• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.12-17
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• 1986

Etilefrine hydrochloride was microencapsulated with ethylcellulose by phase separation method to develop a sustained release dosage form. The results of dissolution test carried out with various microcapsules showed that the drug release was decreased with increasing the particle size of microcapsules at a constant core to wall ratio, and with decreasing the core to wall ratio. Also ethylcellulose 50 cps and fast stirring rate (900 rpm) was better in decreasing the drug release than ethylcellulose 22 cps and slow stirring rate (300 rpm), respectively.

• 센서학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2001

The use of a glass-plate probe of rectangular shape is proposed for the measurement of transmission loss in optical waveguides. The light-collecting window is of a thin, rectangular shape and is perpendicular to the light streak, while the conventional fiberglass probe has a small circular face. This transversely elongated form results in a grate improvement of mechanical tolerance for the probe movement in the vortical as well as in the transverse direction. A theoretical investigation also presents a reasonable agreement with the experiments.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.228.2-229
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• 2003

Investigation of polymorphism has become a requirement in the pharmaceutical industry because the physical properties and bioavailabilities of crystalline drugs depend on their polymorphic form. Two polymorphic modifications and one pseudopolymorphic modification of cefotaxime sodium were prepared by recrystallization in organic solvents under variable conditions. Four polymorphic modifications of cephardine were prepared by recrystallization. Three polymorphic modifications and one pseudopolymorphic modification of ceftriaxone sodium were prepared by recrystallization. (omitted)

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.299-303
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• 2004

Prescription filling in powder form is performed in community pharmacy practice to adjust dose for children and patients who cannot swallow whole tablet. However, there are few reports regarding the stability of the active ingredient and possible microbial growth after the medication is dispensed to powder form. This study examined the stability of atenolol, an antihypertensive agent, and microbial growth in the unit dose pouches dispensed at twenty-one community pharmacies located in Taegu area. Randomly chosen first unit dose pouch contained 77.4% of the prescribed dose of the drug and there were only four community pharmacies that dispensed the drug within 10% deviation from the dose prescribed by physician. Surprisingly, there were three community pharmacies that dispensed the drug with greater than 40% deviation, which may pose a major concern regarding the efficacy and safety of the drug prescribed for the treatment of hypertension. Atenolol content during a month did not indicate significant change, showing 5.4%, 4.3%, and 3.3% of decrease in 50%, 80%, and 90% relative humidity conditions, respectively. Microbiological examination during a month showed less than 0.5 microorganism in high power field (hpf) in all the relative humidity conditions tested. Based on this study, pharmacy practice in community pharmacy needs to be rigorously regulated to ensure that the dose of the prescribed drug is properly incorporated into the unit dose pouch dispensed as powder form.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2011

The objective of the study was to prepare self-microeulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) incorporating atorvastatin calcium and evaluate its properties and oral bioavailability. Solubility of atorvastatin in various vehicles was determined. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to identify the good self-emulsification region. The droplet size distributions of the resultant emulsions were determined by dynamic light scattering measurement. The mean droplet size of chosen formulation (20% ethyl oleate, 40% tween-80, 40% Carbitol$^{(R)}$) was $23.4{\pm}1.3$ nm. The SMEDDS incorporating atorvastatin calcium appeared to be associated with better performance in dissolution and pharmacokinetic studies, compared with raw atorvastatin calcium. In dissolution test, the release percentage of atorvastatin from SMEDDS mixture could rapidly reach more than 95% within 3 min. Oral $AUC_{0{\rightarrow}8hr}$ values in SD rats was $1994{\pm}335\;ng{\cdot}hr/mL$, which significantly increased (P<0.05) compared with raw atorvastatin calcium. The SMEDDS formulation was relatively stable when stored at $4^{\circ}C$ during 3 months. Our studies illustrated the potential use of SMEDDS for the delivery of hydrophobic compounds, such as atorvastatin, by the oral route.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.191-196
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• 2011

In this study simple and sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic method using a commercially available column, was developed and validated for the determination of zolpidem tartrate in human plasma. The developed method with suitable validation was applied to a bioequivalence study of two different kinds of zolpidem tartrate. Two different formulations containing 10 mg of zolpidem tartate (CAS : 99294-93-6) were compared in 24 healthy male volunteers in order to compare the bioavailability and prove the bioequivalence. The study was performed in an open, single dose randomized, 2-sequence, cross-over design in 24 healthy male volunteers with a one-week washout period. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic profiling were drawn at selected times during 12 h. The mean $AUC_{0-12h}$, $C_{max}$, $T_{max}$ and $T_{1/2}$ were $676.6{\pm}223.4$ $ng{\cdot}h{\cdot}mL^{-1}$, $177.4{\pm}34.2$ $ng{\cdot}mL^{-1}$, and $0.8{\pm}0.4$ and $3.5{\pm}2.1$, respectively, for the test formulations, and $640.7{\pm}186.6$ $ng{\cdot}h{\cdot}mL^{-1}$, $193.0{\pm}64.5$ $ng{\cdot}mL^{-1}$, and $0.9{\pm}0.4$ and $2.7{\pm}0.9$, respectively, for the reference formulation. Both primary target parameters $AUC_{0-12h}$ and $C_{max}$ were log-transformed and tested parametrically by analysis of variance (ANOVA). 90% confidence intervals of $AUC_{0-12h}$ and $C_{max}$ were in the range of acceptable limits of bioequivalence (80-125%). Based on these results, the two formulations of zolpidem tartate are considered to be bioequivalent.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.95-115
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• 1996

The esthetic factor for the esthetic prosthesis were studied on 300 persons. The praaticipants were 150 students registered under the Deparment of Dental Laboratoy Technology, Jisan Junior College at the present day of June, 1995 and their mothers. The results were as follows; 1. The number of persons with 28 teeth in their oralcatity was highest(P<0.01). They complained that they have only 28 teeth bacaues of the loss(deficiency) fo teeth due to their impacted teeth and dental caries. 2. The presons with feelings of dissatisfaction were large in number(P<0.01). They were dissatisfied with an abnormal tooth form(33.5%), tooth position(31.7%), tooth color(31.1%), and tooth size(3.7%) in order(P<0.01). 3. In their facial form, the most numerous were men with square form and women with ovoid form(P<0.01). Among the whloe number fo facial forms it appeared to decresae in the order of ovoied(41.8%), square(32.7%), square+tapered(20.5%), and tapered form(5%)(P<0.01). In a profile form, the most numerous were men with A form and women with B. Among the whole participants the most numerous were persons with B form and persons with A and C form were next in oder of numbers(P<0.01). 4. In discoloration of teeth, the most numerous were persons who have no discoloration. 5. In the esthetic recovery of anterior prosthesis the color matching of proximal teeth was not correct, but the outline of proximal teeth was to be reproduced correctly. 6. In the diastema of teeth, the number of persons who have no diastema was higher than that of persons who have a disatema(P<0.01) Among the persons who have diastema the most numerous were persons who have a diastema, and next were 2, 4, 3 and 5 diastemas in order. 7. In a meeting point of the midline of the body and the tooth the number of person hanving a meeting point was higher than that of persons who did not fit each other(P<0.01). The bias direction of midline teeth appeared to be affected by chewing direction, prosthesis location, and posterior location. 8. The length and width of teeth in the tooth size were suitable(P<0.01). The number of persons who have central teeth longer than lateral teeth was high(P<0.0). 9. In the results of smile analysis, the line form connected with incisal edge of upper canine were parallel(P<0.01). When smile the location fo upper lips should be in accord with the central area of teeth(P<0.01) and lower lip should be atteched to the edge of anterior teeth in order to be esthetic. 10. Among the number of upper teeth we can see the most numerous were 8 teeth and next were 10, 6 and 12 in order.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.2055-2062
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• 2013

범죄 증거의 새로운 형태인 디지털 증거는 기존의 증거와 기능 및 역할에 있어서 거의 차이점이 없으며, 증거로서의 법적 인정 및 역할이 점차 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 포렌식 수사관은 다수의 증거 보유 장치(예, 컴퓨터 시스템, 저장 매체 등)에 저장되어 있는 막대한 양의 데이터로부터, 사건과 관련된 실마리를 찾기 위하여 많은 시간을 소모해야 한다. 따라서 조사 시간을 단축하기 위해서는 잠재적인 관련 증거의 중요성에 근거하여 순서화 및 순위화가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 포렌식 조사 시에, 정확한 증거를 선정하게 함으로서 증거 분석 우선순위를 결정하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방식은 증거 조사 소요시간, 증거의 가치, 증거간의 연관성 그리고 사건과 시간과의 연관성과 같은 다수의 부정확한 요소가 퍼지 집합 함수를 사용한 의사 결정에 사용되는 다기준 의사 결정에 근거한다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.180-188
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• 2014

현대자동차그룹은 HSM이라고 불리는 간략화된 차량 모델에 대하여 썬루프 버페팅 현상의 실험적인 조사를 시행하였다. 현대자동차그룹은 어떤 CFD솔버가 충분한 정확도를 가지고 썬루프 버페팅 현상을 예측하는지 조사하기 위해 상용CFD공급업체의 참여를 요청하였다. ANSYS Korea는 이번 조사에 참여하여 ANSYS fluent를 이용하여 HSM의 썬루프 버페팅에 대한 수치해석을 수행하였다. 먼저 유동장 검증을 위해 풍속 60 km/h에 대하여 썬루프가 닫힌 HSM모델에 대하여 해석을 수행하였다. HSM상부 면의 세 지점에서 속도 분포를 예측하였고, 이는 시험결과와 비교되었다. 그런 다음 고해상도 난류 모델인 DES를 이용한 해석이 전 풍속영역에 걸쳐 수행되었다. 버페팅 주파수와 버페팅 음압레벨이 예측되었고, 이는 시험결과와 비교되었다. 이를 통해 실제 차량 개발을 위한 CFD의 예측 가능성에 대하여 결론을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.5-15
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• 1973

An investigation was carried out on a basis of the bacteriological examination with a view to detecting the degree of bacterial contamination for the 77 samples collected from the locally-sold liquid specialties. It's test period was 50 days from July 10 to August 30, 1971. Specially, the survey has put emphasis on the population of general bacteria and the identification of coli-form group, staphylococcus species, streptococcus species, bacillus species, fungi, and yeast species from liquid samples. The results obtained are summarized as follows; (1) For the 77 samples tested, the contamination of general bacteria was found out as minimun 0, i,e., maximum, $12{\times}10^4$ and the total average $45{\times}10^2$ per milliliter. (2) Although streptococcus species could not be detected with the samples, the contamination of the coli-form and staphylococcus species means the strong suggestion of the possibility of pathogenic bacterial contamination. (3) Specially, the products which stay in the neutral pH range and use suspending agents need to care for the microbial contamination in the manufacturing crocess. (4) It is thought necessary to perform the microbiological quality control in the liquid preparations only at least. (5) As the microbial contamination degree in the liquid decreases according to the elapse of time, the microbiological quality control will have to be carried out immediately after the completion of the manufacturing process in order to know the accurate degree. (6) The author thinks that the main reason of the microbial contamination in the liquid is the contamination during the manufacturing process. (7) For the purpose of prevention of the microbial contamination in liquid, therefore, it is more important to make efforts for the rationalization of manufacturing process, the improvement of equipment and environment, the specific training of workers for hygienic knowledges, etc. rather than the use of preservatives for the preparations.