• 한국논리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.38-66
• /
• 2009

Weakening-free non-associative fuzzy logics, which are based on mica-norms, are introduced as non-associative substructural logics extending $GL_{e\bot}$ (Non-associative Full Lambek calculus with exchange and constants T, F) introduced by Galatos and Ono (cf. see [10, 11]). First, the mica-norm logic MICAL, which is intended to cope with the tautologies of left-continuous conjunctive mica-norms and their residua, and several axiomatic extensions of it are introduced as weakening-free non-associative fuzzy logics. The algebraic structures corresponding to the systems are then defined, and algebraic completeness results for them are provided. Next, standard completeness (i,e. completeness with respect to algebras whose lattice reduct is the real unit interval [0, 1]) is established for these logics by using Jenei and Montagna-style approach for proving standard completeness in [7, 18].

• 전기의세계
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.59-67
• /
• 1982

This paper suggests easy stabilization methods for linear time-varying systems with delay in the state. While existing methods employ the function space concept, the methods introduced in this paper transform the delay systems into the non-delay systems so that the well known methods for finite dimensional systems can be utilized. Particularly the intervalwise predictor is introduced and shown to satisfy an ordinary system. Control laws stabilizing the non-delay systems satisfied by this predictor will be shown to at least pointwise stabilize the delay systems with the additional strong possibility of true stabilization. In order to combine two steps of the predictor method, first transformation and then stabilization, an intervalwise regulator problem is suggested whose optimal control laws incorporate the intervalwise predictor as an integral part and also at least pointwise stabilize the delay systems. Since the above mentioned methods render the periodic feedback gains for time invariant systems the pointwise predictor and regulator are introduced in order to obtain the constant feedback gains, with additional stability properties. The control laws given in this paper are perhaps simplest and easiest to implement.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.925-934
• /
• 2012

Three-phase controlled converters have many applications in the utility interfacing of renewable energy sources and adjustable speed drives as a rectifier or inverter. The utility line currents of these converters have a high harmonic distortion, which is more than the harmonic standards. This paper introduces a new technique for circulating the third harmonic currents from the dc-link to the line currents to reduce their harmonic contents. The proposed system uses a single-phase PWM converter to control the angle and amplitude of the injection current for each of the firing angle of a three-phase converter. A detailed analysis is introduced to achieve a relationship between the firing angle of the three-phase controlled converter and the power angle of the PWM converter. In addition, a detailed design for the other injection path components is introduced. A simulation and experimental work is introduced to prove the mathematical derivations. Analysis, simulation and experimental results prove the superiority of the proposed technique.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.502-506
• /
• 1996

Several ester group-containing calix[4]arenes were synthesized by the reaction of calix[4]arene and various acyl chlorides. Two or four ethyl succinyl units could be introduced into the calix[4]arene lower rim depending on the reaction conditions. But the mixture of three and four ethyl malonyl substituted calix[4]arenes were obtained and only three ethyl oxalyl units were introduced at the lower rim of calix[4]arene. Interestingly when calix[4]arene was treated with ethyl oxalyl chloride in the presence of aluminum chloride, two ethyl oxalyl units were introduced at the upper rim of calix[4]arene. The conformation of those ester-containing calix[4]arenes was presented based on the 1H and 13C NMR spectra.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.251-258
• /
• 2018

Corticotomy was introduced as a surgical procedure to shorten orthodontic treatment time. Corticotomy removes the cortical bone that strongly resists orthodontic force in the jaw and keeps the marrow bone to maintain blood circulation and continuity of bone tissues to reduce risk of necrosis and facilitate tooth movement. In the 21st century, the concept of regional acceleratory phenomenon was introduced and the development of the skeletal anchorage system using screw and plate enabled application of orthopedic force beyond conventional orthodontic force, so corticotomy has been applied to more cases. Also, various modified methods of minimally invasive techniques have been introduced to reduce the patient's discomfort due to surgical intervention and complications after surgery. We will review the history of corticotomy, its mechanism of action, and various modified procedures and indications.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.115-120
• /
• 2019

There are many countries having a long history of exotic tree introduction from different countries and several countries including New Zealand, Brazil and Hungary have successfully introduced exotic trees. Korea's tree breeding program for introduction of exotic tree was originally started from 1924. Records reveal that hundreds of tree species were introduced from many countries and tested their germination and viability. About 415 introductions were eliminated since they had been introduced and tested. Subsequently, seven exotic trees that proved successful in trials and plantations have planted for afforestation. Simultaneously, several promising exotic trees are still under the test. In this paper, we will succinctly review and evaluate their comparative growth performance of the exotic trees in the plantation programs of the country to coping with climate change.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.53 no.3
• /
• pp.241-254
• /
• 2020

Three introduced fish species, Japanese white crucian carp (Carassius cuvieri Temminck and Schlegel, 1846), bass (Micropterus salmoides Lacepède, 1802) and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, 1819), are dominant fishes in Korean freshwater ecosystem. In this study, we analyzed habitat environment conditions of these three species and their impacts to fish communities in streams across South Korea. Fish community data were obtained from the database of the Stream/River Ecosystem Survey and Health Assessment program maintained by the Ministry of Environment and the National Institute of Environmental Research, Korea. Our results showed that species richness and Shannon diversity of fish were higher at the presence sites of introduced fish than at the absence sites. However, when the abundance of these introduced fish species was increased, the species richness and abundance of fish were decreased. An association analysis showed that the introduced fish species had a low similarity in their appearance with some indigenous fishes such as Siniperca scherzeri and Channa argus and some endemic fishes of Korea such as Zacco koreanus, Sarcocheilichthys variegatus wakiyae, and Acheilognathus yamatsutae. In addition, the introduced fish species had a low appearance similarity with a large number of fishes in their association networks. Finally, our results presented that these introduced fish species influenced the negative impacts to the stream fish communities, and they were potential risk factors for fish community in Korean freshwater ecosystem. Therefore, it is necessary that continuous monitoring and establishment of management strategy for introduced fish species to preserve fish resource and biodiversity in the Korean streams.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.100-116
• /
• 2002

There are several purpose to introduce microorganism into the Soil. The major purpose is to promote plant growth and inhibit plant pathogens. The model example is to put in nitrogen fixing symbiotic bacteria, Pythium and Rhizobium. In order to achieve the intended goal, the introduced microorganism should survive and colonize with sufficient density. The survival of introduced microorganism depend upon biotic and abiotic factors. Predation and competition are important among biotic factor. Water tension, organic carbon, inorganic nutrients(N, P), pH are important factor among abiootic factor. Soil texture and distribution of soil pore are also important in the survival and colonization of introduced microorganism. Selection by soil ecosystem for inoculant is a crucial factor for colonization. Good example are control of autochtonous microorganism and the introduction of surfactant biodegrading Pseudomonas. Sometimes, carriers such as peat and montmorillonite can be added to help colonization. Carriers can protect introduced microorganism by supplying protective microhabitat. Organic polymer is also used as a carrier to immobilize bacteria or industrial enzymes. Examples of these carrier are calcium alginate, agarose and k-carrageenan. The function of these carrier is to provide microhabitat and help colonization for introduced microorganism.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• v.17 no.1_2_3
• /
• pp.379-390
• /
• 2005

In this paper, optimality conditions for multiobjective programming problems having F-convex objective and constraint functions are considered. An equivalent multiobjective programming problem is constructed by a modification of the objective function. Furthermore, an F-Lagrange function is introduced for a constructed multiobjective programming problem, and a new type of saddle point is introduced. Some results for the new type of a saddle point are given.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.96-106
• /
• 2008

We review a series of studies on turbulent skin friction drag reduction in wall-turbulence recently conducted in Japan. First, an identity equation relating the skin friction drag and the Reynolds shearstress (the FIK identity) is introduced. Based on the implication of the FIK identity, a new analytical suboptimal feedback control law requiring the streamwise wall-shear stress only is introduced and direct numerical simulation (DNS) results of turbulent pipe flow with that control is reported. We also introduce DNS of an anisotropic compliant surface and parameter optimization using an evolutionary optimization technique.