• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2022

스테가노그래피 기술은 커버 매체의 특정 위치에 비밀 메시지를 대체시켜 숨겨진 정보의 존재를 추적할 수 없도록 보호 조치를 한다. 암호화와 스테가노그래피를 기반으로 다양한 복합적인 방법을 적용하여 보안성과 저항성을 강화한다. 특히 보안성을 향상시키기 위해 혼돈과 무작위성을 높이는 기법이 필요하다. 실제로 이산코사인변환(DCT)과 최하위 비트(LSB) 기반에서 셔플링 방식이 적용된 경우는 연구가 진행되어야 할 영역이다. 메시지 숨김의 복잡성을 추가할 수 있는 비트 정보 셔플링 방식을 통합하고, 공간 영역 기법을 스테가노그래피에 적용하여 한글 메시지의 비트 정보를 은닉하는 새로운 접근 방법을 제시한다. 메시지를 추출할 때 역셔플링을 적용한다. 이 논문에서, 삽입하려는 한글 메시지를 초성, 중성, 종성으로 분리한다. 대응된 정보에 기반한 선택적 셔플링 과정을 적용하여 보안성과 혼돈성을 향상시킨다. 제안된 방법의 성능을 확인하기 위해 상관계수와 PSNR을 이용하였다. 기준값과 비교했을 때 제안한 방법의 PSNR 값이 타당하다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.815-829
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to construct a flatfish outlook model that is consistent with the "Fisheries outlook" monthly publication of the fisheries outlook center of the Korea Maritime Institute (KMI). In particular, it was designed as a partial equilibrium model limited to flatfish items, but a model was constructed with a dynamic ecological equation model (DEEM) system, considering biological breeding and shipping times. Due to limited amounts of monthly data, the market equilibrium price was calculated using a recursive model method as the inverse demand. The main research results and implications are as follows. As a result of estimating young fish inventory levels, the coefficient of the young fish inventory in the previous period was estimated to be 0.03, which was not statistically significant. Because there is distinct seasonality, when estimating the breeding outcomes, the elasticity of breeding in the previous period was found to exceed 0.7, and it increased more as the weight of the fish increased, in addition, the shipment coefficient gradually increased as the weight increased, which means that as the fish weight increased, the shipment compared to the breeding volume increased. When estimating shipments, the elasticity of breeding in previous period was estimated to respond elastically as the weight increases. The price flexibility coefficient of the total supply was inelastically estimated to be -0.19. Finally, according to a model predictive power test, the Theil U1 was estimated to be very low for all of the predictors, indicating excellent predictive power.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2021년도 학술발표회
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• pp.275-275
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• 2021

A fixed Z-R relationship approach, such as the Marshall-Palmer relationship, for an entire year and for different seasons can be problematic in cases where the relationship varies spatially and temporally throughout a region. From this perspective, this study explores the use of long-term radar reflectivity for South Korea to obtain a nationwide calibrated Z-R relationship and the associated uncertainties within a Bayesian regression framework. This study also investigates seasonal differences in the Z-R relationship and their roles in reducing systematic error. Distinct differences in the Z-R parameters in space are identified, and more importantly, an inverse relationship between the parameters is clearly identified with distinct regimes based on the seasons. A spatially structured pattern in the parameters exists, particularly parameter α for the wet season and parameter β for the dry season. A pronounced region of high values during the wet and dry seasons may be partially associated with storm movements in that season. Finally, the radar rainfall estimates through the calibrated Z-R relationship are compared with the existing Z-R relationships for estimating stratiform rainfall and convective rainfall. Overall, the radar rainfall fields based on the proposed modeling procedure are similar to the observed rainfall fields, whereas the radar rainfall fields obtained from the existing Marshall-Palmer Z-R relationship show a systematic underestimation. The obtained Z-R relationships are validated by testing the predictions on unseen radar-gauge pairs in the year 2018, in the context of cross-validation. The cross-validation results are largely similar to those in the calibration process, suggesting that the derived Z-R relationships fit the radar-gauge pairs reasonably well.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.171-184
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• 2023

Purpose: First, this paper suggests an alternative approach to find optimal portfolio (stocks, bonds and ESG stocks) under the maximizing utility of investors. Second, we include ESG stocks in our optimal portfolio, and compare improvement of welfares in the case with and without ESG stocks in portfolio. Methods: Our main method of analysis follows Brennan et al(2002), designed under the continuous time framework. We assume that the dynamics of stock price follow the Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) while the short rate have the Vasicek model. For the utility function of investors, we use the Power Utility Function, which commonly used in financial studies. The optimal portfolio and welfares are derived in the partial equilibrium. The parameters are estimated by using Kalman filter and ordinary least square method. Results: During the overall analysis period, the portfolio including ESG, did not show clear welfare improvement. In 2017, it has slightly exceeded this benchmark 1, showing the possibility of improvement, but the ESG stocks we selected have not strongly shown statistically significant welfare improvement results. This paper showed that the factors affecting optimal asset allocation and welfare improvement were different each other. We also found that the proportion of optimal asset allocation was affected by factors such as asset return, volatility, and inverse correlation between stocks and bonds, similar to traditional financial theory. Conclusion: The portfolio with ESG investment did not show significant results in welfare improvement is due to that 1) the KRX ESG Leaders 150 selected in our study is an index based on ESG integrated scores, which are designed to affect stability rather than profitability. And 2) Korea has a short history of ESG investment. During the limited analysis period, the performance of stock-related assets was inferior to bond assets at the time of the interest rate drop.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.759-769
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• 2021

Objective: To evaluate the application of laplacian-regularized mean apparent propagator (MAPL)-MRI to brain glioma-induced corticospinal tract (CST) injury. Materials and Methods: This study included 20 patients with glioma adjacent to the CST pathway who had undergone structural and diffusion MRI. The entire CSTs of the affected and healthy sides were reconstructed, and the peritumoral CSTs were manually segmented. The morphological characteristics of the CST (track number, average length, volume, displacement of the affected CST) were examined and the diffusion parameter values, including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), mean squared displacement (MSD), q-space inverse variance (QIV), return-to-origin probability (RTOP), return-to-axis probabilities (RTAP), and return-to-plane probabilities (RTPP) along the entire and peritumoral CSTs, were calculated. The entire and peritumoral CST characteristics of the affected and healthy sides as well as those relative CST characteristics of the patients with motor weakness and normal motor function were compared. Results: The track number, volume, MD, RD, MSD, QIV, RTAP, RTOP, and RTPP of the entire and peritumoral CSTs changed significantly for the affected side, whereas the AD and FA changed significantly only in the peritumoral CST (p < 0.05). In patients with motor weakness, the relative MSD of the entire CST, QIV of the entire and peritumoral CSTs, and the AD, MD, RD of the peritumoral CST were significantly higher, whereas the RTPP of the entire and peritumoral CSTs and the RTOP of the peritumoral CST were significantly lower than those in patients with normal motor function (p < 0.05 for all). In contrast, no significant changes were found in the CST morphological characteristics, FA, or RTAP (p > 0.05 for all). Conclusion: MAPL-MRI is an effective approach for evaluating microstructural changes after CST injury. Its sensitivity may improve when using the peritumoral CST features.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2024

We have proposed a method for estimating the size-dependent mortality (M) of short-lived semelparous cephalopod species. To estimate the size-dependent mortality of a winter cohort of the common squid Todarodes pacificus, a commercially important cephalopod species in the North Pacific, we used the data and results of previous studies. On the basis of the bigger-is-better the steady-state hypothesis, we derived a theoretical mortality curve by assuming M as an inverse function of mantle length (ML). The derived constant for size-specific instantaneous mortality (q), assuming an embryonic survival rate of 86.6%, was 0.413 day^-1 mm in ML. Estimates of life-stage-specific M ranged from 0.0280 to 0.435 day^-1 for paralarvae, 0.00278 to 0.0269 day^-1 for juveniles, 0.00197 to 0.00275 day^-1 for pre-spawning adults, and 0.0913 to 0.0920 day^-1 for post-spawning adults. Sensitivity analyses showed that the derived size-dependent M did not significantly change with varying embryonic survival rates, from 48%, the lowest reported value, to 100%. Additionally, comparison of the length frequencies derived from our simulations with those derived from catch data did not show a significant difference, suggesting that our approach and procedures are reliable for stock assessment and management of the common squid.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권19호
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• pp.8371-8376
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• 2014

Background: The use of statistical methods has become an imperative tool in breast cancer survival data analysis. The purpose of this study was to develop the best statistical probability model using the Bayesian method to predict future survival times for the black non-Hispanic female breast cancer patients diagnosed during 1973-2009 in the U.S. Materials and Methods: We used a stratified random sample of black non-Hispanic female breast cancer patient data from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional regression methods. Four advanced types of statistical models, Exponentiated Exponential (EE), Beta Generalized Exponential (BGE), Exponentiated Weibull (EW), and Beta Inverse Weibull (BIW) were utilized for data analysis. The statistical model building criteria, Akaike Information Criteria (AIC), Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC), and Deviance Information Criteria (DIC) were used to measure the goodness of fit tests. Furthermore, we used the Bayesian approach to obtain the predictive survival inferences from the best-fit data based on the exponentiated Weibull model. Results: We identified the highest number of black non-Hispanic female breast cancer patients in Michigan and the lowest in Hawaii. The mean (SD), of age at diagnosis (years) was 58.3 (14.43). The mean (SD), of survival time (months) for black non-Hispanic females was 66.8 (30.20). Non-Hispanic blacks had a significantly increased risk of death compared to Black Hispanics (Hazard ratio: 1.96, 95%CI: 1.51-2.54). Compared to other statistical probability models, we found that the exponentiated Weibull model better fits for the survival times. By making use of the Bayesian method predictive inferences for future survival times were obtained. Conclusions: These findings will be of great significance in determining appropriate treatment plans and health-care cost allocation. Furthermore, the same approach should contribute to build future predictive models for any health related diseases.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.56-62
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• 2009

산업용 강판튜브 CR영상의 잡음특성과 기하학적 구조에 관한 해석적 접근을 시도한다. 산업현장에서 방사선 측정실험으로 직접 취득한 방사선영상을 방사선강도에 따라 30(개) 이상의 샘플을 수집하였다. 이들 각 영상은 배경부, 두께부 및 튜브내부의 세 영역으로 구성되었는바, 그 가운데 튜브내부영역을 분석 대상으로 삼았다. 통계적이고 함수적인 방법론에 의해 잡음특성을 포함한 기하학적 구조를 분석한다. 영상을 구성하는 화소라인별로 또는 공간적으로 분석을 수행하여 강판튜브의 기하학적 원형 형태가 방사선영상화 과정을 거치면서 일어나는 변형과 잡음속성 변화의 두 가지 특성을 규명한다. 분석시 부합함수와 그 오차를 기하학적 변형의 판별인자로, 표준편차, 평균 및 SN비를 잡음특성 판별인자로 설정하고 방사선투과정도의 영상에서의 실현인 회색도 변화에 따른 이들 인자들의 변화를 고찰하였다. 분석결과, 본래의 원형 구조가 방사선투과 강도에 따라 타원형에서 저반경 원형 그리고 고반경원형의 점차적인 구조 변형을 일으킨다는 사실을 밝혔고, 잡음의 편차가 투과강도에 반비례함을 규명하였다.

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.187-198
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• 1995

본 연구는 RC 박스거더교 상부구조의 체계신뢰성 해석과 체계신뢰성에 기초한 내하력 평가를 위하여 실용적이고 실제적인 신뢰성 모델 및 방법을 제안하였다. 시스템으로서 교량의 보유내하력을 정확히 예측한다는 것은, 특히 교량이 높은 여용성을 갖고 있고 열화손상이 심각한 경우에는 더욱 어려운 문제이다. 본 연구는 교량의 체계신뢰성에 상응하는 교량시스템강도로서 정의도리 수 잇는 등가의 시스템가동의 항으로 교량의 보유내하력을 평가하는 새로운 접근방법을 제안하였다. 즉, 이 방법은 체계신뢰성지수의 FOSM(Fdirst Order Second Moment)형태에서 유도된 등가시스템저항강도로서 보다 실제적이고 합리적인 극산시스템저항강도 평가방법이다. 본 연구에서 제안된 RC박스거더교를 위한 강도한계상태모형은 휨 및 전단강도에 기초하였다. 그리고 박스거더 상부구조의 체계신뢰성 문제는 주요 파괴 메카니즘이나 각거더의 한계파괴상태에 기초한 FMA(Failure Mode Approach) 로부터 획득한 직-병렬 혼합모델로서 정식화하였다. 제안된 모형의 신뢰성해석에는 AFOSM(Advanced First Order Second Moment) 과 IST(Importance Sampling Technique) 시뮬레이션 알고리즘을 사용하였다.

• 지구물리
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.161-174
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• 2000

베이지안 역산(Bayesian inversion)은 불충분한 자료를 가지고 지하구조를 추정해야 하는 지구물리자료의 해석에 있어서 안정적이고 신뢰를 줄 수 있는 방법 중의 하나이다. 관측 자료가 측정 과정부터 불확실성을 함유하고 있으며, 역산에 이용되는 이론 자료 또한 모델의 매개변수화에 따른 각종 불확실성을 포함하고 있다. 따라서 지구물리 자료의 역산은 확률적으로 접근하는 것이 가장 바람직하며 베이지안 역산은 이에 대한 처리뿐만 아니라, 추정에 대한 신뢰도와 불확실성에 대한 이론적 근거를 제공한다. 그러나 대부분의 베이지안 역산이 고차원의 적분을 필요로 하므로 몬테 카를로 방법과 같은 대규모의 계산이 요구되는 방법에 의해 사후 확률분포가 구해지는 경우가 많다. 이는 특히 지구물리 자료와 같이 고도의 비선형 자료에 대하여 매우 적합한 접근 방법이기는 하지만, 점차 현장화, 고속화되어가는 자료의 해석 경향에 맞추어 간략하게 사후 확률분포를 근사한 수 있는 기법의 연구 또한 필요하다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 관측자료와 사전 확률분포가 정규분포에 의해 근사 될 수 있는 지구물리자료에 대한 베이지안 역산에 대해 논의 하고자 한다. 사전 확률분포의 작성을 위해 지구통계학적 기법이 이용되었으며, 관측자료의 통계적 불화실성을 추정하기 위해 교차 검사(cross-validation) 방법을 이용하여 공분산(covariance)을 유도하고 그것에 의한 우도 함수(likelihood function)를 작성하였다. 베이지안 해석을 위해 두 확률분포를 곱하여 근사적인 사후 확률분포를 얻을 수 있었으며, 이에 대해 최적화(optimization) 기법을 이용하여 최대 사후 확률(Maximum a Posterior)을 따르는 지하 구조를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 사후 확률 분포의 공분산 항을 이용하여 지하 비저항 구조를 시뮬레이션 하여 불확실성분석을 수행하였다.