• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.307-316
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• 2002

Metaphor thinking is a kind of intuitive thinking and plays a central role in design process. But there are not many researches on this topic because it happens in designer's mind during design problem solving. In this paper, we considered cognitive aspects of metaphorical thinking as they cropped up in the process of design concepts development. As a method of cognitive experiment we used a protocol analysis of the design review reports. At the end of this research we concluded that metaphorical thinking is engaged in restructuring of new frames and reconciliation of conflicting frames for the development of new design ideas and concepts. This role of metaphorical thinking makes the design thinking divergent and the design process creative.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.73-83
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• 1990

이 연구의 목적은 (가)학생들의 "공기중의 물"에 대한 직관척 견해와 그 특성들을 파악하여 기술하고, (나) 나이와 학습 능력의 증가에 따른 직관적 견해의 분포 및 변화 경향의 파악 및 기술(description)에 있다. 미국 텍사스주 중부에서 36명의 연구대상 학생들이 선발되었다(5-, 8-, 11-학년 및 대학교 학생 각각 9명씩). 대학생들을 제외한 각 학년은 3명 씩의 우수, 보통 및 열퉁 학생들로 구성되었다. 연구 방법은 현상에 대한 면담법(Interview-About-Phenomena)이 사용되었다. 대기 중의 물은 7개의 종속개념(수증기, 습도, 증발, 웅결, 승화 I 과 II, 그리고 이슬점)으로 세분되어 조사되었다. 연구 결과 각 종속개념마다 3개에서 7개까지 여러 직관적 견해들이 파악되었다. 학년과 학습능력이 증가 할수록 학생들은 더 정교한 직관적 견해를 보유하고 있었다. 파악된 직관적 견해들의 재구성(restructuring) 또는 보다 정교한(more sophisticated) 견해로의 변화는 종속개념에 따라 다르다. 직관적 견해들이 재구성되기 쉬움에 따라 종속개념들을 배열한 것올 "재구성 계열"(Restructuring series)이라 정의 하였으며 이는 다음과 같다. 수증기-습도-이슬점-응결-중발-승화 I 과 II. 이 연구의 결과는 과학교수 전략 및 과학 학습교재의 고안과 개발, 과학교사 양성과정, 그리고 과학학습 평가 등에 활용되어져야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.129-144
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• 2007

These days, public attention is being directed to the design processes by which a final outcome can be produced to achieve its goal according to the logical plans, as it is hard to address recent problems in design by the existing intuitive way due to the paradigm shift of design. Thus, this study aims to suggest creative fashion design processes to create a product as a final outcome by intentional and systematic processes. This study showed that design is considered as comprehensive problem solving processes, and it proposes framework of processes by integrating processes of industrial design and fashion design. In addition, this study classified creativity development methods that can be implemented to fashion design into promotion of ideas, breaking out of stereotypes, and extension of search areas. These creativity development methods can be applied to fashion design processes in order to make plans and strategies systematically and help you to choose the best ways to solve problems by processes.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1621-1633
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• 2022

The present study aims to design an application for anger control training of individuals and test its practical usability with the goal of encouraging preventive training in daily life. This study also investigates, through usability evaluation, whether users can use the application to carry out the actual anger management training program, whether it is useful and convenient, and whether it produces adequate learning effects. In order to conduct usability evaluation, a usability evaluation scale comprised of six factors-utility, reuse intention, learning, error, and reflectivity-was derived, and survey items tailored to each factor were produced. The association between usability evaluation elements, user demographic parameters, mobile usage behavior, and state anger was also examined. The result demonstrated that additional menus and features are necessary to increase the usability of the application for anger management. The result also revealed that it is vital to build an intuitive application interface that users unfamiliar with mobile app functionality can easily navigate, as well as to add entertaining components in the content, as users may be somewhat bored. On the basis of the findings, ideas of modifying and creating anger management training programs were discussed.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.619-639
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• 2009

In his 1993 stage play, Arcadia, Tom Stoppard appropriates scientific theories to dramatize the difficulty in predicting the future and in describing the past. Arcadia tracks the archaeological efforts of two present-day literary critics, Hannah Jarvis and Bernard Nightingale, as they attempt to piece together the events that occurred at a large country house called Sidley Park, from 1809 to 1812. While employing a variety of historical and cultural references to the changes taking place in British landscape gardening around the early nineteenth century, the play also turns around the intuitive-romantic versus rational-classical dichotomy represented by Hannah, and present in its discussion of science and the recoverable/irrecoverable past. Stoppard's use of chaos theory as a metaphor for the difficulties faced by those involved in biographical/bibliographical literary research suggests that unsubstantiated assumption can result in the construction of its subject, rather than in its recovery. This paper explores the way in which Stoppard uses scientific concepts, particularly the chaos theory, as a metaphor for human life and behaviour, and how he successfully describes the dilemmas and contradictions of life in so doing. Influences from his famous British predecessors, George Bernard Shaw and Oscar Wilde, are evident, but Stoppard transcends both playwrights and crafts a dramatic style distinctively his own. The combination of wit, comedy, intellectual depth, intriguing ideas, literary allusions, scientific concepts, metaphors, and cultural references, all combine to make Arcadia a dramatic edifice that will stand the test of time.

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 2024

This research suggests a novel visualization approach utilizing Generative AI to render photorealistic architectural alternatives images in the early design phase. Photorealistic rendering intuitively describes alternatives and facilitates clear communication between stakeholders. Nevertheless, the conventional rendering process, utilizing 3D modelling and rendering engines, demands sophisticate model and processing time. In this context, the paper suggests a rendering approach employing the text-to-image method aimed at generating a broader range of intuitive and relevant reference images. Additionally, it employs an Text-to-Image method focused on producing a diverse array of alternatives reflecting architects' styles when visualizing the exteriors of residential buildings from the mass model images. To achieve this, fine-tuning for architects' styles was conducted using the Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) method. This approach, supported by fine-tuned models, allows not only single style-applied alternatives, but also the fusion of two or more styles to generate new alternatives. Using the proposed approach, we generated more than 15,000 meaningful images, with each image taking only about 5 seconds to produce. This demonstrates that the Generative AI-based visualization approach significantly reduces the labour and time required in conventional visualization processes, holding significant potential for transforming abstract ideas into tangible images, even in the early stages of design.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.519-531
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to ascertain high school student ideas on the motion of the Earth and moon by cognitive level. For this study, five students determined to be of high, middle and low cognitive level selected from 73 10th-grade students at a high school located in Suwon, Gyeonggido. The results of this study were as follows: first, students at the high cognitive level had comparatively more logical and scientific conception on the revolution and rotation of the Earth and moon. second, students at the middle cognitive level, generally had a passive learning attitude to unconditionally memorize learned contents, so they were apt to forget learned contents, also their recognized conception was not enlarged. In addition, they had native theories, intuitive ideas and misconceptions as well as made logical errors in the course of explanation for the motion of the Earth and moon. In the course of explanation for the phases of the moon and the cause of change of season, because of their scientific conception, the students made more and more errors in conception. finally students at the low cognitive level were not willing to think logically and positively and were very passive in the attitude to recognize conception. In addition, they have learned helplessness on the grounds that they have low scholastic achievement specially in science.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.1 s.63
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• pp.15-26
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• 2006

As the interest and use of computer have been increased among elderly users according to the entry to the aging society, the issue of universal design for computer usability was brought forward. Especially, it is widely recognized that universal UI(User Interlace) design on MS windows is important. The objective of this study is to conceptualize Universal GUI design on MS windows which can be used more easily and intuitively by novice users such as elderly and housewives. Especially, the solution for Universal GUI design on MS windows was developed by reflecting elderly users' needs because elderly users is the group with more difficulties than other user groups in learning and using MS windows. First, elderly user's needs was collected by participant observation as a teaching assistant in computer dass for elderly people for 4 weeks. Secondly, the experimental test and in-depth interview was implemented to find difficulties factors and needs in addition to participant observation. Based on the findings, the new GUI design solution was suggested. The design solution consists of ideas in several categories such as setting default, simplification of function for easy conceptual model making, customization of function and working environment, and intuitive GUI in interaction process. The new MS windows GUI design can be accessed by novice mode when user login in window XP. This study has the significance in finding elderly users detailed needs through in-depth and long term participant observation. However, the usability of the suggested prototype needs to be verified to various user groups besides elderly users in the future.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.287-294
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• 2016

The whole design process drawing outputs from design planning is based on designers' intuitive ideas and differences in technical ability. However, every design professional agrees to the fact that such design process is filled with individuals' implicit acts or inherent intuition rather than following directions in a certain defined frame. If the design process based on such intuition and experience can start from the rational and scientific process, it would be possible to move more systematic design process to the next step. This study aims to examine what system of thinking are used by designers to conduct the design information process, by using the protocol analysis which is the representative qualitative study method of cognitive science, on designers' cognitive behaviors like the contents of the design sketch process which is the initial step of the kitchenware development process, in order to understand professionals' and non-professionals' design application direction. Thus, the scope of this paper would be limited to "the initial protocol analysis on kitchenware" and "encoding of the analysis on thinking" in the qualitative study that can be the most basic to understand the design cognitive science. As a procedure to solve this study question, it aimed to seek for the product development flow and the educational effect by considering the preceding researches and also re-interpreting cognitive thinking in systematic methods.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.53-63
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• 2020

In this study, the two-dimensional flow analysis model Hydro_AS-2D model was used to simulate the situation of flooding in Seongsangu and Uichang-gu in Changwon in the event of rising sea levels and extreme flooding, and the results were expressed on three-dimensional topography and the optimal evacuation path was derived using BIM technology. Climate change significantly affects two factors in terms of flood damage: rising sea levels and increasing extreme rainfall ideas. The rise in sea level itself can not only have the effect of flooding coastal areas and causing flooding, but it also raises the base flood level of the stream, causing the rise of the flood level throughout the stream. In this study, the rise of sea level by climate change, the rise of sea level by storm tidal wave by typhoon, and the extreme rainfall by typhoon were set as simulated conditions. The three-dimensional spatial information of the entire basin was constructed using the information of topographical space in Changwon and the information of the river crossing in the basic plan for river refurbishment. Using BIM technology, the target area was constructed as a three-dimensional urban information model that had information such as the building's height and location of the shelter on top of the three-dimensional topographical information, and the results of the numerical model were expressed on this model and used for analysis for evacuation planning. In the event of flooding, the escape route is determined by an algorithm that sets the path to the shelter according to changes in the inundation range over time, and the set path is expressed on intuitive three-dimensional spatial information and provided to the user.