• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.221-224
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• 2004

By effect of infinity internet market copyright connection skills for extent extension of digital contents and profit rescue through this impoliticly research and develop. Contents protection techniques, management techniques, circulation techniques etc. are becoming development by contents circulation company and developers but that there is no standard as problem advances soul between copyright managerial system by development competition and in reciprocity compatibility tell. ISO MPEG commission arrived that develop MPEG-21 framework to solve problem that do that is to copyright management's opacity province that non efficiency and standard of contents distribution structure that do that is by redundancy investment are not. Data structure in Framework interior is doing and propose copyright expression language of XML base of REL to establish copyright connection data standard and normalized based on no XML. But, a tool that can be easy as must understand whole framework and can have problem in to edit REL and create copyright document fast was required. In this paper, research about method that edit REL document and develop and spend a edit tool that tan be that expressing intuitionally.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.26-36
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• 2013

Highway traffic safety evaluation of area on the basis of the accident rate has a limitation, thus its result is dependent on the exposure variables. It works an obstacle to decision making for effective budget execution. In this paper, we developed a methodology of taking simultaneously macroscopic exposure indicators into account in evaluating the safety using least squares method. The weight of exposure indicators to make up of highway traffic safety evaluation index is that accident rate per population, accident rate per registration vehicle and accident rate per length of road is 0.29, 0.52 and 0.19 respectively and calculated the highway traffic safety index of total local governments in Korea. The methodology to calculate highway traffic safety evaluation index proposed in this paper can be utilized in executing the traffic safety policies to increase the efficiency of investment about traffic safety budget.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.04b
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• pp.541-543
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• 2004

능동적 학습(active learning)은 제한된 시간과 인력으로 가능한 정확도가 높은 분류기(classifier)를 생성하기 위하여, 훈련집합에 추가할 예제 즉 문의예제(query example)의 선정과 확장된 훈련집합으로 다시 학습하는 과정을 반복하여 수행한다. 능동적 학습의 핵심은 사용자에게 카테고리(category) 부여를 요청할 문의예제를 선정하는 과정에 있다. 효과적인 문의예제를 선정하기 위하여 다양한 방안들이 제안되었으나, 이들은 매 문의단계마다 하나의 문의예제를 선정하는 경우에 가장 적합하도록 고안되었다. 능동적 학습이 복수의 예제를 사용자에게 문의할 수 있다면, 사용자는 문의예제들을 서로 비교해 가면서 작업할 수 있으므로 카테고리 부여작업을 보다 빠르고 정확하게 수행할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 충분한 인력을 보유한 상황에서는, 카테고리 부여작업을 병렬로 처리할 수 있어 전반적인 학습시간의 단축에 큰 도움이 될 것이다. 하지만, 각 예제의 문의예제로써의 적합 정도를 추정하면 유사한 예제들은 서로 비슷한 수준으로 평가되므로, 기존의 방안들을 복수의 문의예제 선정작업에 그대로 적용할 경우, 유사한 예제들이 문의예제로 동시에 선정되어 능동적 학습의 효율이 저하되는 현상이 나타날 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 특정 예제를 문의예제로 선정하면 이와 일정 수준이상 유사한 예제들은 해당 예제와 함께 문의예제로 선정하지 않음으로써, 이러한 문제점을 극복할 수 있는 방안을 제안한다. 제안한 방안을 문서분류 문제에 적용해 본 결과 기존 문의예제 선정방안으로 복수 문의예제를 선정할 때 발생할 수 있는 문제점을 상당히 완화시킬 있을 뿐 아니라, 복수의 문의예제를 선정하더라도 각 문의 단계마다 하나의 예제를 선정하는 경우에 비해 큰 성능의 저하가 없음을 실험적으로 확인하였다./$m\ell$로 나타났다.TEX>${HCO_3}^-$ 이온의 탈착은 서서히 진행되었다. R＆D investment increases are directly not liked to R＆D productivities because of delays and side effects during transition periods between different stages of technology development. Thus, It is necessary to develope strategies in order to enhance efficiency of technological development process by perceiving the switching pattern. 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 것이다.'ity, and warm water discharges from a power plant, etc.h to the way to dispose heavy water adsorbent. Through this we could reduce solid waste products and the expense of permanent disposal of radioactive waste products and also we could contribute nuclear power plant run safely. According to the result we could keep the best condition of radiation safety super vision and we could help people believe in safety with Radioactivity wastes control for harmony with Environ

• Korea Real Estate Review
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2014

This study, as the temporal and spatial data for the real price apartment in Seoul from January 2006 to June 2013, empirically compared and analyzed the estimation result of apartment price using OLS by hedonic price model for the problem of space-time correlation, temporal autoregressive model (TAR) considering temporal effect, spatial autoregressive model (SAR) spatial effect and spatiotemporal autoregressive model (STAR) spatiotemporal effect. As a result, the adjusted R-square of STAR model was increased by 10% compared that of OLS model while the root mean squares error (RMSE) was decreased by 18%. Considering temporal and spatial effect, it is observed that the estimation of apartment price is more correct than the existing model. As the result of analyzing STAR model, the apartment price is affected as follows; area for apartment(-), years of apartment(-), dummy of low-rise(-), individual heating (-), city gas(-), dummy of reconstruction(+), stairs(+), size of complex(+). The results of other analysis method were the same. When estimating the price of real estate using STAR model, the government officials can improve policy efficiency and make reasonable investment based on the objective information by grasping trend of real estate market accurately.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.263-274
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• 2021

This study presents the achievements and limitations of the voluntary-based Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) through statistical analysis of water quality monitoring data and performance assessments of TMDL plans implemented in the Gyeongan watershed. The results clearly showed that responsible local governments complied the allocated TMDL and the designated water quality goals were successfully achieved in the required period. This was possible because the Ministry of Environment provided innovative incentives, such as, relaxations of the existing tight land-use regulations and full-scale financial aids for constructing and operating public treatment facilities to draw local government voluntary participation. However, a couple of problems which decreased the effectiveness and efficiency of the voluntary TMDL were identified. The different TMDL implementation schedules between upstream (Yongin) and downstream (Gwangju) governments caused delay in water quality improvement and exaggerated TMDL allocation to the local development which made excessive investment in the treatment facilities. Although it is not directly related to the voluntary scheme, technical methods for establishing and assessing the water quality goals should be improved so that the effects of flow conditions on water quality are properly assessed. We expect that results of this case study contribute to developing a more effective voluntary-based scheme for the implementation of the so-called 'tributary TMDL' in the future.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.759-780
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• 2009

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of Korean FDI(1990-2008) in China by industries on exports and imports between two countries. We use time series regression, Vector Error Correction Model and Impulse Response Function as methodologies. Our findings through empirical tests are as follows. First Korean FDI in China increases Korean exports with China but shows a tendency to decrease due to the local content of China. Second Korean FDI in China increases Korean imports in SITC 8 with China. Finally Korean trade surplus caused by Korean FDI in China shrinks due to the decreasing of exports and increasing of imports in Korea. Korean FDI in China should be oriented host country's market oriented rather than production efficiency oriented because of unfriendly foreign investment environments in China.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.123-134
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• 2018

Recently, due to the rising incidence of disasters in the nation, there has been a growing interest in the relevance and role of science and technology in solving disaster and safety related issues. In addition, the necessities of securing the human rights of all citizens in disaster risk reduction, identifying fields of technology development for effective disaster response, and improving the efficiency of R&D investment for disaster and safety are becoming more important as the different types of disasters and stages of disaster and safety management process have been considered. In this study, we analyzed bipartite or two-mode networks constructed from an expert survey dataset of technology development for disaster and safety management. The results reveal that earthquake and fire are the two disasters affecting an individual and society at large and demonstrate that AI and big data analytics are effective supports in managing disaster and safety. We believe that such a network analytic approach can be used to explore some important implications exist for the national science and technology effort and successful disaster and safety management practices in Korea.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.369-392
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• 2011

A pure project finance is exposed to high default risk because it is made solely based on the business value of the project. Project finance with sinking funds can reduce the high default risk, in that it uses sinking funds to ensure the principal without requiring collaterals or guarantees. In view of economic efficiency, this paper analytically compares project finance with sinking funds to usual project finance and derives the condition for its superiority in corporate tax saving. Because sinking funds generate the repayments for the principal with compounding interest rates, in terms of effectiveness, project finance with sinking funds is suitable for long-term projects whose period is longer than 10 years. Pension funds can be good sources for project finance with sinking funds, since they should be managed to ensure stable investment returns for long periods.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.351-359
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• 2019

Recognizing that the fundamental cause of construction safety accidents was a lack of safety management activities in the planning and design phases, the government made the Design for Safety (DFS) system mandatory in May 2016. However, awareness among ordering parties and designers regarding this system is significantly low, and the system has not been properly established due to reasons such as the need for additional work and a lack of professional manpower. In this study, the awareness of ordering parties and designers of the DFS system was analyzed through a survey, various problems in DFS work execution were identified and measures for improvement were presented. Measures to improve the efficiency in DFS work execution involve the discovery of risk factors and establishment of countermeasures, and here the establishment of a DFS work support system that enables the sharing of information between institutions is the most urgent priority. In addition, it is also urgently necessary to establish a dedicated organization in charge of DFS work, cultivate professional manpower, develop the relevant education programs and establish a proper cost calculation standard for DFS work execution by design offices.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.669-677
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• 2018

Torrential rain and drought are repeated due to the increase in the unpredictable fluctuating of rainfall patterns. It is time for stabilize water resource management in terms of disaster prevention. Distributed control from sources is needed to minimize damages caused by torrential rains and droughts. Rain barrel can be used to reduce the runoff as they collect and store rainwater. In response to this situation, Seoul Metropolitan Government and other local governments implemented a project to support the installation of rain barrel and provided 90% of the cost of installing it in private areas. However, with limited budget, it is difficult to distribute rainwater to the city which is mostly covered by private areas. In this study, Samho-dong, Ulsan, where pilot projects of water cycle leading city are underway, analyzed the effects of reducing the runoff with respect to the amount of rainwater that can be used, and analyzed the economics of recoverable investment cost when installed. From the analysis, it was established that it is possible to show sufficient efficiency with a small capacity without the need to install large rain barrel effectively in the private sector, and to support the installation cost of less than 70 percent of the rainwater can be recovered.