• 한국CDE학회논문집
• /
• 제1권3호
• /
• pp.224-233
• /
• 1996

An automatic mesh generation scheme with triangular finite elements on three-dimensional surfaces has been developed. The surface triangulation process is performed as follows. To begin, surfaces with key nodes are transformed to two-dimensional planes and the meshes with triangular elements are constructed in these planes. Finally, the constructed meshes are transformed back to the original 3D surfaces. For the mesh generation, an irregular mesh generation scheme is employed in which local mesh densities are assigned by the user along the boundaries of the analysis domain. For this purpose a looping algorithm combined with an advancing front technique using basic operators has been developed, in which the loops are recursively subdivided into subloops with the use of the best split lines and then the basic operators generate elements. Using the split lines, the original boundaries are split recursively until each loop contains a certain number of key nodes, and then using the basic operators such as type-1 and type-2, one or two triangular elements are generated at each operation. After the triangulation process has been completed for each meshing domain, the resulting meshes are finally improved by smoothing process. Sample meshes are presented to demonstrate the versatility of the algorithm.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제12권2호통권28호
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 1998

In the presence of incident waves with different frequencies, the second order sum and difference frequency waves due to the nonlinearity of the incident waves come into existence. Although the magnitudes of the forces produced on a Tension Leg Platform(TLP) by these nonlinear waves are small, they act on the TLP at sum and difference frequencies away from those of the incident waves. So, the second order sum and difference frequency wave loads produced close to the natural frequencies of TLPs often give greater contributions to high and low frequency resonant responses. The second order wave exciting forces and moments have been obtained by the method based on direct integration of pressure acting on the submerged surface of a TLP. The components of the second order forces which depend on first order quantities have been evaluated using the three dimensional source distribution method. The numerical results of time domain analysis for the nonlinear wave exciting forces in regular waves are compared with the numerical ones of frequency domain analysis. The results of comparison confirmed the validity of the proposed approach.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.133-142
• /
• 1993

컴퓨터로 제어하는 조파시스템을 보다 정교하게 제어하기 위해서는 제어회로 구성에 있어서 조파판의 이산적 전달작용을 반영할 필요가 종종 있다. 본 연구에서는 시간영역에서 조파판의 전달 작용을 이산적으로 모의할 수 있는 수치필터를 설계하였다. 필터의 효능성을 파악하기 위하여 규칙 또는 불규칙 조파판 입력데이타를 가지고 예제 해석을 시도하였다. 필터의 출력을 이론적 정확치 또는 이산회적 출력과 비교한 결과, 이들이 매우 잘 일치함을 확인하였다. 이용된 필터 구현방법은 사실상 이중선형변환 방법이며, 이 방법에는 주파수 착각 오차가 배제되기 때문에 주파수대가 한정되어 있지 않은 조파판 전달함수에 대해서도 충분히 정확성을 갖고 통용될 수 있음을 입증하였다.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.156-163
• /
• 2003

워터마킹 기술 중에 공간 영역을 주파수 영역으로 변환하여 워터마크 신호를 삽입하는 이유는 워터마크를 삭제하려는 악의적인 공격에 대해 살아 남을 수 있고 인간이 삽입되는 워터마크 신호를 쉽게 인지할 수 없는 주파수 대역을 고려할 수 있기 때문이다. 그러나 3차원 데이터의 비정규성(irregularity)으로 인하여 공간영역의 3차원 데이터를 주파수 영역으로 자연스럽게 변환한다는 것은 쉽지 않다. 본 논문에서는 3차원 메쉬(mesh) 데이터를 주파수 영역으로 변환하여 수행하는 새로운 워터마킹 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 우선 3차원 모델을 운행(traversing)하여 삼각형 스트립을 생성하고, 각 스트립에 속한 꼭지점 좌표들을 각 좌표축에 따라 독립적으로 1차원 DCT 변환한다. 그리고 쉽게 인지되지 않으면서도 불법적인 공격으로부터 워터마크 신호가 살아남기 위해 AC 계수의 중간 주파수 대역에 워터마크 신호를 삽입한다. 마지막으로, 컴퓨터 실험을 통해 제안한 3차원 데이터 워터마킹 방법은 무작위 잡음 첨가 공격이나 Affine 변환, 그리고 MPEG-4 SNHC의 표준 기하 압축에 강인하다는 것을 보였다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.174-181
• /
• 2014

선형발전기가 연결된 부이의 수직운동에 대한 시간영역 해석을 수행하여 얻은 시계열 자료를 가지고 선형발전기를 설계하고 전기에너지 출력특성 및 효율에 대해 살펴보았다. 1차 변환장치로 원통형 부이를 선택하였고, 2차 변환장치로 양측식 할박(Halbach) 배열 영구자석 가동자와 철심형 슬롯리스(Slotless) 고정자로 구성된 선형발전기를 사용하였다. 시간영역에서 부이의 수직운동 속도와 파랑하중을 입력자료로 직선형 영구자석 발전기가 설계되었고, 설계된 발전기는 규칙파 조건에서 유한요소 해석법을 적용하여 발전특성해석을 수행함으로써, 그 타당성이 입증되었다. 또한 불규칙파 조건에서 합리적이고 빠른 해석을 위해, 등가회로법을 적용하여 발전특성 해석을 수행하였는데, 그 결과 역시 매우 타당함을 확인하였다.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농업기계학회 2000년도 THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ENGINEERING. V.III
• /
• pp.684-689
• /
• 2000

In harvesting rice and barley using combine, the inclination of the body caused by the irregular surface condition of the field and the soil sinking from the unbalanced weight during the grain collection used to make harvesting operation difficult and even impossible. To overcome such a problem, automatic leveling control system for a combine has been developed and tested. The system was composed of the sensor for measuring left and right inclination of the combine chassis and the hydraulic control system. The adaptability of the control system was investigated by analyzing system response in time domain. And the limit angle of the leveling control was set up to be +/- 7$^{\circ}$. The proposed control and hydraulic power system was implemented to the prototype combine. The prototype combine was designed and built as a separable structure with chassis and track. This paper shows results of the leveling performance tested in the laboratory and the grain field.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.988-992
• /
• 2007

Recently, dynamic system has been enlarged and is exposed to various types of disturbance. Thus designing controller for those dynamic system under random disturbance is not practically easy. As a result, the exact analysis for the system which is exposed to various irregular disturbance is quite important. In order to perform analysis, conventional BMR(Balanced Model Reduction) method is applied to moment equation in stochastic domain and reliable reduced order system model has been obtained.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.400-405
• /
• 2003

A gene (hpkA), encoding a histidine protein kinase homolog, has been identified in the upstream region of the espAB operon in Myxococcus xanthus. It encodes a 333 amino acid (35,952 Da) protein with a histidine protein kinase domain in the region from amino acid 90 to 317. Null mutations in the hpkA gene caused formation of loose irregular fruiting bodies, while wild-type strains developed tight hemispherical fruiting bodies under developmental conditions. Sporulation of the hpkA mutant was delayed by at least 12 h compared to that of the wild-type. It appeared that the hpkA mutation increased the expression of the espAB operon by more than 2-fold compared with the wild-type under developmental conditions. Expression of the hpkA gene was low under vegetative conditions, but was highly induced under developmental conditions.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.218-226
• /
• 1994

Laminar flow and heat transfer in a channel with blockages are obtained numerically in a Reynolds-number range of $100{\leq}Re{\leq}400$. A boundary-fitted curvilinear coordinate system is generated for irregular boundary of the physical region, and solutions of Navier-Stokes equation and energy equation are obtained by finite analytic method in the transformed computational domain. The flow separates in downstream of the blockage and the length of separated-flow region increases with Reynolds number. The heat flux is high on the top of the blockages and increase in the heat transfer occurs where the fluid reattaches the wall. Comparison between computed streamlines and experimental flow-visualization is also presented and discussed.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• 제18권1E호
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 1999

This paper deals with a hybrid finite element method for wave scattering problems in infinite domains. Scattering of waves involving complex geometries, in conjunction with infinite domains is modeled by introducing a mathematical boundary within which a finite element representation is employed. On the mathematical boundary, the finite element representation is matched with a known analytical solution in the infinite domain in terms of fields and their derivatives. The derivative continuity is implemented by using a slope constraint. Drilling degrees of freedom at each node of the finite element model are introduced to make the numerical model more sensitive to the transverse component of the elastodynamic field. To verify the effects of drilling degrees freedom and slope constraints individually, reflection of normally incident P and SV waves on a traction free half spaces is considered. For the P-wave incidence, the results indicate that the use of slope constraint is more effective because it suppresses artificial reflection at the mathematical boundary. For the SV-wave case, the use of drilling degrees freedom is more effective by reducing numerical error at irregular frequencies.