• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2024

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is a transcription factor activated under hypoxic conditions, and it plays a crucial role in cellular stress regulation. While HIF-1α activity is essential in normal tissues, its presence in the tumor microenvironment represents a significant risk factor as it can induce angiogenesis and confer resistance to anti-cancer drugs, thereby contributing to poor prognoses. Typically, HIF-1α undergoes rapid degradation in normoxic conditions via oxygen-dependent degradation mechanisms. However, certain cancer cells can express HIF-1α even under normoxia. In this study, we observed an inclination toward increased normoxic HIF-1α expression in cancer cell lines exhibiting increased HDAC6 expression, which prompted the hypothesis that HDAC6 may modulate HIF-1α stability in normoxic conditions. To prove this hypothesis, several cancer cells with relatively higher HIF-1α levels under normoxic conditions were treated with ACY-241, a selective HDAC6 inhibitor, and small interfering RNAs for HDAC6 knockdown. Our data revealed a significant reduction in HIF-1α expression upon HDAC6 inhibition. Moreover, the downregulation of HIF-1α under normoxic conditions decreased zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 expression and increased E-cadherin levels in lung cancer H1975 cells, consequently suppressing cell invasion and migration. ACY-241 treatment also demonstrated an inhibitory effect on cell invasion and migration by reducing HIF-1α level. This study confirms that HDAC6 knockdown and ACY-241 treatment effectively decrease HIF-1α expression under normoxia, thereby suppressing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These findings highlight the potential of selective HDAC6 inhibition as an innovative therapeutic strategy for lung cancer.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.313-325
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• 2008

통계이용자들의 마이크로자료 제공요구가 갈수록 증가하고 있으며 통계작성기관도 마이크로자료의 제공을 위해 노력을 기울이고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 마이크로자료에는 응답자의 개인정보가 많이 담겨 있으므로 자료를 그대로 제공할 경우 개인정보가 노출 될 가능성이 높기 때문에 자료제공시 적절한 방법으로 노출을 제한시켜 주어야만 한다. 본 논문에서는 마이크로자료 제공시 발생하는 응답자의 정보노출에 대한 개념과 이를 제한하는 방법 등을 소개하고, 2005년에 통계청에서 실시한 인구주택총조사의 2% 마이크로자료 제공을 위해 다양한 노출제한방법을 적용하여 자료파일을 작성하는 과정을 설명하였다. 즉, 10% 표본조사결과를 모집단으로 하고 계통추출한 표본을 대상으로 외부인이 식별할 가능성이 높은 12개 항목을 key 변수로 선정한 후, 각 변수의 조합별 유일성을 파악하고 노출위험을 계산하였다. 그 결과 2% 표본을 통한 정보의 축소는 물론 그룹화, 코딩 등을 포함한 일련의 방법들을 적용함으로써 인구주택총조사 마이크로자료의 개인정보 노출을 제한하는데 상당한 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.23-40
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• 2015

최근 등장한 IoT(Internet of Things)는 개인과 기업에게 효율성 및 편의성을 제공해 줄 것으로 예상되는 기술로 주목받고 있으며, 이에 대한 관심과 투자가 점점 증가하고 있다. IoT의 정착은 빅데이터를 생성시키는 환경을 만듦으로써, 빅데이터분석을 통해 사회전반에 걸쳐 효율성을 증대시킬 뿐만 아니라 새로운 서비스 창출의 기반이 될 수 있다. 하지만 일각에서는 IoT 기술이 새로운 가치를 제공해 주는 이면에, 다양한 프라이버시 침해요소가 존재한다고 주장한다. 사용자가 IoT 서비스를 사용할 때 느낄 수 있는 프라이버시 침해에 대한 우려는 장기적으로 사용자의 수용을 저해할 수 있기 때문에, IoT 산업의 빠른 발전속도에 제동을 걸 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 IoT 환경에서 발생할 수 있는 사용자 프라이버시 침해를 세 가지 측면(기술적 위협, 서비스제공자의 위협, 정책에 대한 신뢰)에서 살펴보고 프라이버시 우려에 미치는 영향 수준을 비교해 보고자 한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.831-835
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• 2014

Background: Predictor factors determining complete response to treatment are still not clearly defined. We aimed to evaluate clinicopathological features, risk factors, treatment responses, and survival analysis of patient with advanced nonseminomatous GCTs (NSGCTs). Materials and Methods: Between November 1999 and September 2011, 140 patients with stage II and III NSGCTs were referred to our institutions and 125 patients with complete clinical data were included in this retrospective study. Four cycles of BEP regimen were applied as a first-line treatment. Salvage chemotherapy and/or high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) with autologous stem cell transplantation were given in patients who progressed after BEP chemotherapy. Post-chemotherapy surgery was performed in selected patients with incomplete radiographic response and normal tumor markers. Results: The median age was 28 years. For the good, intermediate and poor risk groups, compete response rates (CRR) were, 84.6%, 67.9% and 59.4%, respectively. Extragonadal tumors, stage 3 disease, intermediate and poor risk factors, rete testis invasion were associated with worse outcomes. There were 32 patients (25.6%) with non-CR who were treated with salvage treatment. Thirty-one patients died from GCTs and 94% of them had stage III disease. Conclusions: Even though response rates are high, some patients with GCTs still need salvage treatment and cure cannot be achieved. Non-complete response to platinium-based first-line treatment is a negative prognostic factor. Our study confirmed the need for a prognostic and predictive model and more effective salvage approaches.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.324-334
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• 2021

This study aimed at determining the genetic and virulence characteristics of the Listeria monocytogenes from smoked ducks. L. monocytogenes was isolated by plating, and the isolated colonies were identified by PCR. All the obtained seven L. monocytogenes isolates possessed the virulence genes (inlA, inlB, plcB, and hlyA) and a 385 bp actA amplicon. The L. monocytogenes isolates (SMFM2018 SD 1-1, SMFM 2018 SD 4-1, SMFM 2018 SD 4-2, SMFM 2018 SD 5-2, SMFM 2018 SD 5-3, SMFM 2018 SD 6-2, and SMFM 2018 SD 7-1) were inoculated in tryptic soy broth (TSB) containing 0.6% yeast extract at 60℃, followed by cell counting on tryptic soy agar (TSA) containing 0.6% yeast extract at 0, 2, 5, 8, and 10 min. We identified five heat resistant isolates compared to the standard strain (L. monocytogenes ATCC13932), among which three exhibited the serotype 1/2b and D-values of 5.41, 6.48, and 6.71, respectively at 60℃. The optical densities of the cultures were regulated to a 0.5 McFarland standard to assess resistance against nine antibiotics after an incubation at 30℃ for 24 h. All isolates were penicillin G resistant, possessing the virulence genes (inlA, inlB, plcB, and hlyA) and the 385-bp actA amplicon, moreover, three isolates showed clindamycin resistance. In conclusion, this study allowed us to characterize L. monocytogenes isolates from smoked ducks, exhibiting clindamycin and penicillin G resistance, along with the 385-bp actA amplicon, representing higher invasion efficiency than the 268-bp actA, and the higher heat resistance serotype 1/2b.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.185-198
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• 2024

Purpose: Peritoneal washing cytology (PWC) is a widely used diagnostic tool for detecting peritoneal metastasis of advanced gastric cancer. However, the prognosis of patients with positive PWC remains poor even after gastrectomy, and treatments vary among institutions and eras. In this study, we identified the clinical factors that can help predict cytology-positive (CY(+)) gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the national data of patients with gastric cancer from 2019, as provided by the Information Committee of the Korean Gastric Cancer Association. Of the 13,447 patients with gastric cancer, 3,672 underwent PWC. Based on cytology results, we analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics and assessed the possibility of CY(+) outcomes in relation to T and N stages. Results: Of the 3,270 patients who underwent PWC without preoperative chemotherapy, 325 were CY(+), whereas 2,945 were negative. CY(+) was more commonly observed in patients with Borrmann type IV gastric cancer, an undifferentiated histological type, and advanced pathological stages. Multivariate analysis revealed Borrmann type IV (odds ratio [OR], 1.821), tumor invasion to T3-4 (OR, 2.041), and lymph node metastasis (OR, 3.155) as independent predictors of CY(+). Furthermore, for circular tumor location, the N stage emerged as a significant risk factor for CY(+), particularly when the tumor was located on the posterior wall (PW) side. Conclusions: Lymph node metastasis significantly affects CY(+) outcomes, particularly when the tumor is located on the PW side. Therefore, PWC should be considered not only in suspected serosal exposure cases but also in cases of lymph node metastasis.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2008

목 적: 수술 후 방사선 치료를 받은 후복막 연조직 육종 환자들의 치료 성적과 예후 인자를 분석해 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1985년부터 2003년까지 수술 후 방사선 치료를 받은 후복막 연조직 육종 환자 23명의 자료를 분석하였다. 추적 관찰 기간은 8개월에서 240개월까지로 중앙값은 77개월이었다. 전체 환자 중 21명이 원발성 종양이었고, 두명은 재발성 이었다. 지방육종과 평활근육종이 전체 종양의 78%를 차지하였고 17명의 환자가 조직학적으로 고등급(2또는 3등급)이었다. 종양의 크기는 3에서 50 cm까지 분포하였으며 중앙값은 13 cm이었다. 65%의 환자에서 종양의 완전절제가 이루어졌다. 방사선치료는 일일 1.8에서 2.0 Gy를 주 5회 조사하여 총 45에서 59.4 Gy를 조사하였으며 중앙값은 50.4 Gy였다. 결 과: 환자들의 5년 전체생존율, 국소무재발생존율, 무전이생존율은 각각 68%, 58%, 71%였다. 11명의 환자에서 국소 재발이 일어났으며, 9명에서는 원격전이가 발생했다. 원격전이는 간에서 가장 많이 발생했다. 예후인자 분석 중 일변량 분석에서는 주변장기를 침윤한 경우와 60세를 초과한 나이가 생존율에 나쁜 영향을 주는 인자로 분석되었고 이중 주변장기를 침윤한 것은 다변량 분석에서도 유의한 인자로 분석되었다. 60세를 초과한 경우는 일변량과 다변량 분석 모두에서 국소재발에 유의한 영향을 미치는 인자였다. 한 명의 3등급의 설사를 제외하고는 3등급 이상의 치료에 의한 부작용은 보고되지 않았다. 결 론: 본 연구 결과 이전에 보고 되었던 다른 연구들의 결과와 비슷한 정도의 치료성적이 분석되었으며 주변 장기를 침범한 경우와 60세를 초과한 경우가 환자의 생존과 재발에 나쁜 영향을 미치는 유의한 인자였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.528-534
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 흑마늘 열수 추출물(ABG)의 암세포 전이억제 효능을 검정하였다. AGS AGS 인체위암세포의 이동성과 침윤성을 억제하였으며, 이는 TER의 증가와 연관성이 있었다. 또한 ABG에 의한 AGS 위암세포의 침윤성 억제는 TIMPs 발현 증가에 의한 MMPs의 발현 및 활성 저하에 의한 것임을 알 수 있었다. 아울러 AGS 위암세포에서 과발현을 나타내는 TJ 단백질인 claudins의 발현 저하 등이 ABG의 항전이 효과에 연관되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과는 흑마늘 열수 추출물이 단순한 암세포의 증식억제를 통한 암예방 및 항암활성 뿐만 아니라 암세포의 전이 또한 효과적으로 억제할 수 있음을 보여주며, 이와 연관된 보다 구체적인 분자세포생물학적 접근 및 in vivo 연구의 필요성이 요구됨을 의미한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.2099-2102
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• 2015

Objective: To explore the expression of $laminin{\gamma}2$ in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHCC) tissues and its influence on tumor invasion and metastasis. Materials and Methods: Paraffin embedding samples of cancer, para-cancer, lymph node metastatic and hepatic metastatic tissues from 79 patients undergoing EHCC resection were collected. Expression of $laminin{\gamma}2$ was detected by immunohistochemistry and its relationship with clinical pathological characteristics and the prognosis of EHCC patients were analyzed. Results: $Laminin{\gamma}2$ showed negative staining in para-cancer tissues, but demonstrated a 51.9% (41/79) positive expression rate in extracellular matrix (ECM) or cytoplasm of EHCC tissues. In lymph node metastatic and distant metastatic nidi, expression of $laminin{\gamma}2$ was significantly higher than in the primary nidi (${\chi}^2=7.4173$, P=0.0065; ${\chi}^2=4.0077$, P=0.0453). The expression was in obvious association with lymph node metastasis (P<0.01), but had no relevance with age, gender, tumor location, tumor stage, differentiation and distant metastasis in ECM (P>0.05), whereas it was in marked connection with lymph node and distant metastasis (P<0.05 or P<0.01), but had no relationship with age, gender, tumor location, tumor stage and differentiation in cytoplasm (P>0.05). However, the median survival time and median recurrent period of patients with positive expression of $laminin{\gamma}2$ in both cytoplasm and ECM of tumor cells, only in ECM and only in cytoplasm, were evidently lower than with negative expression of $laminin{\gamma}2$ in RCM and cytoplasm (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Further Cox regression analysis showed that the positive expression of $laminin{\gamma}2$ and the tumor differentiation were independent risk factors influencing the prognosis of EHCC patients. Conclusions: Abnormal expression of $laminin{\gamma}2$ may be closely associated with invasion and metastasis of tumor cells, and thus a potential molecular marker for prognosis of EHCC patients.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2020

Purpose: Patients with pathological stage T1N+ or T2-3N0 gastric cancer may experience disease recurrence following curative gastrectomy. However, the current Japanese Gastric Cancer Treatment Guidelines do not recommend postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for such patients. This study aimed to identify the prognostic factors for patients with pT1N+ or pT2-3N0 gastric cancer using a multi-institutional dataset. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data obtained from 401 patients with pT1N+ or pT2-3N0 gastric cancer who underwent curative gastrectomy at 9 institutions between 2010 and 2014. Results: Of the 401 patients assessed, 24 (6.0%) experienced postoperative disease recurrence. Multivariate analysis revealed that age ≥70 years (hazard ratio [HR], 2.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-7.23; P=0.030) and lymphatic and/or venous invasion (lymphovascular invasion (LVI): HR, 7.88; 95% CI, 1.66-140.9; P=0.005) were independent prognostic factors for poor recurrence-free survival. There was no significant association between LVI and the site of initial recurrence. Conclusions: LVI is an indicator of poor prognosis in patients with pT1N+ or pT2-3N0 gastric cancer.