• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.64-71
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• 2016

Recently, nanotechnology has grown as one of the leading science technology along with other converging technologies such as biology, information, medicine etc., bringing the continuous investment of the government in nano-related field. However, it is difficult to measure and evaluate the performance of the national research and development programs because of the multidimensional character of the expected outcomes. This study aims to measuring efficiency of the national nanotechnology research and development programs using DEA model. The decision making units are nine nano-related ministries including the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning. The input variables are total expenditure, number of the programs and average expenditure per program. The output variables are science, technology and economic indicator, and the combination of these outputs are respectively measured as seven different DEA cases. The Ministry of Science, ICT and Future was the first efficient ministry in total technical efficiency. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs and the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety were efficient in pure technical efficiency, when the Ministry of Commerce Industry and Energy took the first in the scale efficiency. The program efficiency was affected by organizational characteristics such as the institution's scale, the concentration of the research paper or the patent, technology transfer or the commercialization. The result of this study could be utilized in development of the policy in the nanotechnology and the related field. Furthermore, it could be applied for the modification of expenditure management or the adjustment of the research and development programs' input and output scale for each ministry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.42-53
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• 1999

Global sourcing strategy is the one that apparel firms adopt in order to improve efficiency. Souring statesgies are not limited to the decision of sourcing country or vertical integration of sewing process Sourcing strategies include all the ecision of marketing process from the acquisition of fabric to distribution of products. The present study aims to analyze the soucing strategies of Korea apparel industry in global perspectives by applying transaction cost approach and aims to provide the implications for the future. The results are as follows ; (1) sourcing strategies in the dimension of domestic versus offshore soucing are determined by the experience in foreign business and the degree of fashionability of the product. (2) Firms tend to increase affshore soucing as they accumulate the experience in foreign business because they can decrease transaction costs as the perceived risks decrease (3) Also firms tend to source their products in foreign countries when the products are more fashionable. Brand loyalty of the product is a additional factor that increases the proportion of domestic sourcing. (4) Degree of vertical integration of sourcing is determined by the fashionability brand loyalty and the experience in foreign business. That is firms decrease the transaction costs by avoiding the investment to short life fashion products. However firms increase the control over the high reputation product by in house production. As the apparel firms tend to more marketing oriented and the national boundaries of business envrionment becomes permeable more efficient global sourcing strategies should be stablished, Besides the production costs nonproduction costs should be equallly considered in order to analyze the total costs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.1719-1732
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• 2009

A firm seeking to enter a foreign market must make an important strategic decision of which market entry mode to use. Because entry modes involve resource commitments, the initial choice by a firm on a particular entry mode is difficult to change without a considerable loss of time and money. Substantial prior research has been undertaken to explain why firms select a particular entry mode into global markets. However, there exists limited research on this area in the field of foreign apparel brands in Korea, although some research has analyzed influential entry mode factors when Korean textile and clothing companies went overseas. This study reviews prior research on the entry mode choice and analyzes the factors that influence the entry mode choice for 510 foreign clothing brands in Korea. Price range, clothing types, distribution strategy, and cultural distance were considered as influential determinants for different entry mode choices. Crosstabs with a chi-square test and logistic regression are used for analysis. This study shows that high-priced brands and luxury brands are associated with the export orientated entry mode in the Korean market. Brands that pursued the strategy of multiple distribution channels showed a preference for a licensing mode or direct investment over other entry modes, and brands from higher-cultural-distance countries entered the Korean clothing market by licensing mode. The findings of this study are appropriate for the strategic planning of foreign apparel intent on entering the Korean market or for Korean apparel firms planning to enter the global market.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.223-229
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• 2004

The investment scale of design project has been increased rapidly following the recent social and economical demand. The demand of user has been changed variously together with social background like the increase of interest for the high level information oriented society and environment. In addition, it is necessary for the experts like coordinator, architect, color expert, and light designer to collaborate in the interior design process. The expertise diverse areas should be related closely and collaboratively for the smooth processing. It is necessary for the design environment to be changed in order to exchange the information effectively within the proposed period by the variety fields' experts. It is a collaborative design in the design studio that the multi-members collect the related data, suggest the idea, and discuss closely, which makes a decision for the new design concept and design plan in the fixed time. It is necessary to make a new kind of communication media concept in the design process, where the multi-members participate, and the collaborative design is processed in physically simultaneous space or in the far distance such as it is done above. In this paper, it is investigated for the communication for the design and creative behavior to explain the collaborative work in the process of design. The characteristics of collaborative design and demand design environment are summarized in the background of this kind of the creative behavior concept. Especially, the communication media for increasing the process effectiveness is explained and the concept for the development of web based collaborative design system is summarized.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.463-470
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• 2016

Construction companies calculate their revenues and costs from constructing activities using the 'Percentage of Completion Method', which is based on ratio of actual construction cost to total costs estimated. The reliability of the net profit of construction companies is being evaluated lower than other industries due to incorrect application of 'Percentage of Completion Method' to cover losses actually occurred. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to verify the quality of earnings calculated based on 'Percentage of Completion Method' in terms of information usefulness. Results from empirical analysis show that investors in stock market underestimate the value of the construction companies' earning information by applying 'Percentage of Completion Method' and not actively use in investment decision making. Accordingly, it has been confirmed that the association between income information and stock prices falling. These results suggest the need for strict supervision of the supervisory authorities and the practical application of 'Percentage of Completion Method' in reliability.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.5 no.3 s.19
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• pp.97-105
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• 2004

Planning phase became very important because the construction market in Korea is often unpredictable. The existing feasibility analysis cannot fulfill its purpose in development projects because they are based on intuitive approach rather than systematic approach. The purpose of this study is to make a prototype of feasibility model to be a good investment. To build the model, first, risk factors which can be occurred in project had to be selected. Risk factors were divided into several groups in basis of characteristical risk. Economical risk factors were input on financial analysis. Then, to catch the relevance and influence of all risk factors, influence diagram and decision tree were made. Finally, sensitivity analysis was activated, then what the critical factors were, and how those factors could be solved. Through these procedures, the feasibility model that was made in this study could include both quantitative and qualitative factors. This model is expected to be used as a guide of feasibility analysis including all risk factors and is to serve systematic frame in planning and feasibility stage.

• Trans-
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• v.1
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• pp.141-166
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• 2016

France owns a unique film production process with the big share of public funding. In its background there is the most developed film support scheme in the world. We consider the French film industry has the fair competition order than any other country. This study follows the French film production process from the project planning to film screening. It looks into various aspects French cinema: production scale of French films, investment/production agreement, actors casting, decision of the film budget, major investors, staffs' wages and collective convention, screening, overseas sales and profit-sharing. It aims to get across the French film industry, especially the film production sector. As a case study, we choose a romantic comedy, Heartbreaker(L'Arnacœur) made in 2010. This study presents a French film industry structure. It will give you some hints to reconsider the existing problems of Korean film industry, for example, screen monopoly, vertical integration of conglomerates, poor secondary market, low earnings rate… etc.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.19-38
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• 2008

Financial ratios are key indicators of an organization's financial and business conditions. Among various financial indicators, profitability, financial structure, financial activity and liquidity ratios are frequently used and analyzed. Using the structural equation modeling(SEM) technique, this study examines the structural causal relationships among key financial indicators. Data for this study are taken from complete financial statements from 142 hospitals that passed the standardization audit undertaken by the Korean Hospital Association from 1998 to 2001 for the purpose of accrediting teaching hospitals. In order to improve comparability, ratio values are standardized using the Blom's normal distribution. The final model of the SEM has four latent constructs: financial activity(total asset turnover, fixed asset turnover), liquidity(current ratio, quick ratio, collection period), financial structure(total debt to equity, long-term debt to equity, fixed assets to fund balance), and profitability(return on assets, normal profit to total assets, operating margin to gross revenue, normal profit to gross revenue). While examining several model fit indices(Chi-square (df) = 178.661 (40), likelihood ratio=4.467, RMR=.11, GFI=.849, RMSEA=.157), the final SEM we employed shows a relatively good fit. After examining the path coefficient of the constructs, the financial structure of the hospital affects the hospital's profitability in a statistically significant way. A hospital which utilizes its liabilities, more specifically fixed liabilities, and makes a stable investment decision for fixed assets was found to have a higher profitability than other hospitals. Then, the standard path coefficients were examined to directly compare the influence of variables. It was found that there were no statistically significant path coefficients among constructs. When it comes to variables, however, statistically significant relationships were found. between. financial activity and. fixed. asset turnover, and between profitability and normal profit to gross revenue. These results show that the observed variables of fixed asset turnover and normal profit to gross revenue can be used as indicators representing financial activity and profitability.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.67-79
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• 2019

This research is to examine the factors affect technological innovation, which in turn is likely to related to financial performance in SMVs (Small-Medium Ventures). Empirical analyses showed that overseas market shares, R&D investment, firm size, firm capability, and centralization in decision-making are statistically related to technological innovation measured with patents and intellectual property. Additionally, technological innovation was found to have a positive relationship with financial performances measured with firms' assets and sale revenues. In conclusion, this research assist to devise a strategic plan for motivating technological innovation and realizing its performance in the SMVs.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.5-13
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• 2014

This paper introduces emergy(spelled with "m") that is a new environmental indicator in architecture, aiming to clarify conflicting claims of building design components in the process of energy-retrofit. Much of design practitioners' attention on low energy use in operational phases, may simply shift the lowered environmental impact within the building boundary to large consumption of energy in another area. Specifically, building energy reduction strategies without a holistic view starting from natural formation, may lead to the depletion of non-renewable geobiological sources (e.g. minerals, fossil fuels, etc.), which leaves a building with an isolated energy-efficient object. Therefore, to overcome the narrow outlook, this research discusses the total ecological impact of a building which embraces all process energy as well as environmental cost represented by emergy. A case study has been conducted to explore emergy-driven design work. In comparison with operational energy-driven scenarios, the results elucidate how energy and emergy-oriented decision-making bring about different design results, and quantify building components' emergy contribution in the end. An average-size ($101.9m^2$) single family house located in South Korea was sampled as a benchmark case, and the analysis of energy and material use was conducted for establishment of the baseline. Adoption of the small building is effective for the goal of study since this research intends to measure environmental impact according to variation of passive design elements (windows size, building orientation, wall materials) with new metric (emergy) regardless of mechanical systems. Performance simulations of operational energy were developed and analyzed separately from the calculation of emergy magnitudes in building construction, and then the total emergy demand of each proposed design was evaluated. Emergy synthesis results verify that the least operational energy scenario requires greater investment in indirect energy in construction, which clearly reveals that efficiency gains are likely to be overwhelmed by increment of material flows. This result places importance on consideration of indirect energy use underscoring necessity of emergy evaluation towards the environment-friendly building in broader sense.