• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2003

Purpose : The efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging for evaluating coronary artery disease has been reported. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of breath-hold segmented K-space cine MR imaging for evaluating the patency of coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG). Materials and Method s : Thirty eight patients with a total of 92 CABGs (36 internal thoracic arteries and 56 saphenous vein grafts) were evaluated using segmented K-space cardiac-gated fast gradient echo sequence (2D-FASTCARD) MR imaging. MR magnitude images were evaluated from the hard copies by two independent observers. A graft was defined as patent if it was seen as a bright small round area on at least two consecutive images throughout the cardiac cycle at a position consistent with the expected location for that graft. Results : MR images were obtained successfully for 23 patients (61%). The sagittal planes were most helpful in visualizing the cross-section of sapheneous vein bypass graft to left circumflex artery branch, whereas the transverse planes were used for identification of internal mammary artery grafts to left anterior descending coronary artery or its branch and identification of saphenous vein grafts to right coronary artery. Forty five grafts were visible using this MR technique, while the grafts were not visible on seven saphenous vein grafts and two internal mammary artery grafts. In two patients showing symptoms of myocardial ischemia, one or two bypass grafts were not visible. Imaging, perpendicular plane to a CABG was important to visualize the flow inside the CABG with maximum sensitivity. Conclusion : Evaluation of patency of the bypass graft was clinically feasible by 2D-FASTCARD MR imaging, whereas any invisible bypass grafts should be further studied by contrast-enhanced MR angiography or by conventional angiography for confirmation of abnormalities.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.75-85
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to attempt new analysis on Soswaewon Garden(瀟灑園) where is Korea's traditional garden, focusing on which the tendency of its change is a relational-formation tool similar to the Eastern Mode of Thought, with paying attention to conversion as the new view of world. Accordingly, the aim is to reanalyze by connecting with Soswaewon Garden based on the theory of complexity, which tries to look at the whole through relationship rather than characteristics in individual components. Given summarizing findings, those are as follows. First, it was found that complexity shown in space and open system of physical dimension was characterized by 'event(situation)', 'non-determination' and 'homogeneous relationships between part and whole', and a variety of techniques introduced the nature positively. In particular, it was found that there were many cases of topographic usage, since the Soswaewon Garden selected its construction site proactively and was a product from architectural works in compliance with a given flow of natural topography. This has a nature of open text in the situation of emergent behaviors. Second, it was found that complexity shown in experiences and open system on the invisible dimension was characterized primarily by 'event(situation)' and 'relationships of interactive response between actors and environment', and various techniques appeared as a space for interactive combination of nature and daily experiences. This is typical of bilateral harmony based on interactions between subject and object, and between mankind and nature, and becomes also a space to accommodate temporary emergent behaviors in our life. Third, the compositional elements are reconstituted as space of organic property with dismantling steady relations. Especially, 'Soswaewon Garden's 48 poems(瀟灑園四十八詠)' will be the origin of the emotionally spatial experience to the current performers. Ultimately, the performer in the space of Soswaewon Garden simultaneously becomes a creator of space, and will generate new space with intertextuality with environment. Therefore, Soswaewon Garden becomes a place of binding me and the other together while maintaining mutual relationship based on organic thinking between a human being and nature and between the whole and a part.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.5
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• pp.109-133
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• 2007

What a concept of theatricality in modern art became more controversial is through a review "art and object-hood" on Michael Fried's minimal art, as having been already known broadly. As he had been concerned, the art following the minimalism is accepting as the very important elements such as the introduction of temporality, the stage in the exhibition space, and the audience's positive participation, enough to be no exaggeration to say that it was involved in almost all the theatricality. Particularly even in the installation art and the environment art, which have substantially positioned since the 1970s, the space is staged, and the audience's participation is greatly highlighted due to the temporal character and the site-specific in works. In such way, the theatricality in art work is today regarded as one of the most important elements. In this context, it is thought to have significance to examine theatricality, which is shown in the works of Arte Povera artists, who had been active energetically between 1967-1971. That is because the name of this group itself is what was borrowed from "Poor Theatre" in Jerzy Grotowski, who is a play director and theorist coming from Poland, and because of having many common points in the aspect of content and form. It reveals that the art called Arte Povera is sharing many critical minds in the face of commanding the field called a play and other media. Grotowski's theatre theory is very close to the theory and substance in Arte Povera in a sense that liberates a play, which was locked in literature, above all, renews the relationship between stage and seat and between actor and audience, and pursues a human being's change in consciousness through this. That is because Arte Povera also emphasizes the communication with the audience through appealing to a human being's perception and through the direct and living method, not the objective art concept of centering on the work. In addition, the poor play or poor art all has tendency that denies a system, which relies upon economic and cultural system, and seeks for what is anti-cultural, elemental, and fundamental. It is very similar even in a sense that focuses on the exploration process itself rather than the result, excludes the transcendental concept, and attaches importance to empiricism. However, Arte Povera accepts contradictoriness and complexity, and suggests eclecticism and tolerance, thereby being basically the nomadic art and the art difficult to be captured constitutively. On the other hand, there is difference in a sense that the poor play is characterized by purity, asceticism, seriousness, and solemnity. If so, which significance does this theatricality, which was introduced to art, ultimately have? As all the arts desire to be revealed with invisible things beyond the visual thing, theatricality comes to play a very important role at this time. If all the artists and audiences today came to acquire actual or virtual freedom much more, that can be said to be a point attributable to that art relied upon diverse conditions in a play.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.23
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• pp.149-162
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• 2016

Here are background, method, scope, main contents of this research. As the interests increased in recent about the construction in complex and diverse areas, construction is locally connected to human life like to coexistence of the technology and culture. The local development should not be fragmentary construction to improve local recycling ability. Local society should be inherited by modern cultural perspective through a variety of local culture and coexistence. Effective decision making analysis is necessary to build a livable area with a combination of high-tech industry. For this reason, this paper will study the political analysis for decision making at the planning stage of construction in point of fusion of technology and culture by using unstructured data analysis. Conclusion is as in the following. Local planning stage of construction describes diverse meanings of intangible and intangible factors as political factor. Technology factors have various qualitative and quantitative factors in construction field. Understanding decision making at the planning stage of construction means not only visible 'technology factor' such as structure, method, shape, and so on, but also invisible 'culture factor' such as spirit of age, religion, learning, and life-style reflected in formation process of space, and insight of brain power about art.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.1163-1177
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• 2010

This study was conducted to establish the appropriate facilities criteria of the Korean welfare devices center. We e-mail surveyed 194 welfare devices centers and analysed 13 blueprints of them. We established the following proper principles of facilities. First, consist type and area of room should depend on the type of welfare devices centers. Second, The flow of human and welfare devices should be simple. Third, the area calculated on the base of intent of center owner and the size of beds, wheelchairs, etc. Fourth, exhibit room facing with roadside may obtain advertising effect. Fifth, the storage and disinfecting room should use different entrance, and avoid the intersection of flow to prevent cross-contamination. Sixth, the access road to the exhibition and consulting room should be able to approach by the wheelchair. seventh, office room should be invisible to keep customer's privacy. Direct Cleaning-disinfecting type center on the premise that the maximum 165m², middle 150m², intermediate 140m², display at least Consultation, Cleaning-disinfecting room, storage (clean, contaminated), the office, equipped with a parking space. Entrust Cleaning-disinfecting type center on the premise that a maximum 134m², middle 119m², intermediate 109m² exhibited minimal activity room, consultation room, office, equipped with a parking space, collecting welfare when importing equipment warehouse (clean, pollution) have been proposed to equip up to.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.132-142
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• 2014

This study is the first stage to identify distinctive characteristics of American Romantic Garden compared to English Romantic Garden. The purpose of the study is to identify characteristics of transitional garden in the early period of America by analyzing of Paca garden, Mount Vernon and Monticello when English Naturalistic Garden was firstly imported. The analysis studied historical background, people who designed garden, formal garden and characteristics of natural garden through reference. Also based on data through reference and field research, spatial configuration and garden factors of each site were analyzed. In spatial configuration, straight line and curve line, formal terrace and natural slope, visible axis and invisible axis, symetric and asymmetric, and perspective and oblique perspectives were used as analyzing factors. As a result of analysis, each garden showed different type from that of formal gardens from colony period, which is natural garden of asymmetric garden(English natural garden) coexisted. Paca garden which planned formal garden and natural garden in each space showed characteristics of each space, but in formal garden residential axis and garden axis does not coincide which shows it is out of formal garden type. Such phenomena and the fact that naturalistic garden coexist in the same garden shows that the formal garden type from early days in US is starting to change in different types. Mount Vernon garden, similar to Paca garden, was designed to have two different types of gardens in harmony rather than divide the space into different space and design it. It adapted serpent walkway but shows symmetric by central axis and considered formalistic plan through same materials. However through terrace in hills and spatial plan of oblique perspective, one could observe that naturalistic type was beginning to settle in US gardens. Through Monticello analysis, space was designed with major characteristics of naturalistic garden which is serpent walkway, ornamental farm, winding flower bed grove and bush and oblique perspective, and it completely duplicates characteristics of naturalistic garden which could not be found in gardens imported from UK.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.417-420
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• 2002

Recent works in the area of multimedia studies focus on a wide range of issues from the impact of multimedia on culture to its impact on economics and anything in between. The interconnectedness of the issues raised by this new practice is complicated by the fact that media are rapidly converging: in a very real way, multimedia is becoming a media prism that reflects the way in which media continually influence each other across disciplines and cultural borders. Thus, the impact of multimedia reflects a complicated crossroads where media, human experience, culture and technology converge. An effective design is generally based on shaping aesthetics for function and utility, with an emphasis on ease of use. However, in designing for cyberspace, it is possible to create narratives that challenge the interactor by encoding in the design an instructional aspect that teaches new approaches and forms. Such a design offers an equally aesthetic experience for the interactor as they explore the meaning of the work. This design approach has been used constructively in many applications. The crucial concern is to determine how little or how much information must be presented for the interactor to achieve a suitable level of cognition. This is always a balancing act: too much difficulty will result in interactor frustration and the abandonment of the activity and too little will result in boredom leading to the same negative result In addition, it can be anticipated that the interactor will bring her or his own level of experiential cognition and/or accretion, to the experience providing reflective cognition and/or restructure the learning curve. If the design of the application is outside their present experience, interactors will begin with established knowledge in order to explore the new work. Thus, it may be argued that the interactor explores, learns and cognates simultaneously based on primary experiential cognition. Learning is one of the most important keys to establishing a comfort level in a new media work. Once interactors have learned a new convention, they apply this cognitive knowledge to other new media experiences they may have. Pierre Levy would describe this process as a "new nomadism" that creates "an invisible space of understanding, knowledge, and intellectual power, within which new qualities of being and new ways of fashioning a society will flourish and mutate" (Levy xxv 1997). Thus, navigation itself of offers the interactors the opportunity to both apply and loam new cognitive skills. This suggests that new media narrative strategies are still in the process of developing unique conventions and, as a result, have not reached a level of coherent grammar. This paper intends to explore the cognitive aspects of new media design and in particular, will explore issues related to the design of new media interfaces. The paper will focus on the creation of narrative strategies that engage interactors through loaming curves thus enhancing interactivity.vity.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.128-140
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• 2013

The cause of traffic accidents and driver behavior is affected by psychological factors, because the behavior of drivers and pedestrians, and to identify the psychological linkage analysis to explore improvements in service design approaches are becoming increasingly important. Service design is a service-oriented development methodology that make invisible and intangible elements into visible and higher-value. Accordingly, through design thinking to action for development of products and a pleasant road environment were studied for school zone by discovering underlying issues to resolve in terms of service design. First, survey of domestic road psychological and behavioral problems were derived through the analysis of the causes of traffic accidents and researched the concept of school zones by analyzing the ideas. To reduced the width of the lane manipulate the speed of the vehicle and to cross the crosswalk safely. In order to encourage the flow of vehicle traffic, new solutions are proposed by offering robot traffic lights, graphic design of crosswalk, space, and the fence and convergence public design and services.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.57-66
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• 2015

At these day, owing to functional limitations and cost issues, used image map in web service have a problem which can not make exactly meet the user needs. This study aims to create an individual map for user suitable purposes using HTML5 technology that implement the vector map creation and its functions with services. The results of this study, the invisible problems of the tilting and rotation functions in image-based map utilizing the existing web environment were solved in HTML5 vector map. And to access the map information, by implementing the function of expressing the background and name data to selectively derive, various results were expressed in the map. Also, as a result of a comparison of performance the time required was measured at 0.88sec which comes in the range of the first loading time between 0.78sec and 7.56sec in a commercial map service, which showed the possibility of its commercialization. compared to 180GB of image maps for the production of a national map index system, the volume to produce a vector map was 2.5GB, a decrease by over 90%, which solved the issue of costs for a storage space. As a result, this study of HTML5 vector map design and implementation presented a plan for providing information suitable for the requirements of the users who use spatial information through utilizing a variety of information and expanding functions.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.24
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• pp.46-61
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• 2011

This paper considers how Koreans found their positions in the complex, overlapping, disjunctive, and interconnected "Oriental" repertoires in the early Cold War years. When we use the term, Oriental, it should require careful translation from context to context because it may be subject to very different sets of contextual circumstances. Klein views Cold War Orientalism in the complex of various regions including East Asian and Southeast Asian countries; however, when Koreans are contextualized at the center of the discussion the Orientalism produces another discursive meaning. Even though many great researches have been done on Korean immigrations, Korean American literatures, and US-Korea economic, political, and foreign relations, not many discussions about Korean American popular cultures have been discussed in the basis of the Oriental discourse in the United States.For this argument, this paper investigates the performative trajectory of a girl group "Kim Sisters" who began to sing at the US military show stages in South Korea in 1952 during the Korean War. They moved to Las Vegas show stages in 1959 and later appeared in Ed Sullivan Show more than thirty times during the 1960s and 70s. Meanwhile, they not only returned to South Korea often times to perform at the stages for Korean audiences in South Korea but also played at the shows for Korean immigrants in the United States. Korean American immigration to the United States has followed a different route from the majority of Asian American population such as Chinese or Japanese Americans, which means that efforts to compare this particular group to the others may be unnecessary. Rather doing comparative studies, this paper, therefore, focuses on the formation of the intersecting and multiple identities of Korean female entertainers who were forced or forced themselves to be incorporated into the American popular "Oriental" imagination, which I would call "embedded" identities. This embeddedness has been continuously maintained in the configuration of Korean characters in the United States. This will help not only to observe the discursive aspect of Asian American identity politics but also to claim a space for comparatively invisible Korean characters in the United States which has been often times neglected and not brought into a major Asian American or Oriental historical discourse. This paper starts with American scenes at the beginning of the twentieth century to trace Americans Oriental imagination which was observable in the various American cultural landscape and popular music soundscape. It will help us more clearly understand the production and consumption of the Korean "Oriental" performances during the early Cold War period and especially the Korean performance in the American venue, silently overshadowed into the political, social, and cultural framework.