Unitek Resilient가 가장 비틀림에 대한 저항이 큰데, 64.8회의 회전후 파절한다. 그 다음으로 Jinsung Stainless Steel, Unitek Hi-T, Ormco Stainless Steel, Unitek Standard(50.6회) 순이었다. 0.019x0.025의 경우 Jinsung Stainless Steel이 가장 커서 83.2회의 회전에 저항하고, Unitek Resilient, Unitek Standard의 순이고 Ormco와 Unitek Hi-T가 가장 저항력이 작았다. 6. 주사전자현미경으로 본 표면은 모든 제품에서 생산과정 중에 보이는 압흔과 pitting이 관찰되는데, 진성기업의 Stainless Steel은 가늘고 긴 압흔이 있으며 비교적 매끄러운 표면을 보이고, Unitek사의 경우 압흔과 함께 pitting 이 관찰되며, Ormco Stainless Steel의 경우 불규칙한 pitting이 다수 존재했다.