• Macromolecular Research
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.549-554
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• 2008

Proton conducting crosslinked membranes were prepared using polymer blends of polystyrene-b-poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate)-b-poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PS-b-PHEA-b-PSSA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). PS-b-PHEA-b-PSSA triblock copolymer at 28:21:51 wt% was synthesized sequentially using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). FT-IR spectroscopy showed that after thermal ($120^{\circ}C$, 2 h) and chemical (sulfosuccinic acid, SA) treatments of the membranes, the middle PHEA block of the triblock copolymer was crosslinked with PVA through an esterification reaction between the -OH group of the membrane and the -COOH group of SA. The ion exchange capacity (IEC) decreased from 1.56 to 0.61 meq/g with increasing amount of PVA. Therefore, the proton conductivity at room temperature decreased from 0.044 to 0.018 S/cm. However, the introduction of PVA resulted in a decrease in water uptake from 87.0 to 44.3%, providing good mechanical properties applicable to the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of fuel cells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the membrane was microphase-separated with a nanometer range with good connectivity of the $SO_3H$ ionic aggregates. The power density of a single $H_2/O_2$ fuel cell system using the membrane with 50 wt% PVA was $230\;mW/cm^2$ at $70^{\circ}C$ with a relative humidity of 100%. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) also showed a decrease in the thermal stability of the membranes with increasing PVA concentration.

• 멤브레인
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.434-440
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 역전기투석 공정에서 발생 가능한 막오염 현상을 in-situ로 측정하기 위하여 임피던스 스펙트로스코피 방법을 도입하여 실제 발생한 막오염 현상 측정 방법을 제시하였다. 얻어진 임피던스 데이터를 활용하여 Nyquist 도시법과 어드미턴스 도시법으로 스펙트럼을 도시하였으며 두 도시법 모두 유의미한 막오염 현상을 감지할 수 있었다. 또한 초기 막오염 현상에서 음이온 교환막 표면에 막오염물의 불안정한 축적 현상 및 역전기투석 공정의 운전 시간에 따른 막오염층의 구조적 변화를 감지할 수 있었다.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.81-85
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• 2015

A method for degradation of the perchlorate anion ($ClO{_4}^-$) has been studied using electrochemically generated zero-valent iron (ZVI) deposited on a porous carbon electrode. The first strategy of this study is to produce the ZVI via the electrochemical reduction of iron (II) on a porous carbon electrode coated with a conducting polymer, instead of employing expensive $NaBH_4$. The present method produced well distributed ZVI on conducting polymer (polypyrrole thin film) and increased surface area. ZVI surface can be regenerated easily for successive reduction. The second strategy is to apply a mild reducing condition (-0.3 V) to enhance the efficiency of the degradation of perchlorate with ZVI without the evolution of hydrogen. The electrochemically generated ZVI nanoparticles may offer an alternative means for the complete destruction perchlorate without evolution of hydrogen in water with high efficiency and at low cost.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2013

Platinum is a well known element which shows a significant electrocatalytic activity in many important applications. In glucose sensor, because of the poisoning effect of reaction intermediates and the low surface area, the electrocatalytic activity towards the glucose oxidation is low which cause the low sensitivity. So, we fabricate a nanoporous PtZn alloy electrode by deposition-dissolution method. It provides a high active surface and a large enzyme encapsulating space per unit area when it used for an enzymatic glucose sensor. Glucose oxidase was immobilized on the electrode surface by capping with PEDOT composite and PPDA. The composite and PPDA also can exclude the interference ion such as ascorbic acid and uric acid to improve the selectivity. The surface area was determined by cyclic voltametry method and the surface structure and the element were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), respectively. The sensitivity is $13.5{\mu}A/mM\;cm^2$. It is a remarkable value with such simply prepared senor has high selectivity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1144-1148
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• 2002

We prepared the polyaniline (Pani) film and powder by chemical polymerization and doping with different dopants and also investigated the capability of Li//polyaniline cells after assembling. The oxidation/reduction potentials and electrochemical reaction of Li//polyaniline cells were tested by cyclic voltammetry technique. The Li//Pani-HCl cells with 10% and 20% conductors show a little larger specific discharge capacities than that without conductor. The highest discharge capacity of almost 50 mAh/g at 100th cycle is also achieved. However, Li//Pani-LiPF6 with 20% conductor shows a remarkable performance of ~90 mAh/g at 100th cycle. This is feasible value for using as the positive electrode material of lithium ion secondary batteries. It is also proved that the powder type electrode of Pani is better to use than the film type one to improve the specific discharge capacity and its stability with cycle.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.129.2-129.2
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• 2010

AEM which were used for solid alkaline fuel cell(SAFC) were prepared by photo polymerization in method pore-filling with various quaternary ammonium cationic monomers and crosslinkers without an amination process. Their specific thermal and chemical properties were characterized through various analyses and the physico-chemical properties of the prepared electrolyte membranes such as swelling behavior, ion exchange capacity and ionic conductivity were also investigated in correlation with the electrolyte composition. The polymer electrolyte membranes prepared in this study have a very wide hydroxyl ion conductivity range of 0.01 - 0.45S/cm depending on the composition ratio of the electrolyte monomer and crosslinking agent used for polymerization. However, the hydroxyl ion conductivity of the membranes was relatively higher at the whole cases than those of commercial products such as A201 membrane of Tokuyama. These pore-filling membranes have also excellent properties such as smaller dimensional affects when swollen in solvents, higher mechanical strength, lowest electrolyte crossover through the membranes, and easier preparation process compared of traditional cast membranes. The prepared membranes were then applied to solid alkaline fuel cell and it was found comparable fuel cell performance to A201 membrane of Tokuyama.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.1733-1737
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• 2009

A new cathode material based on Li$Ni_{0.8}Co_{0.15}Al_{0.05}O_2$ (LNCA)/polyaniline (Pani) composite was prepared by in situ self-stabilized dispersion polymerization in the presence of LNCA. The materials were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical properties including galvanostatic charge-discharge ability, cyclic voltammetry (CV), capacity, cycling performance, and AC impedance were measured. The synthesized LNCA/Pani had a similar particle size to LNCA and exhibited good electrochemical properties at a high C rate. Pani (the emeraldine salt form) interacts with metal-oxide particles to generate good connectivity. This material shows good reversibility for Li insertion in discharge cycles when used as the electrode of lithium ion batteries. Therefore, the Pani coating is beneficial for stabilizing the structure and reducing the resistance of the LNCA. In particular, the LNCA/Pani material has advantageous electrochemical properties.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2019

To improve the performance of Si anodes in advanced Li-ion batteries, the design of the electrode plays a critical role, especially due to the large volumetric expansion in the Si anode during Li insertion. In our study, we used a simple fabrication method to prepare Si-based electrodes by grafting polyacrylic acid (PAA) to a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder (CMC-g-PAA). The procedure consists of first mixing nano-sized Si and the binders (CMC and PAA), and then coating the slurry on a Cu foil. The carbon network was formed via carbonization of the binders i.e., by a simple heat treatment of the electrode. The carbon network in the electrode is mechanically and electrically robust, which leads to higher electrical conductivity and better mechanical property. This explains its long cycle performance without the addition of a conducting agent (for example, carbon). Therefore, the partially carbonized CMC-g-PAA binder presented in this study represents a new feasible approach to produce Si anodes for use in advanced Li-ion batteries.

• Korean Membrane Journal
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

This work reports the preparation of proton conductive crosslinked polymer electrolyte membranes by blending poly(vinyl chloride)-g-poly(hydroxyl ethyl acrylate) (PVC-g-PHEA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The PHEA chains of the graft copolymer were crosslinked with PVA using sulfosuccinic acid (SA) via the esterification reaction between -OH of polymer matrix and -COOH of SA. The PVC-g-PHEA graft copolymer was synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using direct initiation of the secondary chlorines of PVC backbones. Ion exchange capacity (IEC) continuously increased with increasing concentrations of SA, due to the increasing portion of charged groups in the membrane. However, the water uptake increased up to 20.0 wt% of SA concentration above which it decreased monotonically. The membrane exhibited a maximum proton conductivity of 0.026 S/cm at 20.0 wt% of SA concentration, which is presumably due to competitive effect between the increase of ionic sites and the crosslinking reaction.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.141-145
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• 2000

전도성이 뛰어난 피롤고분자 피막을 전기화학적으로 중합하고 이를 Gr/ppy(Polypyrrole),X.O.(xylenol orange)형의 수식된 전극을 제작하여 U(VI)의 포집에 이용하였다. 사전피막제인 NBR(nitrile butadiene rubber)을 사용하였을 때 중합속도는 $3.22\times10^{-3}s^{-1}$로 이를 사용하지 않았을 때 보다 1.6배 느린 반응이었다. 포집된 U(VI)의 양은 ppy $1.70Ccm^{-2}$ 당에 $1.55\times10^{-4}g$ 이었으며, 인공해수 중에서 matrix효과는 $6.8\%$로 나타났다. ppy전극이 Gr/ppy, $X.O^{4-}UO^+$형으로 수식됨에 따라서 피막자체의 임피던스가 증가하여 ppy만일 때의 확산에 지배적인 전도과정에서 피막자체의 전자전도와 이온도핑과정이 함께 영향을 받는 결과를 보였다. ppy전극을 X.O.로 수식하여 U(VI)를 포집함에 따라 전기이중층의 용량은 각각 56과 130여 배로 증가하였다.